Contributors |
|
ix | |
Foreword |
|
xi | |
Acknowledgements |
|
xiii | |
|
Abbreviations |
|
xv | |
Introduction |
|
xvii | |
Significance of Tick-borne Diseases |
|
xvii | |
|
|
Geographic Scope |
|
xviii | |
Methods Used for the Systematic Review of the Literature |
|
xviii | |
Identification Methods for Tick Species, Including the Most Recent Advanced Techniques and their Limitations |
|
xxi | |
|
1 Emerging (Re-emerging) Tick-borne Infections and the Dissemination of Ticks |
|
|
1 | (5) |
|
|
|
2 Basic Biology and Geographical Distribution of Tick Species Involved in the Transmission of Animal Pathogens, Including Zoonoses |
|
|
6 | (21) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.1 Soft Ticks (Argasidae) |
|
|
6 | (5) |
|
2.2 Hard Ticks (Ixodidae) |
|
|
11 | (16) |
|
3 Factors Influencing the Spread and Distribution of Ticks |
|
|
27 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
|
29 | (4) |
|
4 Tick-borne Infections (Including Zoonoses) in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin |
|
|
33 | (43) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33 | (3) |
|
4.2 Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
4.3 Tick-borne Encephalitis Group |
|
|
37 | (2) |
|
|
39 | (4) |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
|
44 | (7) |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
4.8 Recurrent (Relapsing) Fever |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (3) |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
4.11 Other Potentially Tick-borne Infections |
|
|
57 | (19) |
|
5 Maps of Reported Occurrence of Tick-borne Pathogens |
|
|
76 | (13) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
5.2 Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
5.3 Tick-borne Encephalitis Group Viruses |
|
|
78 | (2) |
|
5.4 Anaplasmoses and Ehrlichioses |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
|
86 | (3) |
|
6 Maps of Reported Occurrence of Ticks |
|
|
89 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
6.1 Soft Ticks (Argasidae), Genus Ornithodoros |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
6.2 Hard Ticks (Ixodidae) |
|
|
90 | (8) |
|
7 Surveillance and Control Measures |
|
|
98 | (19) |
|
|
|
|
7.1 Introduction to Surveillance and its Aim |
|
|
98 | (6) |
|
7.2 Control Options for Hard Ticks |
|
|
104 | (6) |
|
7.3 Control Possibilities for Soft Ticks |
|
|
110 | (7) |
|
|
115 | (2) |
|
|
|
Appendix 1 Tables of Geographic Distribution Data for Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases |
|
|
117 | (155) |
|
Table A1.1 Geographic distribution data for African swine fever virus (ASFV) |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
Table A1.2 Geographic distribution data for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) |
|
|
118 | (2) |
|
Table A1.3 Geographic distribution data for the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) group |
|
|
120 | (5) |
|
Table A1.4 Geographic distribution data for Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. now included in Anaplasma spp. |
|
|
125 | (9) |
|
Table A1.5 Geographic distribution data for Rickettsia spp. |
|
|
134 | (5) |
|
Table A1.6 Geographic distribution data for Borrelia spp. |
|
|
139 | (20) |
|
Table A1.7 Geographic distribution data for Babesia spp. |
|
|
159 | (7) |
|
Table A1.8 Geographic distribution data for Theileria spp. |
|
|
166 | (2) |
|
Table A1.9 Geographic distribution data for equine piroplasmoses |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
Table A1.10 Geographic distribution data for Bartonella spp. |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
Table A1.11 Geographic distribution data for Francisella tularensis |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
Table A1.12 Geographic distribution data for Coxiella burnetii |
|
|
171 | (3) |
|
Table A1.13 Geographic distribution data for Ornithodoros spp. |
|
|
174 | (2) |
|
Table A1.14 Geographic distribution data for Ixodes ricinus |
|
|
176 | (25) |
|
Table A1.15 Geographic distribution data for Haemaphysalis punctata |
|
|
201 | (4) |
|
Table A1.16 Geographic distribution data for Haemaphysalis concinna |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
Table A1.17 Geographic distribution data for Haemaphysalis inermis |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
Table A1.18 Geographic distribution data for Hyalomma marginatum |
|
|
206 | (7) |
|
Table A1.19 Geographic distribution data for Rhipicephalus sanguineus group (Rh. sanguineus and Rh. turanicus) |
|
|
213 | (24) |
|
Table A1.20 Geographic distribution data for Rhipicephalus bursa |
|
|
237 | (7) |
|
Table A1.21 Geographic distribution data for Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus |
|
|
244 | (2) |
|
Table A1.22 Geographic distribution data for Dermacentor marginatus |
|
|
246 | (6) |
|
Table A1.23 Geographic distribution data for Dermacentor reticulatus |
|
|
252 | (3) |
|
Table A1.24 Data from serological surveillance of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in domestic animals |
|
|
255 | (3) |
|
Table A1.25 Geographic distribution data for Rickettsia spp. |
|
|
258 | (14) |
|
Appendix 2 List (By ID Number) of References from which Geographic Data Were Extracted (hosted on http://www.cabi.org/resources/tatbd) |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
Appendix 3 List of Scientific Papers That Could Not Be Retrieved (hosted on http://www.cabi.org/resources/tatbd) |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
Appendix 4 Keys for Genera and Species of Ticks in the Mediterranean Basin |
|
|
273 | (16) |
Index |
|
289 | |