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Section I: Bioavailability |
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Coal Fly Ash Application to Soils and its Effect on Boron Availability to Plants |
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3 | (22) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (9) |
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Boron Concentration in Fly Ash, as Affected by its Origin, Particle Size Distribution, and Degree of Weathering |
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4 | (4) |
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Fly Ash Constituents Associated with B and Mechanisms of B Release and Retention |
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8 | (1) |
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Factors Affecting B Release from and Retention by Fly Ash |
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9 | (2) |
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Plant Growth on Fly Ash with Respect to its B Content |
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11 | (2) |
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Boron Availability to Plants as Influenced by Fly Ash Application to Soils |
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13 | (6) |
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13 | (1) |
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Soil Factors Affecting Availability of Fly Ash B to Plants |
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14 | (1) |
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Plant Growth in Fly Ash-Amended Soils with Respect to B |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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Cases of B Deficiency Correction |
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16 | (3) |
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19 | (6) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (6) |
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Bioavailability of Trace Elements in Relation to Root Modification in the Rhizosphere |
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25 | (14) |
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25 | (1) |
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Trace Elements in the Soils |
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26 | (1) |
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Root Modification of the Rhizosphere and Bioavailability of Trace Elements |
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27 | (7) |
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PH Changes in the Rhizosphere and Bioavailability of Trace Elements |
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27 | (1) |
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Concentration Changes of Ions in the Rhizosphere |
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28 | (2) |
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Root Organic Exudates, Trace Element Mobilization in the Rhizosphere, and Their Bioavailability |
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30 | (1) |
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Function of Siderophores in the Plant Rhizosphere |
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31 | (1) |
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Bioavailability of Trace Elements and Oxidation Reduction Processes in the Rhizosphere |
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31 | (1) |
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Oxidation, Reduction Processes, and pH in Aerobic Conditions |
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31 | (1) |
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Redox Processes and pH in Anaerobic Conditions |
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32 | (1) |
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The Significance of Redox in Rhizosphere |
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32 | (1) |
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Bioavailability of Trace Elements as Related to Root-Microorganism Interactions in the Rhizosphere |
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32 | (1) |
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Bioavailability of Trace Elements as Related to Mycorrhizal Fungi |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (5) |
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34 | (5) |
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Availability of Heavy Metals Applied to Soil through Sewage Sludge |
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39 | (24) |
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39 | (1) |
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The Composition of Sewage Sludge |
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40 | (8) |
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40 | (1) |
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Origination, Composition, and Metal-Chelating Properties |
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40 | (3) |
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Sludge-Borne and Soil-Organic Matter Properties after Sewage Sludge Is Applied to Soil |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (1) |
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Fertilizer Value of Sewage Sludge |
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45 | (1) |
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Heavy Metal Loadings in Sewage Sludge and in Soils where Sludge Is Added |
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45 | (2) |
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Heavy Metal Chemistry in Soils and Heavy Metal Properties after Termination of Sewage Sludge Application |
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47 | (1) |
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Availability of Heavy Metals and Their Fate over Time |
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48 | (8) |
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Factors Affecting Heavy Metal Availability |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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Competition Effects among Metals |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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Heavy Metal Accumulation in Crop Plants |
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50 | (2) |
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Concerns of Heavy Metal Leaching Out of Soil and into Groundwater |
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52 | (3) |
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Approaches to the Time Factor or the Residual Effects of Sludge-Borne Heavy Metals |
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55 | (1) |
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Conclusions: Is Land Application of Sewage Sludge Safe? |
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56 | (7) |
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57 | (6) |
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Influence of Fly Ash Application on Heavy Metal Forms and Their Availability |
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63 | (14) |
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63 | (2) |
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Materials and Methods Used |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (6) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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Influence of Fly Ash on Wheat Grain Yield |
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68 | (1) |
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Influence of Fly Ash on Heavy Metal Content of Soil and Wheat |
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68 | (5) |
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73 | (4) |
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74 | (3) |
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Arsenic Concentration and Bioavailability in Soils as a Function of Soil Properties: a Florida Case Study |
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77 | (20) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (2) |
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Soil Sampling, Preparation, and Characterization |
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79 | (2) |
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Determination of Bioavailable Arsenic |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (10) |
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Characterization of Soils |
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81 | (1) |
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Total Arsenic Concentrations in Soils |
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81 | (3) |
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Influence of Soil Properties on Arsenic Concentrations |
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84 | (5) |
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Arsenic Availability in Soils |
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89 | (2) |
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91 | (6) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (6) |
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Section II: Biogeochemistry |
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Solubility, Mobility, and Bioaccumulation of Trace Elements: Abiotic Processes in the Rhizosphere |
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97 | (14) |
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97 | (1) |
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Trace Element Solubility in the Rhizosphere |
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98 | (3) |
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Trace Element Speciation in the Rhizosphere |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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Bioaccumulation of Trace Elements |
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102 | (1) |
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Bioaccumulation as Affected by φ |
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103 | (1) |
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Engineering Trace Element Solubility, Mobility, and Bioaccumulation for Improved Fertility or Environmental Protection |
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104 | (1) |
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Trace Element Solubilization |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (3) |
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108 | (3) |
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108 | (3) |
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Appraisal of Fluoride Contamination of Groundwater through Multivariate Analysis: Case Study |
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111 | (14) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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Salient Hydrochemical Features |
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114 | (2) |
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Multivariate Analysis of Hydrochemical Data |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (5) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (3) |
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122 | (3) |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (3) |
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Geochemical Processes Governing Trace Elements in CBNG-Produced Water |
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125 | (22) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (3) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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CBNG Extraction Process and Quality of Produced Water |
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131 | (2) |
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Geochemical Processes of Trace Elements in CBNG-Produced Water |
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133 | (3) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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Column Experimental Design |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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Saturated Paste Experiments |
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135 | (1) |
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Surface Ponding Experiments |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (4) |
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CBNG-Produced Water Samples |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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Potential Impacts of CBNG-Produced Water to Rangeland Plants, Riparian Plants, Soils, and Sediments |
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140 | (7) |
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144 | (3) |
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Temporal Trends of Inorganic Elements in Kentucky Lake Sediments |
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147 | (8) |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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Organic Carbon and Nitrogen |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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Temporal Trends of Inorganic Elements |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (3) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (2) |
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Chemical Association of Trace Elements in Soils Amended with Biosolids: Comparison of Two Biosolids |
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155 | (14) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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Trace Element Fractionation |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (6) |
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Total Trace Element Contents |
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|
158 | (2) |
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Distribution of Trace Elements into Various Fractions |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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General Discussion and Conclusion |
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164 | (5) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (3) |
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Section III: Biotechnology |
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Microbial Genomics as an Integrated Tool for Developing Biosensors for Toxic Trace Elements in the Environment |
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169 | (42) |
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170 | (2) |
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Genesis and Chemistry of Toxic Trace Metals Relevant to Their Interaction with Life Processes |
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172 | (1) |
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Physical Properties of Heavy Metal Cations and Oxyanions |
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173 | (1) |
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Dual Strategy Adoption by the Living Cell for Uptake of Heavy Metal Ions and Their Comparison |
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173 | (1) |
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Incorporation of Metals in Bioactive Molecules in the Process of Evolution |
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|
174 | (3) |
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Concepts of Heavy Metal Toxicity, Tolerance, and Resistance |
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175 | (1) |
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Emergence of Heavy Metal Tolerant Mutants: Misfit in Evolutionary Selection |
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175 | (1) |
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Evolution of Resistance Mechanism |
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176 | (1) |
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Physicochemical Restriction in Detoxification Process vis-a-vis Choice for Getting Rid of Excess Heavy Metal Ions |
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176 | (1) |
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Toxic Metal Ions and Mechanisms of Resistance |
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177 | (7) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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Evaluation of the Uptake and Efflux Capabilities of Organisms Based on Whole Genome Sequence Analysis |
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184 | (1) |
|
Transporters Involved in Heavy Metal Uptake and Efflux |
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185 | (1) |
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Influx and Efflux Are Coordinately Regulated |
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|
186 | (4) |
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Evolution of Specific Genetic Elements to Sense and Respond to Metals in the Environment: a Domain for Diverse Metals |
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190 | (1) |
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Transcription Repressor Protein ArsR Binding with the Ars Operator-Promoter and ArsR Binding with Inducer Molecule |
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190 | (1) |
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Problem of Transporting Toxic Levels of Three Different Divalent Cations with a Common System; the Nature of the Means Required to Cope with the Difficulties; and the Type of Genetic Changes: an Example of Self-Awareness --- Outcome of Designed Creative Processes in Ralstonia |
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190 | (4) |
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Development of Promising Analytical Devices for Trace Metal Detection in the Environment: Biosensors |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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Whole-Cell-Based Biosensors for Detection of Bioavailable Heavy Metals |
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195 | (1) |
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Luminescence-Based Biosensors |
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196 | (1) |
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Development of an LacZ-Based Arsenic Biosensor [ 344] |
|
|
196 | (1) |
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197 | (14) |
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|
197 | (14) |
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Heavy Metals: Tolerance Mechanisms and Potential Use in Bioremediation |
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211 | (24) |
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Ma. del Carmen Angeles Gonzalez Chavez |
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205 | (6) |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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Importance of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in Soils |
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212 | (4) |
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AMF in Contaminated Soils |
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213 | (1) |
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Effect of PTEs on the Population of AMF |
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|
213 | (2) |
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Effect of AMF on Plant Uptake and Translocation of PTEs |
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|
215 | (1) |
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Mechanisms in AMF to Tolerate PTEs |
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|
216 | (4) |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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Chelation at Cytoplasm and Vacuole Level |
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218 | (1) |
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Other Possible Mechanisms in AMF |
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219 | (1) |
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Contribution of AMF in Plant Tolerance to PTEs |
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220 | (1) |
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Importance of the External Mycelium of AMF in Plant Tolerance to PTEs |
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221 | (1) |
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Constitutive and Adaptive Metal Tolerance in AMF |
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221 | (4) |
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Use of AMF in Phytoremediation Practices |
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225 | (3) |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (7) |
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229 | (1) |
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|
229 | (6) |
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Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Associated Microorganisms in Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal-Polluted Sites |
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235 | (18) |
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235 | (1) |
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Mycorrhiza and its Role in the Environment |
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236 | (1) |
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Phytoremediation and the Beginning of Interest in Mycorrhiza |
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237 | (1) |
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Mycorrhiza in Phytostabilization |
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238 | (2) |
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Mycorrhiza in Phytodegradation and Phytoextraction |
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240 | (2) |
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Influence of Soil Bacteria on Mycorrhiza Efficiency in Polluted Environments |
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|
242 | (3) |
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Mycorrhiza as Indicator of Soil Toxicity and Remediation Rate |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (8) |
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246 | (1) |
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|
246 | (7) |
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Plant Metallothionein Genes and Genetic Engineering for the Cleanup of Toxic Trace Elements |
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|
253 | (18) |
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253 | (1) |
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Molecular/Adaptive Physiology and Genetics of Metal Hyperaccumulation in Plants |
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254 | (1) |
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Plant Metallothionein Genes and Genetic Engineering for Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals |
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254 | (5) |
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Mercuric Ion Reduction and Resistance |
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258 | (1) |
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Zinc-Transporting Genes in Plants |
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259 | (3) |
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Ferritin Expression in Rice |
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262 | (1) |
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Genetic Manipulation of Organic Acid Biosynthesis |
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262 | (1) |
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Molecular Genetic and Transgenic Strategies for Phytoremediation Hyperacumulation |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (7) |
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265 | (6) |
|
``Metallomics'' --- a Multidisciplinary Metal-Assisted Functional Biogeochemistry: Scope and Limitations |
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271 | (20) |
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271 | (2) |
|
Metallomics and Metallomes |
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273 | (1) |
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Glutathione and Organic Acids Metabolism |
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274 | (1) |
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Metal Transporters and Interactions in Membranes at Molecular Levels |
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|
274 | (1) |
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Species-Selective Analysis for Metals and Metalloids in Plants |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
|
Glutathione Metabolism and Phytochelatin Synthesis |
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|
276 | (1) |
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276 | (2) |
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278 | (2) |
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Overexpression of LCT1 (Low-Affinity Cation Transporter) in Tobacco Enhanced: The Protective Action of Calcium against Cadmium Toxicity |
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|
280 | (1) |
|
Overexpression of Alfalfa Aldose/Aldehyde Reductase Confers Tolerance to Cadmium Stress |
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281 | (1) |
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Hairy Roots of Horseradish Are an Ideal System for Induction of Phytochelatin Homologs |
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|
281 | (1) |
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Overexpression of T-Glutamylcysteine Synthetase in Indian Mustard Enhanced Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation |
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|
282 | (1) |
|
Overexpression of MTS as a Means to Increase Cadmium Tolerance |
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|
283 | (1) |
|
Overexpression of Glutathione Synthetase in Indian Mustard Enhanced Cadmium Tolerance |
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|
284 | (1) |
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284 | (7) |
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286 | (5) |
|
Detoxification/Defense Mechanisms in Metal-Exposed Plants |
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291 | (34) |
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291 | (5) |
|
Heavy Metal Contamination of Soil and Associated Agricultural and Environmental Problems |
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|
296 | (2) |
|
Heavy Metal Detoxification Mechanisms in Plants |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
Extracellular Detoxification of Metals Other than Aluminum |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
Heavy Metal Detoxification through Intracellular Sequestration |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
Complex Formation with Phytochelatins |
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|
300 | (1) |
|
Phytochelatins: Primary Structure and Classes |
|
|
301 | (1) |
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|
302 | (2) |
|
Phytochelatins: Induction by Heavy Metals |
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|
304 | (1) |
|
HMW PC and Metal Tolerance |
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|
305 | (2) |
|
Cellular Compartmentalization of PC--Metal Complexes and Metal Tolerance |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
Role of PCs in Detoxification of Heavy Metals Other than Cadmium |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
Complex Formation with Organic Acids |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
Antioxidative System in Metal Tolerance |
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|
310 | (1) |
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|
311 | (2) |
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|
313 | (12) |
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|
315 | (10) |
|
Bacterial Biosorption of Trace Elements |
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|
325 | (16) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (4) |
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|
326 | (1) |
|
Structure of Bacterial Cells |
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|
326 | (1) |
|
Case Study: Identification of Functional Groups |
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|
327 | (1) |
|
Mechanisms of Biosorption |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
Intracellular Interaction |
|
|
328 | (1) |
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|
329 | (1) |
|
Extracellular Interaction |
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|
329 | (1) |
|
Metal Removal by Bacterial Biosorption |
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|
330 | (4) |
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|
330 | (1) |
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|
331 | (1) |
|
Influence of Environmental Conditions |
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|
331 | (1) |
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|
331 | (2) |
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|
333 | (1) |
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|
333 | (1) |
|
Ionic Strength and Organics |
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|
334 | (1) |
|
Application and Potential Benefits in Metal-Contaminated Environments |
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|
334 | (7) |
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|
335 | (2) |
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|
337 | (1) |
|
Protection from Pollutant Plumes |
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|
337 | (1) |
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|
337 | (1) |
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|
337 | (4) |
|
Electroremediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils --- Processes and Applications |
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|
341 | (28) |
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|
342 | (1) |
|
Definitions and Some Aspects Related to the Transport of Species |
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|
342 | (2) |
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|
342 | (1) |
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|
343 | (1) |
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|
343 | (1) |
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|
343 | (1) |
|
Advection by Hydraulic Gradients |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
Reactions in the Electrode Compartments |
|
|
344 | (2) |
|
Other Types of Phenomena Related to Mobility of Species |
|
|
346 | (2) |
|
Ion Exchange and Sorption |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
Precipitation and Dissolution |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
Movement of an Acid Front and an Alkaline Front in the Soil Compartment |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
Relevance of the Technique |
|
|
348 | (2) |
|
In Situ vs. ex Situ Processes |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
Disadvantages that Interfere with Efficiency of the Process |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Process Enhancement with Chemical Reagents |
|
|
350 | (2) |
|
Electrodialytic Soil Remediation |
|
|
352 | (3) |
|
Characteristics of Ion Exchange Membranes for Electrodyalitic Remediation |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
Electrodialytic vs. Electrokinetic Techniques: Expected Improvements |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
Geometry of Electrokinetic Systems |
|
|
355 | (5) |
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|
356 | (1) |
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|
356 | (3) |
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|
359 | (1) |
|
Electric Operative Conditions |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
Current Efficiency: Critical Current Density through Membranes |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
Remediation Time Requirements |
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
|
363 | (2) |
|
|
365 | (4) |
|
|
365 | (4) |
|
Application of Novel Nanoporous Sorbents for the Removal of Heavy Metals, Metalloids, and Radionuclides |
|
|
369 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
|
371 | (2) |
|
Synthesis of Self-Assembled Monolayers |
|
|
371 | (2) |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
374 | (4) |
|
|
378 | (5) |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
379 | (4) |
|
Section IV: Bioremediation |
|
|
|
Phytoremediation Technologies Using Trees |
|
|
383 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
383 | (2) |
|
The Potential Benefits of Trees |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
Factors Affecting Uptake of Heavy Metals by Trees |
|
|
385 | (3) |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Temporal Variations in Tissue Concentrations of Metals |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Variability between Component Parts of Trees |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Toxicity of Trace Elements to Plants |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Plasticity of Plant Response to Metals |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Factors Affecting Metal Offtake during Harvest |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Recycling Metals to the Surface of Soil |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Metals Located in Tree Roots |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
389 | (6) |
|
Importance of Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Soil |
|
|
389 | (4) |
|
Root Foraging and the Rhizosphere |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
Other Ecological Processes in Soil |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Phytoextraction vs. Phytostabilization |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
396 | (9) |
|
|
397 | (8) |
|
Stabilization, Remediation, and Integrated Management of Metal-Contaminated Ecosystems by Grasses (Poaceae) |
|
|
405 | (20) |
|
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
Vetiver Grass for Phytostabilization of Metalliferous Ecosystems |
|
|
406 | (5) |
|
Vetiver in Combination with Green Manure Legumes on Lead/Zinc Mine Tailings |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Tolerance of Vetiver Grass to Submergence |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Rehabilitation of Gold Mine Tailings in Australia |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Rehabilitation of Mine Tailings in South Africa and China |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
Expression of Stress Proteins by the Members of Poaceae |
|
|
413 | (4) |
|
Significance of Silicon-Accumulating Grasses for Integrated Management and Remediation of Metalliferous Soils |
|
|
417 | (8) |
|
|
418 | (7) |
|
Physiology of Lead Accumulation and Tolerance in a Lead-Accumulating Plant (Sesbania drummondii) |
|
|
425 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Lead Acquisition and Transport |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Factors Governing Lead Uptake by Plants |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Speciation of Accumulated Lead in a Lead Accumulator |
|
|
428 | (2) |
|
Characteristics of XANES in Sesbania Samples |
|
|
428 | (2) |
|
Characteristics of EXAFS in Sesbania Samples |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
Antioxidative Defense in a Lead Accumulator |
|
|
430 | (2) |
|
Catalase Activity in Sesbania Seedlings |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
SOD Activity in Sesbania Seedlings |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
GPX activity in Sesbania Seedlings |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
Photosynthetic Activity in a Lead Accumulator |
|
|
432 | (4) |
|
Efficiency of Photosynthetic Apparatus in Sesbania |
|
|
432 | (2) |
|
Active Photosynthetic Reaction Centers in Sesbania |
|
|
434 | (2) |
|
|
436 | (3) |
|
|
436 | (3) |
|
Temperate Weeds in Russia: Sentinels for Monitoring Trace Element Pollution and Possible Application in Phytoremediation |
|
|
439 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
441 | (4) |
|
Taraxacum officinale Wigg. (Dandelion): Ideal Sentinel for Mapping Metal Pollution |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
446 | (5) |
|
|
449 | (2) |
|
Biogeochemical Cycling of Trace Elements by Aquatic and Wetland Plants: Relevance to Phytoremediation |
|
|
451 | (32) |
|
|
|
|
|
451 | (4) |
|
Aquatic Sediments as Reservoir of Trace Elements |
|
|
452 | (3) |
|
Functions of Aquatic Plants |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
456 | (8) |
|
Aquatic Macrophytes for Trace Element Biomonitoring and Toxicity Bioassays |
|
|
457 | (7) |
|
Remediation Potential of Aquatic Plants |
|
|
464 | (2) |
|
Free-Floating Aquatic Plants |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
|
466 | (5) |
|
Significance of Metal-Rich Rhizoconcretions, or Plaque, on Roots |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Influence of Wetland Plants on Weathering of Sulphidic Mine Tailings |
|
|
468 | (2) |
|
Constructed Wetlands for Removal of Metals |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
Biogeogenic Cycling of Metals |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
|
472 | (11) |
|
|
474 | (9) |
|
Metal-Tolerant Plants: Biodiversity Prospecting for Phytoremediation Technology |
|
|
483 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
483 | (4) |
|
Biodiversity Prospecting for Phytoremediation of Metals in the Environment |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
Metal-Tolerant Plants for Phytoremediation |
|
|
487 | (9) |
|
|
496 | (3) |
|
Metal Tolerant Plants and Chelators Might Promote Phytoremediation Technology |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
500 | (7) |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
502 | (5) |
|
Trace Elements in Plants and Soils of Abandoned Mines in Portugal: Significance for Phytomanagement and Biogeochemical Prospecting |
|
|
507 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
509 | (8) |
|
|
517 | (6) |
|
|
519 | (4) |
|
Plants That Accumulate and/or Exclude Toxic Trace Elements Play an Important Role in Phytoremediation |
|
|
523 | (26) |
|
|
|
523 | (2) |
|
Metal Hyperaccumulators for Phytoremediation Hype |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
Mechanisms of Metal Uptake by Plants |
|
|
526 | (5) |
|
Phytomass of Accumulators/Hyperaccumulators of Metals Is a Valuable Resource for Phytoextraction |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
Accumulation of Metals by Plants |
|
|
531 | (4) |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
Multiple Metal Accumulation |
|
|
533 | (2) |
|
Strategies for Enhanced Uptake of Trace Elements to Facilitate Phytoextraction |
|
|
535 | (5) |
|
Chelate-Assisted or Chemically Induced Phytoextraction |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
Rhizosphere-Assisted Processes for Metal Accumulation and Exclusion |
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
Bioavailability of Metals in Soils |
|
|
536 | (2) |
|
Exclusion of Trace Elements to Foster Phytostabilization |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
Metal Exclusion by Organic Acids |
|
|
538 | (2) |
|
Organic Acids Play an Important Role in Adaptive Physiology |
|
|
540 | (9) |
|
|
541 | (8) |
|
Phytoremediation of Trace Element Contaminated Soil with Cereal Crops: Role of Fertilizers and Bacteria on Bioavailability |
|
|
549 | (34) |
|
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
Application of Cereal Crops in Phytoremediation Studies |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
Metal Uptake by Cereal Crops |
|
|
551 | (6) |
|
Phytotoxicity of Some Ultratrace Metals |
|
|
555 | (2) |
|
Metal Distribution between Roots and Upper Plant Parts |
|
|
557 | (6) |
|
Effects of Soil Characteristics, Weather Conditions, and Plant Physiological Activity on Metal Uptake |
|
|
558 | (2) |
|
Identification of Soil Amendments Capable of Enhancing Plant Yield and Metal Phytoextraction |
|
|
560 | (2) |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
Experimental Studies on the Effects of Different Fertilizers on Metal Removal from Contaminated Soils Using Wheat |
|
|
564 | (7) |
|
Effects of Mineral Elements on Plant Biomass and Metal Uptake |
|
|
568 | (3) |
|
Soil Biota as a Promising Means to Affect Metal Phytoextraction |
|
|
571 | (2) |
|
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
Effects of Cellulomonas and Mycobacterium Strains on Metal Phytoextraction by Cereal Crops |
|
|
573 | (2) |
|
|
575 | (8) |
|
|
576 | (7) |
|
Phytomanagement of Radioactively Contaminated Sites |
|
|
583 | (28) |
|
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
Possible Role of Phytomanagement |
|
|
584 | (15) |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
The Potential for Phytoextraction |
|
|
585 | (2) |
|
|
587 | (5) |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
|
593 | (2) |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
Conclusions for the Potential of Phytoextraction |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
597 | (2) |
|
Alternative Land Use: Nonfood Crop Production in Contaminated Areas |
|
|
599 | (6) |
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
Willow Short-Rotation Coppice for Energy Production |
|
|
600 | (2) |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Phytomanagement with Willow Vegetation Systems in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Uranium Mining Tailings and Debris Heaps |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
605 | (6) |
|
|
605 | (6) |
|
Efficiency and Limitations of Phytoextraction by High Biomass Plants: The Example of Willows |
|
|
611 | (22) |
|
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Characteristics of the Experiments |
|
|
612 | (3) |
|
Description of Experimental Sites |
|
|
612 | (2) |
|
Plants for Phytoextraction |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
Factors Limiting the Efficiency of Phytoextraction |
|
|
615 | (5) |
|
Climate and Soil Characteristics |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
|
615 | (2) |
|
Nature and Extent of the Contamination |
|
|
617 | (3) |
|
Factors Limiting the Efficiency of Phytoextraction Specificity of Willows |
|
|
620 | (4) |
|
Concentrations in Plant Parts |
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
Legislation and Time Required |
|
|
624 | (2) |
|
|
626 | (7) |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
|
626 | (7) |
|
Section V: Risk Assessment |
|
|
|
Risk Assessment, Pathways, and Trace Element Toxicity of Sewage Sludge-Amended Agroforestry and Soils |
|
|
633 | (26) |
|
|
|
|
633 | (2) |
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
|
635 | (2) |
|
Properties Affecting Trace Element Mobility |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
Bioavailability of Trace Elements |
|
|
638 | (4) |
|
Environmental Pathways and Health Risk Assessment |
|
|
642 | (4) |
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
|
647 | (2) |
|
Short-Rotation Forestry Using Sewage Sludge and Biosolids --- Implications |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
Sludge Usage --- International Regulations |
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
|
649 | (10) |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
|
650 | (9) |
|
Trophic Transfer of Trace Elements and Associated Human Health Effects |
|
|
659 | (30) |
|
|
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
Bioaccumulation and Trophic Transfer of Trace Elements |
|
|
660 | (10) |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
Bioaccumulation of Trace Elements in Plants |
|
|
662 | (2) |
|
Bioaccumulation of Trace Elements in Animals and Trophic Transfer |
|
|
664 | (3) |
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
Bioaccumulation in Planktonic Organisms and Aquatic Invertebrates |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
Bioaccumulation in Fish and Trophic Transfer |
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
Human Exposure to Trace Elements |
|
|
670 | (4) |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
|
674 | (3) |
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
677 | (12) |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
678 | (11) |
|
Trace Metal Accumulation, Movement, and Remediation in Soils Receiving Animal Manure |
|
|
689 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
|
690 | (2) |
|
Sources and Distributions of Trace Metals in Manure |
|
|
692 | (2) |
|
Trace Metal Accumulation in Manure-Treated Soils |
|
|
694 | (3) |
|
Pathways for Offsite Metal Transport |
|
|
697 | (2) |
|
|
697 | (1) |
|
|
698 | (1) |
|
|
699 | (2) |
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
Immobilization Using Chemical Amendments |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
|
701 | (6) |
|
|
702 | (5) |
Subject Index |
|
707 | (10) |
Biodiversity Index |
|
717 | |