Preface |
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iii | |
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ix | |
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xi | |
Summary |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxv | |
Abbreviations |
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xxvii | |
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1 | (2) |
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Understanding the Encroachment Threat |
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3 | (16) |
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How Encroachment Affects Military Readiness |
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3 | (8) |
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A Range of Encroachment Issues Affect Installations |
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3 | (4) |
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Encroachment Is a Significant Problem for Military Installations |
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7 | (4) |
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Understanding the Fundamental Causes of Most Encroachment |
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11 | (8) |
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The Spread of Suburban and Rural Sprawl |
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11 | (1) |
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Causes of Suburban and Rural Sprawl |
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12 | (1) |
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Increase in Retirement Communities |
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12 | (2) |
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More Resort and Vacation Home Developments |
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14 | (1) |
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Declining U.S. Biodiversity |
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15 | (2) |
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Encroachment Is Increasing |
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17 | (2) |
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How Encroachment Is Being Addressed |
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19 | (18) |
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DoD's Activities to Address Encroachment |
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19 | (13) |
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OSD's Sustainable Ranges Initiative |
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19 | (2) |
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OSD's Readiness and Environmental Protection Initiative |
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21 | (2) |
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Other DoD-Wide Programs and Activities That Help Address Encroachment |
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23 | (2) |
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Service Programs to Address Encroachment |
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25 | (7) |
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Other Organizations' Activities to Address the Fundamental Causes of Encroachment |
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32 | (5) |
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Land Trusts, Environmental Groups, and Other NGOs |
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33 | (1) |
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State and Local Governments |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (1) |
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Methodology and Criteria for Assessing the Accomplishments of the Buffering Activities |
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37 | (8) |
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37 | (3) |
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37 | (1) |
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The Case Studies Examined in Depth |
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37 | (2) |
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Other Case Studies and Expert Interviews |
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39 | (1) |
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Analysis of Trends in Land and Conservation Easement Values |
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39 | (1) |
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Criteria for Assessing the Effectiveness of the Conservation Partnering Projects |
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40 | (4) |
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Promoting Military Readiness and Other Mission Benefits |
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40 | (1) |
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Addressing Sprawl and Limiting Other Incompatible Land Use |
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41 | (1) |
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Preserving Habitat and Other Environmental Benefits |
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42 | (1) |
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Fostering Community Relations and Partnership Benefits |
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43 | (1) |
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Promoting Additional Community Benefits |
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43 | (1) |
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Criteria for Examining the Efficiency of the Conservation Partnering Projects and Program |
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44 | (1) |
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Assessing Accomplishments Across All the Buffering Projects |
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45 | (34) |
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Effectiveness of the Buffering Projects |
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45 | (20) |
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Promoting Military Readiness and Other Mission Benefits |
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46 | (4) |
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Addressing Sprawl and Limiting Other Incompatible Land Use |
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50 | (4) |
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Preserving Habitat and Other Environmental Benefits |
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54 | (5) |
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Fostering Community Relations and Partnership Benefits |
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59 | (3) |
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Promoting Additional Community Benefits |
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62 | (3) |
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Efficiency of the Buffering Projects |
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65 | (12) |
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Financial and Other Resource Issues |
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66 | (7) |
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73 | (2) |
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Policy Implementation Guidance |
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75 | (1) |
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Project Oversight, Reporting, and Monitoring Requirements |
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75 | (2) |
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Conclusions: REPI Shows Promise |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (16) |
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The Fundamental Causes of Encroachment Problems Need to Be Addressed |
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79 | (1) |
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Sprawl and the Loss of Biodiversity Cause Most Encroachment Problems |
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79 | (1) |
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DoD Needs to Address the Fundamental Causes of Encroachment Strategically |
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80 | (1) |
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Urgency for Action: Buffer Before It Is Too Late |
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80 | (4) |
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Significant Buffering Investments Made Now Will Save Money in the Long Run |
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81 | (2) |
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OSD and Service Support Is Critical |
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83 | (1) |
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Local Government Support Is Useful, But Installations Cannot Rely on It for the Long Term |
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84 | (1) |
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Program Needs More Policy Guidance and Focus |
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84 | (1) |
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A Range of Financial Issues Need to Be Addressed for Long-Term Success |
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85 | (2) |
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Increased Financial Support Is Needed for REPI and Service Buffering Programs |
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85 | (1) |
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REPI Needs to Have Multilayer Funds for Buffering Projects |
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86 | (1) |
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State and Local Governments Need to Be Encouraged to Fund More Land Conservation Programs |
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86 | (1) |
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Other Federal Funding Sources Need to Be Leveraged More |
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86 | (1) |
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An Overfocus on Cost Efficiency Can Harm Program Effectiveness |
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87 | (1) |
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More Funding Is Needed for Strategic Analyses and Partnerships |
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87 | (1) |
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The Implementation Process Requires Improvement |
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87 | (2) |
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Development of Partnerships and Working with Partners |
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89 | (2) |
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Projects Leverage Diverse Partners for Different Buffering Needs |
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89 | (1) |
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Cooperative Agreements Are a More Effective and Efficient Approach to Buffering |
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90 | (1) |
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Community Relations and Outreach Are Critical to Success |
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91 | (1) |
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More Successful Projects Have Built Long-Term Positive Relationships with the Community |
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91 | (1) |
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Outreach Takes a Large Amount of Time and Effort |
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91 | (1) |
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Program Needs More Staffing and Management |
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92 | (1) |
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More Information Sharing and Technical Support Are Needed |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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Recommendations to Improve Military Conservation Buffering |
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95 | (120) |
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DoD Should Strategically Address Both Fundamental Causes of Encroachment |
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95 | (1) |
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Urgency for Action: OSD and Services Should Invest More Resources |
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96 | (1) |
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DoD Should Not Assume That Zoning Will Solve Encroachment Problems |
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97 | (1) |
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Improving Program Policy Guidance and Focus |
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97 | (2) |
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Addressing Financial Issues |
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99 | (2) |
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Improving the Buffering Implementation Process |
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101 | (1) |
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Developing Partnerships and Working with Partners |
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102 | (1) |
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Improving Community Relations and Outreach |
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103 | (1) |
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Addressing Staffing and Management Issues |
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103 | (1) |
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Improving Information Sharing and Technical Assistance |
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104 | (3) |
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A. The Importance of Biodiversity |
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107 | (4) |
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B. An Assessment of Eglin AFB's Buffering Activities |
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111 | (18) |
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C. An Assessment of Fort Carson's Buffering Activities |
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129 | (14) |
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D. An Assessment of Fort Stewart's Buffering Activities |
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143 | (16) |
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E. An Assessment of MCAS Beaufort's Buffering Activities |
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159 | (16) |
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F. An Assessment of NAS Fallon's Buffering Activities |
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175 | (14) |
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G. An Assessment of NAS Whiting Field's Buffering Activities |
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189 | (12) |
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H. Background Information on Selected Buffering Projects |
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201 | (10) |
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I. The Land Price Trend Analysis |
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211 | (4) |
Bibliography |
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215 | |