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List of Tables and Figures |
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xi | |
Preface to the Perennial Edition |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgements |
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xvii | |
Prologue: Prudence and Profligacy |
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1 | (6) |
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PART ONE A THEORY OF ECOLOGICAL HISTORY |
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7 | (52) |
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1 Habitats in Human History |
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9 | (50) |
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Modes of Production and Modes of Resource Use |
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9 | (3) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (8) |
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20 | (3) |
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23 | (3) |
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26 | (8) |
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34 | (12) |
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Conflict Between and Within Modes |
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46 | (4) |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (5) |
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Appendix: Note on Population |
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57 | (2) |
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PART TWO TOWARDS A CULTURAL ECOLOGY OF PRE-MODERN INDIA |
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59 | (38) |
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61 | (18) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (4) |
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66 | (1) |
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River-valley Civilizations |
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67 | (4) |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (3) |
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76 | (3) |
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79 | (18) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (9) |
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An Eclectic Belief System |
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89 | (3) |
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The Village and the State |
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92 | (3) |
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95 | (2) |
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PART THREE ECOLOGICAL CHANGE AND SOCIAL CONFLICT IN MODERN INDIA |
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97 | (120) |
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99 | (29) |
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Colonialism as an Ecological Watershed |
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102 | (2) |
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The Early Onslaught on Forests |
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104 | (4) |
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An Early Environment Debate |
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108 | (10) |
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118 | (5) |
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The Balance Sheet of Colonial Forestry |
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123 | (5) |
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5 The Fight for the Forest |
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128 | (31) |
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Hunter-gatherers: The Decline Towards Extinction |
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129 | (3) |
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The `Problem' of Shifting Cultivation |
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132 | (7) |
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Settled Cultivators and the State |
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139 | (5) |
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Everyday Forms of Resistance: The Case of Jaunsar Bawar |
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144 | (6) |
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The Decline of the Artisanal Industry |
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150 | (3) |
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153 | (6) |
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The Social Idiom of Protest |
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153 | (2) |
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The Mechanisms of Protest |
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155 | (4) |
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159 | (30) |
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Two Versions of Progress: Gandhi and the Modernizers |
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159 | (4) |
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Forests and Industrialization: Four Stages |
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163 | (7) |
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The Balance Sheet of Industrial Forestry |
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170 | (3) |
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Sequential Exploitation: A Process Whereby a Whole Flock of Geese Laying Golden Eggs is Massacred One by One |
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173 | (9) |
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The Profligacy of Scientific Forestry |
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182 | (7) |
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7 Competing Claims on the Commons |
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189 | (21) |
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191 | (1) |
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The Continuing `Problem' of Shifting Cultivation |
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192 | (3) |
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The Changing Ecology of Settled Agriculture |
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195 | (6) |
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Claiming a Share of the Profits |
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201 | (3) |
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Wild Life Conservation: Animals Versus Humans? |
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204 | (3) |
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The Changing Profile of Forest Conflicts |
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207 | (3) |
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210 | (7) |
Bibliography |
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217 | (18) |
Index |
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235 | |