| Acknowledgements |
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xi | |
| Introduction |
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1 | (5) |
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Preliminaries to translation as a process |
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6 | (9) |
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6 | (1) |
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Inter-semiotic translation |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (5) |
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Practical 1.1 Intralingual translation: `Today I attempted' |
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12 | (1) |
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Practical 1.2 Gist translation: |
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13 | (2) |
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Preliminaries to translation as a product |
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15 | (14) |
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Degrees of freedom in translation |
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15 | (3) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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Communicative translation |
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17 | (1) |
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From interlinear to free translation |
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17 | (1) |
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Equivalence and translation loss |
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18 | (11) |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Controlling translation loss |
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25 | (1) |
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Practical 2.1 Literal vs balanced translation: |
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25 | (2) |
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Practical 2.2 Degrees of freedom in translation: |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (11) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (3) |
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Communicative translation |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (5) |
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Practical 3.1 Cultural transposition: |
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36 | (2) |
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Practical 3.2 Cultural transposition: |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (12) |
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40 | (4) |
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Categories of compensation |
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44 | (8) |
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Practical 4.1 Compensation: |
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49 | (2) |
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Practical 4.2 Compensation: |
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51 | (1) |
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Denotative meaning and translation issues |
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52 | (14) |
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52 | (7) |
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52 | (2) |
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54 | (2) |
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Particularizing translation and generalizing translation |
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56 | (1) |
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Partially overlapping translation |
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57 | (2) |
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Semantic repetition in Arabic |
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59 | (7) |
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Other forms of parallelism |
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62 | (1) |
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Practical 5.1 Denotative meaning: |
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63 | (1) |
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Practical 5.2 Denotative meaning and semantic repetition: |
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64 | (2) |
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Connotative meaning and translation issues |
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66 | (14) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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Collocation and collocative meaning |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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Other types of connotative meaning |
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73 | (7) |
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Practical 6.1 Collocation: (a) |
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74 | (1) |
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Practical 6.2 Collocation: (b) |
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75 | (1) |
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Practical 6.3 Connotative meaning: |
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75 | (2) |
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Introduction to the formal properties of texts |
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77 | (3) |
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Phonic/graphic and prosodic issues in translation |
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80 | (16) |
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80 | (6) |
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Alliteration, assonance, and rhyme |
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81 | (4) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (10) |
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Rudiments of English and Arabic versification |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (2) |
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Practical 7.1 The phonic/graphic and prosodic levels: |
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93 | (2) |
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Practical 7.2 The phonic/graphic level: |
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95 | (1) |
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Grammatical issues in translation |
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96 | (17) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (17) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (3) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (3) |
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103 | (5) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (1) |
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Practical 8.1 Lexical item and other forms of repetition: |
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112 | (1) |
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Sentential issues in translation |
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113 | (14) |
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113 | (1) |
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Textual variables on the sentential level |
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114 | (13) |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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Basic theme-rheme translation issues |
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119 | (1) |
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Foregrounding and backgrounding |
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119 | (2) |
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Interaction of theme-rheme and main-subordinate elements |
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121 | (3) |
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Translation of Arabic coordinate clauses |
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124 | (1) |
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Practical 9.1 Theme and rheme, and mainnes and subordination: |
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125 | (1) |
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Practical 9.2 Theme and rheme, mainness and subordination, coordination: |
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126 | (1) |
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Discourse and intertextual issues in translation |
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127 | (19) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (11) |
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128 | (8) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (8) |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (1) |
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Practical 10.1 The discourse level: cohesive-device revision of |
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142 | (2) |
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Practical 10.2 The discourse level: |
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144 | (2) |
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146 | (16) |
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146 | (1) |
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General definition of metaphor |
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147 | (3) |
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Lexicalized metaphor and non-lexicalized metaphor |
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147 | (2) |
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Categories of lexicalized metaphor |
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149 | (1) |
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Categories of non-lexicalized metaphor |
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149 | (1) |
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Basic translation techniques for metaphor |
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150 | (5) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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Non-lexicalized (conventionalized and original) metaphors |
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152 | (3) |
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Extended and mixed metaphors |
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155 | (3) |
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158 | (4) |
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Practical 11.1 Metaphor downtoning: |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (1) |
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Language variety and translation: register, sociolect and dialect |
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162 | (13) |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (3) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (3) |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (6) |
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Practical 12.1 Tonal register: |
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172 | (1) |
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Practical 12.2 Code-switching: |
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173 | (2) |
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Textual genre as a factor in translation |
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175 | (9) |
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175 | (3) |
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Treatment of subject matter |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (5) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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Translating technical texts |
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184 | (12) |
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184 | (1) |
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Lexical problems in technical translation |
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184 | (4) |
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Conceptual problems in technical translation |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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Generic features of English technical texts |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (4) |
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Practical 14.1 Translation of technical terms: |
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193 | (1) |
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Practical 14.2 Technical translation: |
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194 | (2) |
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Translating constitutional texts |
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196 | (11) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (7) |
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196 | (4) |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (2) |
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Salient linguistic features of the main text |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (4) |
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Practical 15.1 Constitutional translation: |
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203 | (2) |
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Practical 15.2 Constitutional translation: |
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205 | (2) |
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Translating consumer-oriented texts |
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207 | (10) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (3) |
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English-language tourist material |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (2) |
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210 | (2) |
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Genre-mixing in consumer-oriented texts |
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212 | (5) |
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Practical 16.1 Translation of consumer-oriented texts: consideration of `Fez has a lot to be proud of' ST and |
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213 | (2) |
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Practical 16.2 Translation of consumer-oriented texts: |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (11) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (3) |
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221 | (7) |
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Practical 17.1 Revising and editing: |
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223 | (2) |
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Practical 17.2 Revising and editing: |
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225 | (3) |
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228 | (4) |
| Glossary |
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232 | (12) |
| References |
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244 | (6) |
| Index |
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250 | |
