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Time and the Generations: Population Ethics for a Diminishing Planet [Kietas viršelis]

  • Formatas: Hardback, 344 pages, aukštis x plotis: 229x152 mm, 9 figures
  • Serija: Kenneth J. Arrow Lecture Series
  • Išleidimo metai: 25-Jun-2019
  • Leidėjas: Columbia University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0231160127
  • ISBN-13: 9780231160124
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Hardback, 344 pages, aukštis x plotis: 229x152 mm, 9 figures
  • Serija: Kenneth J. Arrow Lecture Series
  • Išleidimo metai: 25-Jun-2019
  • Leidėjas: Columbia University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0231160127
  • ISBN-13: 9780231160124
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Time and the Generations blends economics, philosophy, and ecology to offer an original lens on the difficult topic of global population. Partha Dasgupta provides tentative answers to two fundamental questions: What level of economic activity can our planet support over the long run, and what does the answer say about optimum population numbers?

How should we evaluate the ethics of procreation, especially the environmental consequences of reproductive decisions on future generations, in a resource-constrained world? While demographers, moral philosophers, and environmental scientists have separately discussed the implications of population size for sustainability, no one has attempted to synthesize the concerns and values of these approaches. The culmination of a half century of engagement with population ethics, Partha Dasgupta’s masterful Time and the Generations blends economics, philosophy, and ecology to offer an original lens on the difficult topic of optimum global population.

After offering careful attention to global inequality and the imbalance of power between men and women, Dasgupta provides tentative answers to two fundamental questions: What level of economic activity can our planet support over the long run, and what does the answer say about optimum population numbers? He develops a population ethics that can be used to evaluate our choices and guide our sense of a sustainable global population and living standards. Structured around a central essay from Dasgupta, the book also features a foreword from Robert Solow; correspondence with Kenneth Arrow; incisive commentaries from Joseph Stiglitz, Eric Maskin, and Scott Barrett; an extended response by the author to them; and a joint paper with Aisha Dasgupta on inequalities in reproductive decisions and the idea of reproductive rights. Taken together, Time and the Generations represents a fascinating dialogue between world-renowned economists on a central issue of our time.

Recenzijos

With this wonderfully wide-ranging, brilliant, and generous book, Partha Dasgupta joins his admired mentor, Kenneth Arrow, in the elite band of economists who have appreciated and contributed to the philosophical underpinnings of their subject. The relationship goes both ways, for by bringing in an economists sense of ecological and biological realities, he is able to modify and transcend the contributions of philosophers such as Mill, Sidgwick, Ramsey, Rawls, and Parfit. The result is an astonishing monument to a lifetime of hard thought about population, sustainability, savings, and human welfare. -- Simon Blackburn, Bertrand Russell Professor Emeritus of Philosophy and fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge In recent decades, weve seen human impacts on the biosphere surge far beyond sustainable levels, raising deeply vexing questions about the path ahead. With intellectual elegance and insight, Dasgupta delves into the moral, economic, and environmental dimensions of global population and living standards. This rigorous book opens a normative approach to the fraught choices confronting all of us. -- Gretchen Daily, Bing Professor of Environmental Science, Stanford University What a book! Written with pellucid refinement and compelling responsibility, it incisively appraises humankinds numbers in tandem with assessments of ecology, time, personal decisions, and varied social and economic circumstances. Composed at the frontiers of norms and methods, philosophy and economics, demography and social analysis, Time and the Generations offers a systematic and bracing homage to heterodox reason in the spirit of Kenneth Arrow. -- Ira Katznelson, Ruggles Professor of Political Science and History, Columbia University A brilliant and original analysis of the population-consumption-environment nexus that will determine the quality of human futures on this troubled planet. This book will set the standard with which future discussions on this vital subject are conducted. -- Peter H. Raven, president emeritus, Missouri Botanical Garden Time and the Generations is a fascinating and enlightening work. Partha Dasgupta and his interlocutors have created a captivating and challenging book. -- Menahem Yaari, S.A. Schonbrunn Professor Emeritus of Mathematical Economics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem [ Dasgupta] uses unique and original analysis of the link between environment, population and material consumption. * Choice * An excellent work. * Quarterly Review of Biology *

In Memoriam: Kenneth Joseph Arrow (1921--2017) xi
Foreword xix
Robert M. Solow
Preface xxvii
Random Thoughts on "Birth and Death," xli
Kenneth J. Arrow
Birth And Death: Arrow Lecture 1(1)
1 Economic Demography
2(5)
2 Utilitarian Ethics
7(2)
3 Ends and Means
9(16)
Capital Goods
10(4)
Inclusive Wealth and Social Well-Being
14(7)
Placing a Value on Opportunity Sets
21(4)
4 Synopsis
25(11)
The Genesis Problem and Actual Problems
25(5)
The Biosphere as a Commodity
30(1)
Common-Property Resources and Fertility Intentions
31(1)
Our Impact on the Biosphere
32(4)
Part I Foundations
5 Genesis Under Total Utilitarianism
36(25)
Production and Consumption Possibilities
36(3)
Social Well-Being and the Sidgwick-Meade Rule
39(2)
Measurability, Comparability, and the Aggregation of Personal Weil-Beings
41(2)
Zero Well-Being
43(2)
Optimum Population Size
45(8)
Critical-Level Utilitarianism
53(1)
Socially Embedded Well-Being
54(3)
Non-Archimedean Intuitions and Non-Additive Social Well-Being Functions
57(4)
6 Death
61(4)
7 A Problem Like Sleeping Beauty
65(4)
Imperatives
66(2)
Wider Cases
68(1)
8 Generation-Centered Prerogatives in the Timeless World
69(8)
The Two-Stage Decision
70(2)
Reproductive Replacement
72(2)
Coherence
74(3)
9 Generations Across the Indefinite Future
77(18)
Discounting Future Generations
79(7)
Dynastic Well-Being
86(2)
Overlapping Generations
88(3)
Generation-Relative Utilitarianism
91(1)
Intergenerational Consistency
92(1)
The Stationary Optimum
93(2)
Extreme Theories
95(1)
Part II Applications
10 The Biosphere as a Renewable Natural Resource
95(11)
Open-Access Resources
96(1)
Ecosystem Services
97(3)
Erosion of Natural Capital
100(4)
Global Ecological Footprint
104(2)
11 Estimates of Globally Optimum Population
106(6)
Earth's Human Carrying Capacity
107(2)
Parameter Values
109(1)
Sensitivity Analysis
110(2)
12 Technology and Institutions
112(4)
13 Existential Risks and Informed Ends
116(5)
APPENDIX ONE
121(2)
Socially-Embedded Well-Being Functions
121(2)
APPENDIX TWO
123(4)
Common Property Resources and Reproductive Choices
123(1)
Decentralizing Population Optima
124(1)
Open-Access Resources and Population Overshoot
125(2)
APPENDIX THREE
127(12)
Notes on Rawls' Principle of Just Saving
127(1)
Parental Motivations
128(5)
Inclusive Wealth as Rawlsian Primary Goods
133(2)
Wealth and Materialism
135(4)
APPENDIX FOUR
139(12)
Modeling the Biosphere
139(1)
Pure Resources
139(4)
Prototype Capital Model
143(1)
Population Size as Choice
144(3)
Birth Rate as Choice
147(1)
Qualifications and Extensions
148(3)
APPENDIX FIVE
151(12)
Inclusive Wealth and Social Well-Being
151(4)
Two Types of Change
155(2)
Policy Analysis
157(1)
Sustainability Analysis
158(1)
Inclusive Wealth and Substitutability of Capital Goods
159(1)
GDP and the Short Run
160(3)
APPENDIX SIX
163(4)
Valuing Freedom of Choice
163(4)
References 167(18)
Commentary on Birth and Death 185(8)
Scott Barrett
Commentary on Birth and Death 193(6)
Eric Maskin
Commentary on Birth and Death 199(8)
Joseph Stiglitz
Response to Commentaries 207(14)
Epilogue 221(4)
Socially Embedded Preferences, Environmental Externalities, and Reproductive Rights, with Aisha Dasgupta---Reprinted from Population and Development Review (September 2017) 225(48)
Contributors 273(1)
Author Index 274(6)
Subject Index 280
Partha Dasgupta is Frank Ramsey Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of Cambridge; a fellow of St Johns College, Cambridge; and visiting professor at the New College of the Humanities, London. His books include Human Well-Being and the Natural Environment (2001) and Economics: A Very Short Introduction (2007).