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Sulfur Emissions Policies, Oil Prices and the Appalachian Coal Industry [Kietas viršelis]

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This volume, originally published in 1984, analyzes the impact of the 1973-74 oil price increases on the Appalachian coal industry in the USA, which would otherwise have suffered large output reductions as a result of sulfur emission restrictions. Although focussed on a particular geographical region and timeframe, this book has enduring relevance as it analyzes and discusses many of the issues which are still facing the ailing coal mining industries both in the USA and globally: the advent of new energy forms, increased competition from cheaper sources, strict pollution legislation and the impact that all of these issues have on productivity and employment.

Chapter 1 Introduction and Summary
1(5)
Introduction
1(3)
Summary
4(2)
Chapter 2 Survey of Demand for Appalachian Coal
6(27)
Current Patterns of Coal Consumption
7(6)
Postwar Trends in Coal Consumption
13(14)
Low Sulfur Western Coal
27(6)
Chapter 3 Patterns of Competition In Appalachian Coal Markets
33(34)
Prices at Minehead, Wellhead, and Port of Entry
35(7)
Coal
36(1)
Gas
36(4)
Oil
40(2)
Transportation Costs
42(14)
Coal
42(1)
Rail
43(3)
Water
46(2)
Minemouth Power Generation
48(1)
Other
48(2)
Oil
50(1)
Water
50(2)
Pipelines
52(3)
Gas
55(1)
Patterns of Coal Shipments
56(2)
Delivered Prices
58(9)
Coal
58(2)
Oil
60(1)
Gas
61(6)
Chapter 4 Electric Utility Demand for Appalachian Coal
67(54)
Introduction
67(1)
Extrapolation of Electric Utility Demand
68(6)
Net Electricity Generation
71(1)
Growth in Nuclear Capacity
72(2)
Coal Consumption by Existing Plants and Announced Additions
74(12)
Existing Power Plants
74(1)
New Power Plants
75(1)
Old Plants Adding Capacity
76(1)
Adjustment for Unannounced New Capacity
77(2)
Results
79(7)
Equilibrium Utility Demand for Coal
86(27)
Long-Run Equilibrium Demand
86(1)
The Approach in General
87(12)
The Model
99(1)
Closing The Model
100(1)
A Check of The Model
101(6)
Forecast for 1980, Assuming Equilibrium at 1969 Relative Prices
107(6)
Changes in the Model for Other Scenarios
113(8)
Chapter 5 Non-Utility Demand for Appalachian Coal
121(36)
Coking Demand for Coal
122(11)
Exports of Coal
133(10)
Forecasts of U.S. Coal Exports
141(2)
Retail Demand
143(1)
"Other Manufacturing and Mining" Demand for Coal
144(3)
Summary
147(5)
Appendix 5A Forecasting Equations and Time Trends
152(5)
Economy-Related Variables
152(3)
Time Trends
155(2)
Chapter 6 Sulfur Emission Restrictions
157(39)
Methods of Estimating Employment and Costs
157(9)
Employment
157(4)
Costs of Sulfur Emissions Control
161(3)
Plants Planned to Burn Coal That Choose Coal
164(1)
Plants Planned to Burn Oil
165(1)
Plants Switching from Coal to Oil
165(1)
Output, Employment and Costs
166(30)
Costs of Compliance
167(2)
Coal Output and Employment in Appalachia
169(4)
Appendix 6A
173(23)
Chapter 7 Opec's Price Increases
196
The Oil Price Increases
197(4)
Impact on Coal Consumption: An Extrapolation
201(7)
Net Electricity Generation
206(1)
Nuclear Generation
207(1)
Impact on Coal Consumption: Conversions from Oil to Coal
208(15)
The Range of Estimates
212(1)
Conversion Costs
213(1)
Costs in General
214(3)
Calculation of Costs at Individual Plants
217(3)
Forecasts: Conversions from Oil to Coal
220(3)
Competition from Western Coal
223(4)
Conclusions
227(3)
Appendix 7A
230(13)
Appendix 7B
243
Robin Landis