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Tissue Engineering II: Basics of Tissue Engineering and Tissue Applications 2007 ed. [Kietas viršelis]

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  • Formatas: Hardback, 336 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x155 mm, weight: 758 g, 5 Illustrations, color; 56 Illustrations, black and white; XIV, 336 p. 61 illus., 5 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Serija: Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology 103
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Nov-2006
  • Leidėjas: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3540361855
  • ISBN-13: 9783540361855
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Tissue Engineering II: Basics of Tissue Engineering and Tissue Applications 2007 ed.Didesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 336 pages, aukštis x plotis: 235x155 mm, weight: 758 g, 5 Illustrations, color; 56 Illustrations, black and white; XIV, 336 p. 61 illus., 5 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Serija: Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology 103
  • Išleidimo metai: 14-Nov-2006
  • Leidėjas: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3540361855
  • ISBN-13: 9783540361855
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9783540361855.html
Raktažodžiai:
It is our pleasure to present this special volume on tissue engineering in the series Advances in Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology. Thisvolume re ects the emergence of tissue engineering as a core discipline of modern biomedical engineering, and recognizes the growing synergies between the technological developments in biotechnology and biomedicine. Along this vein, the focusof thisvolume istoprovide abiotechnology driven perspective on cell engineering fundamentals while highlighting their signi cance in p- ducing functional tissues. Our aim is to present an overview of the state of the art of a selection of these technologies, punctuated with current applications in the research and development of cell-based therapies for human disease. To prepare this volume, we have solicited contributions from leaders and experts in their respective ?elds, ranging from biomaterials and bioreactors to gene delivery and metabolic engineering. Particular emphasis was placed on including reviews that discuss various aspects of the biochemical p- cesses underlying cell function, such as signaling, growth, differentiation, and communication. The reviews of research topics cover two main areas: cel- lar and non-cellular components and assembly; evaluation and optimization of tissue function; and integrated reactor or implant system development for research and clinical applications. Many of the reviews illustrate how bioche- cal engineering methods are used to produce and characterize novel materials (e. g. genetically engineered natural polymers, synthetic scaffolds with ce- type speci c attachment sites or inductive factors), whose unique properties enable increased levels of control over tissue development and architecture.

With contributions by numerous experts

Daugiau informacijos

Also available online
Controlling Tissue Microenvironments: Biomimetics, Transport Phenomena, and Reacting Systems
R.J. Fisher, R.A. Peattie
1
1 Introduction
3
1.1 Overview and Motivation
3
1.2 Background and Approach
4
2 Tissue Microenvironments
6
2.1 Specifying Performance Criteria
6
2.2 Estimating Tissue Function
6
2.2.1 Blood Microenvironment
6
2.2.2 Bone Marrow Microenvironment
7
2.3 Communication
8
2.3.1 Cellular Communication Within Tissues
8
2.3.2 Soluble Growth Factors
9
2.3.3 Direct Cell-to-Cell Contact
9
2.3.4 Extracellular Matrix and Cell-Tissue Interactions
10
2.3.5 Communication with the Whole Body Environment
11
2.4 Cellularity
12
2.5 Dynamics
13
2.6 Geometry
14
2.7 System Interactions
14
2.7.1 Compartmental Analysis
15
2.7.2 Blood-Brain Barrier
26
2.7.3 Cell Culture Analog (CCA): Animal Surrogate System
28
3 Biomimetics
30
3.1 Fundamentals of Biomimicry
30
3.1.1 Morphology and Properties Development
31
3.1.2 Molecular Engineering
31
3.1.3 Biotechnology and Engineering Biosciences
32
3.2 Biomimetic Membranes: Ion Transport
32
3.2.1 Active Transport Biomimetics
33
3.2.2 Facilitated Transport via Fixed Carriers
34
3.2.3 Facilitated Transport via Mobile Carriers
34
3.3 Biomimetic Reactors
35
3.3.1 Uncoupling Mass Transfer Resistances
35
3.3.2 Pharmacokinetics and CCA Systems
35
3.4 Electron Transfer Chain Biomimetics
37
3.4.1 Mimicry of In Vivo Coenzyme Regeneration
37
3.4.2 Electro-Enzymatic Membrane Bioreactors
38
3.5 Biomimicry and the Vascular System
38
3.5.1 Hollow Fiber Systems
39
3.5.2 Pulsatile Flow in Biomimetic Blood Vessels
40
3.5.3 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Emulation
43
3.5.4 Stimulation of Angiogenesis with Biomimetic Implants
45
4 Transport Phenomena
46
4.1 Mass Transfer
47
4.1.1 Membrane Physical Parameters
49
4.1.2 Permeability
49
4.1.3 Dextran Diffusivity
50
4.1.4 Marker Molecule Diffusivity
51
4.1.5 Interpreting Experimental Results
53
4.2 Heat Transfer
53
4.2.1 Models of Perfused Tissues: Continuum Approach
54
4.2.2 Alternative Approaches
55
4.3 Momentum Transfer
56
5 Reacting Systems
58
5.1 Metabolic Pathway Studies: Emulating Enzymatic Reactions
58
5.2 Bioreactors
61
5.2.1 Reactor Types
61
5.2.2 Design of Microreactors
63
5.2.3 Scale-up
64
5.2.4 Performance and Operational Maps
64
5.3 Integrated Systems
65
6 Capstone Illustration: Control of Hormone Diseases via Tissue Therapy
66
6.1 Selection of Diabetes as Representative Case Study
66
6.2 Encapsulation Motif: Specifications and Design
67
References
70
Perfusion Effects and Hydrodynamics
R.A. Peattie, R.J. Fisher
75
1 Introduction
76
1.1 Overview and Motivation
76
1.2 Background and Approach
79
2 Elements of Theoretical Hydrodynamics
79
2.1 Mathematical Preliminaries
80
2.2 Elements of Continuum Mechanics
83
2.2.1 Constitutive Equations
86
2.2.2 Conservation (Field) Equations
88
2.2.3 Turbulence and Instabilities
92
2.3 Flow in Tubes
96
2.3.1 Steady Poiseuille Flow
97
2.3.2 Entrance Flow
102
2.3.3 Mechanical Energy Equation
105
3 Models and Computational Techniques
109
3.1 Approximations to the Navier-Stokes Equations
109
3.2 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
110
3.2.1 Theory and Software Packages
111
3.2.2 Predicting Surface and Interfacial Phenomena
113
3.2.3 Predicting Biomimetic Reactor Performance
116
3.3 Neural Networks
116
4 Perfusion
119
4.1 Design Specifications
119
4.2 Devices and Performance
120
4.3 Stress Effects on Cellular Viability and Function
124
5 Flow Patterns, Mixing and Transport Phenomena
126
5.1 Nano-Encapsulation
127
5.2 Extra-Corporeal Systems
128
5.2.1 Blood Oxygenation
128
5.2.2 Blood Detoxification
129
6 Pulsatile Flow
131
6.1 Hemodynamics in Rigid Tubes: Womersley's Theory
133
6.2 Hemodynamics in Elastic Tubes
138
6.3 Turbulence in Pulsatile Flow
142
7 Capstone Illustration: Understanding Arterial Diseases; Diagnosis and Therapy
143
7.1 Selection of AAA as a Representative Case Study
145
7.2 Coupling Tissue Engineering and Hydrodynamics
148
7.2.1 Clinical Evaluation of Patient Perfusion
148
7.2.2 Biomimetic Flow Emulation
149
7.2.3 Physics of Flow in Axisymmetric Bulges
150
7.2.4 Pulsatile Flow in Compliant Blood Vessels: Computation and Experiments
151
References
153
Biopreservation of Cells and Engineered Tissues
J.P. Acker
157
1 Introduction
158
2 In Vitro Culture
159
2.1 Trends in in Vitro Culture
160
2.2 In Vitro Culture of Engineered Cells and Tissues
161
2.3 Limitations of in Vitro Culture
162
3 Hypothermic Storage
163
3.1 Hypothermia-Induced Injury
163
3.2 Strategies for Hypothermic Storage of Cells, Tissues and Organs
164
3.3 Limitations of Hypothermic Storage
165
4 Cryopreservation
165
4.1 Cryopreservation: Freeze-Thaw and Vitrification
168
4.2 Freeze-Thaw Cryopreservation
169
4.3 Vitrification of Cells and Tissues
172
4.4 Limitations of Cryopreservation
173
5 Desiccation and Dry Storage
173
5.1 Adaptive Protection from Reactive Oxygen Species
174
5.2 Intracellular Sugars and Desiccation Tolerance
175
5.3 Quiescence and Diapause
176
5.4 Future of Desiccation and Dry Storage
177
6 Conclusion
178
References
179
Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Tissues
V.L. Tsang, S.N. Bhatia
189
1 Introduction
190
2 Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Acellular Scaffolds
192
2.1 Fabrication with Heat
192
2.2 Fabrication with Binders
194
2.3 Fabrication with Light
195
2.4 Fabrication by Molding
197
3 Fabrication of Cellular Structures
198
4 Fabrication of Hybrid (Cell/Scaffold) Constructs
199
4.1 Cell-Laden Hydrogels
199
4.2 Three-Dimensional Photopatterning of Cell-Laden Hydrogels
200
5 Summary
203
6 Future Directions in Three-Dimensional Tissue Fabrication
204
References
204
Engineering Skin to Study Human Disease - Tissue Models for Cancer Biology and Wound Repair
J.A. Garlick
207
1 Introduction
208
2 Engineered human tissue models used to study early cancer progression in stratified squamous epithelium
211
2.1 Cell-cell interactions inherent in 3-D tissue architecture suppress early cancer progression by inducing a state of intraepithelial dormancy
213
2.2 Factors altering cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions abrogate the microenvironmental control on intraepithelial tumor cells and promote cancer progression
217
2.2.1 The tumor promoter TPA enables expansion of intraepithelial tumor cells
217
2.2.2 Immortalization of adjacent epithelial cells cannot induce intraepithelial dormancy of tumor cells
218
2.2.3 UV-B Irradiation is permissive for tumor cell expansion by inducing a differential apoptotic and proliferative response between tumor cells and adjacent normal cells
221
2.2.4 Basement membrane proteins promote progression of early cancer by rescuing tumor cells from intraepithelial dormancy through their selective adhesion to laminin 1 and Type IV collagen and subsequent expansion
223
3 Three-dimensional skin-equivalent tissue models to study wound reepithelialization of human stratified epithelium
227
3.1 Morphology of wounded skin equivalents
227
3.2 Proliferation in skin equivalents in response to wounding
231
3.3 Migration in skin equivalents in response to wounding
232
3.4 Growth factor responsiveness and synthesis in wounded skin equivalents
233
3.5 Matrix metalloproteinase activity in wounded skin equivalents
235
3.6 Keratinocyte differentiation in wounded skin equivalents
236
References
237
Gene-Modified Tissue-Engineered Skin: The Next Generation of Skin Substitutes
S.T. Andreadis
241
1 Introduction
242
2 Tissue Engineering of Skin
243
2.1 Skin Structure and Physiology
243
2.2 Tissue-Engineered Skin
244
2.2.1 Biomaterial Dressings
244
2.2.2 Cell-based Skin Substitutes
245
2.3 Limitations of Current Technologies
246
3 Gene Therapy in Tissue Engineering of Skin
247
3.1 Delivery Vehicles
247
3.1.1 Gene Delivery Vehicles
247
3.1.2 Routes of Gene Delivery - Short- vs. Long-Term Gene Transfer
248
3.2 Candidate Disease Conditions for Gene Therapy of the Skin
249
3.2.1 Genetic Diseases
249
3.2.2 Wound Healing and Angiogenesis
250
3.3 Gene-enhanced Tissue-Engineered Skin: A Transplantable Bioreactor for Treatment of Systemic Disorders
255
3.4 Future Developments for Efficient Gene Transfer
258
3.4.1 Gene Transfer to Epidermal Stem Cells
258
3.4.2 Regulatable Gene Therapy
259
4 Gene-Modified Skin Substitutes as Biological Models of Tissue Development and Disease Pathophysiology
261
5 Summary
263
References
264
Nanostructured Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering Bone
T.J. Webster, E.S. Ahn
275
1 Introduction
276
1.1 Nanotechnology and Bone Tissue Engineering
276
1.2 Bone: A Nanostructured Biomaterial
278
1.3 Clinical Need for Better Orthopedic Implant Materials
279
1.3.1 Metallic Implants: Mechanical Stabilization During Skeletal Reconstruction
280
1.3.2 Autograft and Allograft: Bone Regeneration During Skeletal Reconstruction
282
1.4 Nanostructured Tissue Engineered Synthetic Bone
284
2 Properties of Nanostructured Tissue Engineered Synthetic Bone
284
2.1 The Promise
284
2.2 Mechanical Properties
285
2.2.1 Effect of Defect Size
286
2.2.2 The Effect of Fracture Toughness
288
2.3 Bioactivity
289
2.3.1 Effect of Nanostructured Surfaces on Protein Interactions
289
2.3.2 The Effect of Nanostructured Surfaces on Cellular Interactions
299
3 Unassesed Risks of Using Nanophase Particles as Implantable Materials
303
4 Conclusions
303
References
305
Integration of Technologies for Hepatic Tissue Engineering
Y. Nahmias, F. Berthiaume, M.L. Yarmush
309
1 Introduction
310
2 Liver Development and Biology
310
3 Maintenance of Liver Tissue Ex Vivo
313
4 Hepatocyte Culture Techniques
314
5 Hepatic Heterotypic Interactions
316
6 Role of Oxygen in Hepatocyte Culture
319
7 Impact of Culture Medium Formulation
320
8 Dynamic Flow Cultures
321
9 Current Challenges and Opportunities
323
References
325
Author Index Volumes 100-103 331
Subject Index 333