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El. knyga: Syntax, Semantics and Acquisition of Multiple Interrogatives: Who wants what?

(Baylor University)
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Multiple interrogatives, questions with multiple wh-phrases (e.g. Who bought what?), have long presented analytical challenges for linguistic theory. This monograph presents a new theoretical and experimental study of this construction. The theoretical findings concern the interaction between superiority effects, subject-auxiliary inversion, and the distribution of pair-list and single-pair readings cross-linguistically. The author examines multiple interrogatives under sluicing (i.e. clausal ellipsis), presenting new arguments for the deletion analysis of sluicing. The author also reports the results of several experimental studies on how children acquire the language-specific properties of multiple interrogatives in English, Russian, and Malayalam. The results suggest a correlation between the acquisition of multiple interrogatives and the acquisition of contrastive focus, which has been independently motivated in the syntactic literature. The monograph will be of interest to linguists concerned with syntax, semantics, and language acquisition, as well as readers who are interested in a comprehensive theory of language in general.
List of abbreviations
xi
Preface xiii
Introduction xv
Chapter 1 Superiority - Syntactic and interpretive
1(20)
1 Introduction
1(1)
2 Matrix-embedded clause asymmetry in Superiority effects
2(2)
3 T-to-C movement and locality of wh-movement
4(4)
3.1 Equidistance via head-movement
4(1)
3.2 Non-identical Agree Principle
5(2)
3.3 The main-embedded clause asymmetry
7(1)
4 Interpretive Superiority
8(3)
5 Implications and consequences
11(9)
5.1 Cross-linguistic predictions
11(4)
5.2 Superiority in non-subject questions
15(1)
5.3 Subject extraction and T-to-C movement
16(4)
6 Summary
20(1)
Chapter 2 Semantics of multiple interrogatives
21(36)
1 The phenomena
21(4)
2 Covert wh-movement and semantics of questions
25(6)
2.1 Interpreting wh-in-situ
25(2)
2.2 Choice functions
27(2)
2.3 Syntactic evidence for/against covert wh-movement
29(2)
3 Semantics of PL and SP readings
31(10)
3.1 Previous accounts
31(2)
3.2 PL readings assets of sets of propositions
33(1)
3.3 Syntactic and semantic contribution of the Q-morpheme
34(4)
3.4 Compositional semantics for PL and SP readings
38(3)
4 Capturing cross-linguistic variation with respect to the SP reading
41(8)
4.1 Boskovic (2003)
41(6)
4.2 Parameterized selectional restrictions of the Q-morpheme
47(2)
5 Interpretive Superiority
49(2)
6 Complex Wh-phrases
51(2)
7 Locality effects
53(2)
8 Summary
55(2)
Chapter 3 Multiple interrogatives and ellipsis
57(24)
1 Introduction
57(1)
2 The phenomenon of sluicing
58(3)
3 Licensing TP-deletion
61(11)
3.1 Multiple wh-fronting and contrastive focus
62(3)
3.2 A note on multiple foci
65(1)
3.3 Focus-licensed sluicing
66(3)
3.4 Overt material in Comp
69(2)
3.5 Unifying the theory of licensing TP-deletion
71(1)
4 Multiple sluicing and semantics of multiple interrogatives
72(2)
5 Superiority under sluicing
74(5)
6 Summary
79(2)
Chapter 4 Multiple left-branch extraction
81(26)
1 Introduction
81(1)
2 The prohibition against multiple left-branch extraction
82(2)
3 LBE as head-movement
84(4)
3.1 D-linking and LBE
84(2)
3.2 Toward an alternative analysis
86(2)
4 Evidence from sluicing
88(6)
5 LBE out of islands
94(10)
5.1 Interaction between LBE, islands and sluicing
94(4)
5.2 The analysis: Locality and violation encoding
98(6)
6 Summary
104(3)
Chapter 5 Acquisition of multiple interrogatives
107(38)
1 Introduction
107(3)
2 Multiple interrogatives and the nature of the input
110(7)
2.1 What is there to acquire?
110(4)
2.2 Previous studies
114(1)
2.3 Evidence in the input
115(2)
3 Experimental schema
117(3)
4 Results
120(10)
4.1 Experiment 1: English vs. Russian
120(4)
4.2 Experiment 2: Child wh-in-situ in Russian
124(2)
4.3 Experiment 3: Malayalam
126(4)
5 The discussion
130(11)
5.1 Acquisition of syntax of multiple interrogatives
130(5)
5.2 Acquisition of the PL/SP readings in multiple questions
135(4)
5.3 More remarks on Malayalam
139(2)
6 Summary
141(4)
Chapter 6 Acquiring contrastive focus and multiple interrogatives
145(20)
1 Introduction
145(1)
2 Contrastive focus in child language
146(7)
2.1 Contrastive focus
146(2)
2.2 Previous studies on acquisition of contrastive focus
148(2)
2.3 Syntax of contrastive focus: What is there to acquire?
150(2)
2.4 Implications for multiple interrogatives
152(1)
3 Method
153(3)
3.1 Experimental schema
154(2)
3.2 The experiment
156(1)
4 Results
156(4)
5 Discussion
160(2)
6 Summary
162(3)
Chapter 7 Concluding remarks
165(4)
References 169(10)
Appendix A Test items in experiments on multiple interrogatives 179(2)
Appendix B Script for experimental stories on multiple interrogatives 181(4)
Appendix C Test items and script for experiments on contrastive focus 185(4)
Index 189
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