Preface |
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xi | |
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1 Historical introduction |
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1 | (11) |
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1 | (1) |
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The introduction of common law |
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2 | (1) |
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The inadequacy of common law |
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2 | (2) |
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The origins and development of equity |
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4 | (1) |
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The role of the Lord Chancellor and the Chancery Court |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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The emergence of the trust |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (20) |
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12 | (1) |
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Introduction: background to equitable remedies |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (7) |
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20 | (9) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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3 The classification of trusts and powers |
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32 | (15) |
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32 | (1) |
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Differences between a trust and a power |
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33 | (1) |
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Different types of trusts |
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33 | (3) |
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36 | (4) |
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The distinction between a trust and other legal concepts |
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40 | (2) |
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The modern use of the trust |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (18) |
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47 | (1) |
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The requirement of certainty: why is it necessary? |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (5) |
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Certainty of subject matter |
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53 | (3) |
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56 | (7) |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (17) |
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65 | (1) |
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Introduction to the rule equity will not assist a volunteer |
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66 | (1) |
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The transfer of property to the trustee under a fully constituted trust |
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67 | (1) |
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Self-declaration of a trust by the owner of the property |
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68 | (3) |
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The rule in Re Rose: `the settlor has done everything in his power' |
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71 | (1) |
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The rule in Pennington v. Waine |
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72 | (1) |
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Enforcing an incompletely constituted trust in contract |
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73 | (1) |
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Enforcing an incompletely constituted trust as a trust of a promise under Fletcher v. Fletcher |
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74 | (1) |
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The rule in Re Ralli's Will Trust |
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75 | (1) |
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Exceptions to the rule `equity will not assist a volunteer' |
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76 | (5) |
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81 | (1) |
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6 Formalities for the creation of a trust |
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82 | (16) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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The creation of an express trust |
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83 | (1) |
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The role of formalities in the creation of a trust |
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84 | (1) |
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Who has the capacity to create a trust? |
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84 | (1) |
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What formalities are necessary in the creation of a trust? |
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85 | (11) |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (11) |
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98 | (1) |
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The beneficiary principle |
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99 | (1) |
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The anomalous exceptions to the beneficiary principle |
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100 | (3) |
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The Re Denley exception and trusts for individuals with a purpose attached |
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103 | (3) |
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Can unincorporated associations form an exception to the beneficiary principle? |
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106 | (1) |
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Why charitable trusts can create an exception |
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106 | (1) |
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Another possible solution to the problems created by purpose trusts |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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8 Unincorporated associations |
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109 | (13) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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Definition of an unincorporated association and the problems they present |
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111 | (1) |
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Different constructions on gifts to unincorporated associations |
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112 | (6) |
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Problems on distribution of funds on the dissolution of an unincorporated association |
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118 | (2) |
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120 | (2) |
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122 | (18) |
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122 | (1) |
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Definition of a resulting trust |
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123 | (1) |
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Presumed resulting trusts |
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123 | (11) |
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Automatic resulting trusts |
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134 | (4) |
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138 | (2) |
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140 | (18) |
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140 | (1) |
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Introduction. What is a constructive trust? Problems in definition |
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141 | (1) |
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Different types of constructive trust |
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142 | (7) |
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Institutional and remedial constructive trusts |
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149 | (6) |
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Personal and proprietary claims over property |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (2) |
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11 Trusts of the family home |
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158 | (21) |
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158 | (1) |
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Introduction to trusts of the family home |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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Sole legal owner: a common intention constructive trust of land |
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161 | (8) |
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Sole legal owner: resulting trusts of land |
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169 | (3) |
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Joint legal owners of the family home. Implications of Stack v. Dowden |
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172 | (4) |
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Effect of Trusts of Land (Appointment of Trustees) Act 1996 |
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176 | (1) |
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The role of proprietary estoppel |
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177 | (1) |
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The future for rights in the family home |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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12 Secret trusts and mutual wills |
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179 | (16) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (2) |
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184 | (1) |
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Issues arising in secret trusts |
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185 | (3) |
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The theoretical basis for secret trusts |
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188 | (3) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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The agreement between the parties |
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192 | (1) |
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The application of the constructive trust in a mutual will |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (2) |
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13 Charities; the Charities Act and the rules of cy pres |
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195 | (26) |
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195 | (1) |
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Introduction to charitable trusts |
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196 | (1) |
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The advantages of charitable status |
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196 | (1) |
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The definition of charity |
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197 | (4) |
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201 | (8) |
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How will the courts consider a new charitable purpose? |
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209 | (1) |
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Trusts with political objects |
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210 | (2) |
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Charitable purposes overseas |
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212 | (1) |
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The requirement of public benefit |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (4) |
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219 | (2) |
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14 Trustees: appointment, retirement and capacity |
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221 | (17) |
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221 | (1) |
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Appointment of the trustees |
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222 | (4) |
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Who can be appointed as a trustee? |
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226 | (3) |
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229 | (1) |
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Duties of a trustee on appointment |
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230 | (1) |
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Appointment of new trustees under s.36 |
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231 | (2) |
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Retirement of trustees under s.39 |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (2) |
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236 | (2) |
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15 Duties and powers of trustees |
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238 | (25) |
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238 | (1) |
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Introduction: the office of trustee |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (2) |
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General duties owed by trustees: to provide accounts; to provide information; to act unanimously; to act impartially |
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241 | (3) |
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Duty to exercise discretion |
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244 | (8) |
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252 | (5) |
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257 | (2) |
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Powers of maintenance and advancement |
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259 | (3) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (21) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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Court's inherent jurisdiction |
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264 | (2) |
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266 | (5) |
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The rule in Saunders v. Vautier |
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271 | (3) |
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The Variation of Trusts Act 1958 |
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274 | (8) |
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282 | (2) |
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17 Fiduciary duties and breach of fiduciary duties |
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284 | (22) |
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284 | (1) |
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The nature of a fiduciary relationship |
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285 | (1) |
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The role of fiduciary relationships in English law |
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286 | (1) |
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Purchase of trust property |
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287 | (3) |
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Trustees who make unauthorised profits from their position |
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290 | (3) |
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293 | (2) |
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Use of confidential information and opportunities |
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295 | (5) |
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300 | (1) |
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Nature of the remedies for breach of fiduciary duty |
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300 | (4) |
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304 | (2) |
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18 Breach of trust and defences to breach of trust |
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306 | (24) |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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What is a breach of trust? |
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308 | (6) |
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Joint liability, contribution and indemnity |
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314 | (3) |
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Remedies for breach of trust |
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317 | (1) |
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Special issues arising in breach of trust |
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317 | (3) |
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Defences to an action for breach of trust |
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320 | (8) |
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328 | (2) |
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19 Remedies against strangers to a trust |
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330 | (18) |
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330 | (1) |
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331 | (1) |
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Different types of liability as a stranger to a trust |
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331 | (2) |
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Personal and proprietary remedies against strangers to the trust |
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333 | (1) |
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Knowing receipt of trust property |
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334 | (5) |
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Dishonest assistance in a breach of trust |
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339 | (7) |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (2) |
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348 | (16) |
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348 | (1) |
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Introduction: what is tracing? |
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349 | (1) |
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350 | (1) |
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Tracing and claiming at common law |
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350 | (4) |
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354 | (9) |
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363 | (1) |
Index |
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364 | |