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15 | (4) |
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2 Pragmatics: The lay of the land |
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19 | (10) |
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2.1 The content of pragmatics: Speech acts et al |
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20 | (2) |
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2.2 Context in pragmatics |
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22 | (2) |
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2.3 What language users know: Sociopragmatic and pragmalinguistic knowledge |
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24 | (2) |
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2.4 Applied pragmatics: Cross-cultural and interlanguage pragmatics |
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26 | (3) |
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3 Interlanguage pragmatics and pragmatic development |
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29 | (16) |
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3.1 Research designs and instruments |
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29 | (6) |
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3.1.1 Receptive research instruments |
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30 | (3) |
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3.1.2 Productive research instruments |
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33 | (2) |
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3.2 Developmental trajectories |
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35 | (4) |
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35 | (2) |
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3.2.2 Implicature, routine formulae and Indexicals |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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3.3 Individual differences and development of L2 pragmatics |
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39 | (6) |
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4 Testing second language pragmatics |
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45 | (14) |
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4.1 The ancestors: Early functional orientation |
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45 | (1) |
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4.2 The first generation: Speech acts |
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46 | (3) |
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4.3 The second generation: Broadening the construct |
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49 | (2) |
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4.4 Third generation: Interaction |
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51 | (1) |
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4.5 Testing for research purposes |
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52 | (1) |
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4.6 Issues in testing L2 pragmatics |
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53 | (6) |
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4.6.1 Inferences, practicality, context |
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53 | (2) |
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4.6.2 The native speaker standard, or: benchmarking in the age of lingua franca |
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55 | (4) |
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5 Validity and Validation |
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59 | (12) |
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5.1 The argument-based approach to validity |
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60 | (3) |
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5.2 Validity and validation in tests of L2 pragmatics |
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63 | (2) |
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5.3 A validity argument for a test of ESL sociopragmatic knowledge |
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65 | (6) |
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5.3.1 From target domain to observation: Domain Description |
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66 | (1) |
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5.3.2 From observation to observed score: Evaluation (Scoring) |
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67 | (1) |
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5.3.3 From observed score to universe score: Generalization |
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68 | (1) |
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5.3.4 From universe score to construct: Explanation |
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68 | (1) |
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5.3.5 From construct to target score: Extrapolation |
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69 | (1) |
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5.3.6 From target score to test use: Utilization |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (36) |
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73 | (4) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (13) |
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79 | (4) |
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83 | (2) |
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7.4.3 Test administration |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (4) |
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92 | (3) |
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95 | (14) |
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95 | (6) |
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7.6.2 Interlanguage pragmatics test |
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101 | (2) |
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7.6.3 Test administration |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (34) |
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109 | (5) |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (4) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (17) |
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123 | (1) |
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8.6.1.1 Native speakers and non-native speakers |
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123 | (2) |
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8.6.1.2 Effect of proficiency and exposure |
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125 | (6) |
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8.6.2 Test-internal analyses |
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131 | (1) |
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8.6.2.1 Section correlations |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (5) |
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137 | (1) |
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8.6.4 Qualitative validation: Dialog Choice |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (3) |
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143 | (22) |
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9.1 The validity argument |
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143 | (17) |
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143 | (2) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (7) |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (3) |
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158 | (1) |
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9.1.7 Overall evaluation of the test |
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159 | (1) |
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9.2 The validity argument: structure or straitjacket? |
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160 | (1) |
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9.3 Proficiency, sociopragmatics and pragmalinguistics |
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161 | (4) |
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10 Conclusion and outlook |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (14) |
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181 | |
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12.1 Appendix 1: Scoring Guide for the pilot test |
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181 | (1) |
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12.2 Appendix 2: Scoring guide for the main test |
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182 | |