Preface |
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ix | |
Acknowledgments |
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xiii | |
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1 Talk about Writing: An Introduction to Our Empirical Study |
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1 | (13) |
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Our Goals for Talk about Writing |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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Our Theoretical Framework and Coding Scheme for Analyzing Tutor Talk |
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4 | (3) |
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7 | (4) |
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An Overview of TAW: Chapters and Contribution |
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11 | (2) |
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A Final Thought before We Begin |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (34) |
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The Macrolevel: Conference Stages and Topic Episodes |
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15 | (3) |
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Scaffolding and the Zone of Proximal Development |
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18 | (6) |
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Operationalizing Scaffolding and the ZPD |
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24 | (22) |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (21) |
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48 | (5) |
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53 | (4) |
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Transcription Process and Conventions |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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A Mixed Approach to the Coding Scheme |
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59 | (4) |
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Overcoming Threats to Coding-Scheme Reliability |
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63 | (5) |
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68 | (1) |
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4 The Three Conference Stages and Tutoring Strategies: The Overall Results |
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69 | (20) |
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The Opening Stage of Writing Center Conferences |
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69 | (2) |
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The Teaching Stage of Writing Center Conferences |
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71 | (12) |
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The Closing Stage of Writing Center Conferences |
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83 | (1) |
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Tutoring Strategies: Frequencies of Occurrence |
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84 | (3) |
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Conclusion and Implications for Tutor Training |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (17) |
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Instruction Strategies in the Opening Stage |
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89 | (1) |
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Instruction Strategies in the Teaching Stage |
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90 | (13) |
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Instruction Strategies in the Closing Stage |
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103 | (1) |
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Conclusions and Implications for Tutor Training |
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104 | (2) |
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6 Cognitive Scaffolding Strategies |
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106 | (20) |
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Cognitive Scaffolding Strategies' Constraint on Responses |
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106 | (1) |
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Knowledge-Deficit Questions versus Cognitive Scaffolding Strategies in the Opening Stage |
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107 | (1) |
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Cognitive Scaffolding Strategies in the Teaching Stage |
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108 | (14) |
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Cognitive Scaffolding Strategies in the Closing Stage |
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122 | (1) |
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Conclusions and Implications for Tutor Training |
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123 | (3) |
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7 Motivational Scaffolding Strategies |
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126 | (22) |
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Motivation's Connection to Learning |
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127 | (1) |
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Motivational Scaffolding Strategies in the Opening Stage |
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127 | (2) |
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Motivational Scaffolding Strategies in the Teaching Stage |
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129 | (15) |
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Motivational Scaffolding Strategies in the Closing Stage |
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144 | (1) |
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Conclusions and Implications for Tutor Training |
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145 | (3) |
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8 Case Study: A Writing Center Tutor Becomes a Writing Fellow |
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148 | (26) |
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Quantitative Analysis: Frequencies of Tutoring Strategies in Four Conferences |
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151 | (10) |
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Close Analysis: Conferencing as a Writing Center Tutor versus Conferencing as a Writing Fellow |
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161 | (6) |
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Qualitative Results: Close Analysis of Conferencing with Unfamiliar versus Familiar Students |
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167 | (3) |
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Conclusions and Implications for Tutor (and Fellow) Training |
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170 | (4) |
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9 Talk about Writing: A Conclusion to Our Empirical Study |
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174 | (15) |
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Goal #1 for TAW, 2nd edition: Creating a Coding Scheme That Can Be Useful for Other Researchers |
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174 | (3) |
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Goal #2 for TAW, 2nd edition: Analyzing Tutor Talk in Order to Facilitate Tutor Training |
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177 | (1) |
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Goal #3 for TAW, 2nd edition: Extending Our Discussion of Coding |
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177 | (1) |
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Analysis at the Macrolevel: Conference Stages |
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178 | (1) |
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Analysis at the Microlevel: Tutoring Strategies |
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178 | (6) |
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Future Research on Talk about Writing |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (4) |
Appendix A Conducting a Conference with a Student |
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189 | (3) |
Appendix B "Notes for Students" Form and Instructions |
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192 | (2) |
Appendix C The T5-S5 Conference Coded for Stages, Topic Episodes, and Strategies |
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194 | (6) |
Appendix D Extra Examples of Tutoring Strategies |
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200 | (4) |
Appendix E Questions Coding Scheme |
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204 | (3) |
References |
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207 | (15) |
Index |
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222 | |