Preface |
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xi | |
List of Tables and Diagrams |
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xiii | |
Maps |
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xv | |
Abbreviations |
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xix | |
Terms and Explanations |
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xxi | |
Chapter One Resources, organisational capabilities and control of the sea |
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1 | |
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1.1 State formation, complex organisation and naval power |
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1 | |
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1 | |
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1.1.2 State formation and protection-selling |
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8 | |
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1.1.3 Complex organisations in early modern Europe |
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12 | |
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1.1.4 Early modern navies |
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14 | |
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1.1.5 Naval administration and entrepreneurship |
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19 | |
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1.1.6 Technology and organisational capabilities |
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22 | |
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1.2 Sweden, naval power and the Baltic |
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25 | |
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1.2.1 The Swedish fiscal-military state and naval power |
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25 | |
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1.2.2 State formation, international relations and Baltic historiography |
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28 | |
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39 | |
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1.2.4 Swedish naval historiography |
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46 | |
Chapter Two The Swedish dynastic state and its navy |
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51 | |
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2.1 Naval power and political power |
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51 | |
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2.2 From Nordic Union to a Swedish dynastic state, 1448-1558 |
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52 | |
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2.2.1 Before 1521: The Oldenburg campaigns for a Baltic empire |
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52 | |
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2.2.2 The gamble for a new monarchy: The Vasa battle fleet, 1521-1536 |
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61 | |
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2.2.3 Defending a new monarchy: The Vasa galley fleet, 1536-1558 |
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70 | |
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2.2.4 Conclusion: Naval power and a new monarchy |
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74 | |
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2.3 The navy and Swedish empire-building, 1558-1660 |
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78 | |
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2.3.1 Control of the Baltic Sea |
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78 | |
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2.3.2 Success of organisation: The Swedish battle fleet, 1558-1570 |
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80 | |
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2.3.3 The navy and Sweden's eastern policy, 1570-1595 |
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85 | |
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2.3.4 Dynastic crisis and increased ambitions, 1595-1617 |
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90 | |
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2.3.5 The amphibious navy and the creation of the Baltic empire, 1617-1645 |
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96 | |
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2.3.6 Western naval power in the Baltic, 1645-1660 |
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105 | |
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2.3.7 Conclusion: The flexible navy |
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112 | |
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2.4 Defending a Baltic empire, 1660-1721 |
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114 | |
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2.4.1 The failure of the aristocratic navy, 1660-1679 |
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114 | |
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2.4.2 The rise of the professional navy, 1679-1700 |
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119 | |
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2.4.3 The fall of the empire, 1700-1721 |
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123 | |
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2.4.4 Conclusion: Organisation, dynamics, and inertia |
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131 | |
Chapter Three Naval operations and control of the Baltic Sea |
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135 | |
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3.1 Control of the sea as an administrative problem |
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135 | |
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3.2 The War against Christian II, 1521-1524 |
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139 | |
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3.3 The War against Lubeck, 1534-1536 |
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142 | |
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3.4 The Nordic Seven Years War, 1563-1570 |
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145 | |
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3.5 The Kalmar War, 1611-1613 |
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161 | |
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3.6 The Swedish assault on Denmark, 1643-1645 |
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165 | |
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3.7 The War of the Baltic Sea, 1655-1660 |
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175 | |
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3.8 War and crisis in the Swedish empire, 1675-1679 |
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184 | |
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3.9 The Great Northern War at sea, 1700-1721 |
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197 | |
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197 | |
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3.9.2 1700: The last Swedish amphibious attack on Sjaelland |
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201 | |
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3.9.3 1701-1709: Karl XII in Poland and Peter I at Neva |
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203 | |
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3.9.4 1709-1715: A war in the Baltic Sea |
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207 | |
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3.9.5 1716-1721: Great Britain, the Baltic powers, and the end of the war |
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223 | |
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232 | |
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3.10 Battles, administration and operational achievements |
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234 | |
Chapter Four Swedish naval administration: Scope, complexity, and structures |
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241 | |
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4.1 State, society and naval administration in Europe |
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241 | |
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4.1.1 Resource flows, entrepreneurs, and bureaucracy |
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241 | |
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4.1.2 Medieval and early modern naval administration |
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246 | |
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4.2 Passing the threshold: The early phase of Vasa naval administration |
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253 | |
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4.3 The royal entrepreneurs: Vasa naval administration, 1540-1618 |
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260 | |
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4.3.1 Tax-raising, the double contract, and the power of the dynasty |
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260 | |
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4.3.2 A state administrating material resources |
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266 | |
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4.3.3 A navy in a functionally organised state |
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268 | |
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4.3.4 Shipbuilding and resource extraction |
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280 | |
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4.4 Royal power, aristocratic administrators, and private contractors, 1618-1680 |
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287 | |
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4.4.1 Governance through hierarchy, divisions, and budgets |
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287 | |
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4.4.2 The navy emerges as an organisation, 1618-1634 |
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292 | |
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4.4.3 Administration, aristocrats, and Amiralitetskollegium |
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296 | |
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4.5 Absolutism and professionalism: Naval administration, 1680-1721 |
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306 | |
Chapter Five Warships and naval strength |
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313 | |
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5.1 Warships, naval strength, and state formation |
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313 | |
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5.2 Technology, typology, and rating systems |
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320 | |
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5.2.1 Swedish warship types |
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320 | |
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5.2.2 Swedish rating systems |
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326 | |
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5.2.3 Master shipwrights and naval technology |
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332 | |
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5.3 Shipbuilding and naval strength in a Baltic context, 1521-1617 |
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346 | |
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5.3.1 The new navy, 1521-1539 |
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347 | |
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5.3.2 The galley navy, 1540-1558 |
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353 | |
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5.3.3 Erik XIV's battle fleet, 1559-1570 |
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357 | |
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5.3.4 Johan III's shipbuilding programs, 1571-1592 |
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364 | |
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5.3.5 The Civil War navies, 1593-1599 |
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376 | |
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5.3.6 Administrative overreach, 1600-1617 |
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385 | |
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5.4 Shipbuilding and naval strength in a European context, 1618-1721 |
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394 | |
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5.4.1 Gustav II Adolf's navy, 1618-1634 |
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395 | |
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5.4.2 Stability, 1635-1658 |
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410 | |
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5.4.3 The great ships, 1659-1679 |
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418 | |
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5.4.4 Battle fleet, 1680-1699 |
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424 | |
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5.4.5 Battle fleet, cruisers, and shallow water flotillas, 1700-1721 |
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428 | |
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434 | |
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5.6 The structure of Swedish naval power in two centuries |
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443 | |
Chapter Six Cordage and canvas: Fitting out the navy |
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449 | |
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449 | |
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452 | |
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460 | |
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6.4 Growing royal administration, 1521-1590 |
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467 | |
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6.5 Expansion and crisis, 1591-1614 |
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475 | |
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6.6 Tackel and tag on contract, 1615-1628 |
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484 | |
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6.7 A more ambitious policy: Aims and reality, 1629-1679 |
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492 | |
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6.8 Absolutism and naval fittings, 1680-1721 |
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501 | |
Chapter Seven Bronze and iron: Swedish naval ordnance |
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505 | |
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505 | |
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510 | |
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7.3 Gun types and calibres |
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513 | |
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7.4 Swedish naval ordnance: Production and organisation |
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521 | |
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7.5 Early Vasa naval ordnance, 1521-1557 |
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526 | |
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7.6 The great expansion, 1558-1570 |
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532 | |
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7.7 Stability and stagnation, 1571-1615 |
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538 | |
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7.8 Gustav II Adolf and naval gunnery, 1616-1643 |
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545 | |
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7.9 From bronze to cast iron, 1644-1674 |
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554 | |
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7.10 A navy with cheap guns, 1675-1721 |
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566 | |
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7.11 Armament weight and shipbuilding technology |
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570 | |
Chapter Eight A peasant society at sea: Men, leaders, and provisioning |
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575 | |
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8.1 The problems and the sources |
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575 | |
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8.2 Seamen, gunners, and soldiers |
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583 | |
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609 | |
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8.4 Provisioning and health |
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635 | |
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8.5 A peasant society goes to sea |
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|
642 | |
Chapter Nine Conclusion: Power through Organisation |
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645 | |
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9.1 Interest aggregation and organisational capabilities |
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646 | |
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9.2 The dynamics of complex organisations and changing institutions |
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651 | |
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9.3 Resource flows and new capabilities for war |
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|
654 | |
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9.4 A dynastic enterprise at sea |
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|
658 | |
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9.5 Resources and entrepreneurship |
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663 | |
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9.6 State formation and naval power |
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|
666 | |
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9.7 Swedish naval power in a European perspective |
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|
668 | |
Appendices |
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1 List of Swedish warships, 1521-1721 |
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675 | |
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2 Swedish naval strength, divided in different sizes of warships, 1520-1721 |
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735 | |
Bibliography |
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745 | |
Index |
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771 | |