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El. knyga: Transcending Self and Other Through Akogare [ Desire]: The English Language and the Internationalization of Higher Education in Japan

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The study takes the Japanese idea of akogare, interracial sexual desire, and expands its definition as a desire to pursue dreams that seem out of reach. The expanded definition of akogare is used as a way to examine the internationalization of Japanese higher education and the phenomenon of students who transcend their ethnic, national, racial, gender, and linguistic identities by learning English. The book begins with a definition and overview of akogare in literature and media, then describes the results of the author’s survey of 57 faculty members of Japanese universities and 75 Japanese university students. It presents a theoretical framework of akogare in TESOL and concludes that there is not a single Japanese identity. The book is for teachers of TESOL and English language teachers, as well as those interested in bilingualism and multilingualism. Distributed in the US by National Book Network. Annotation ©2018 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

In this far-reaching new study of the internationalization of Japanese Higher Education, Chisato Nonaka uses akogare as both an analytical lens and the object of enquiry, and ultimately reconceptualises it as the creation of a space where individuals negotiate and transcend their ethnic, national, racial, gender or linguistic identities.

Recenzijos

A multifaceted portrayal of language learner motivation and identity in Japanese higher education, this book provides a wide-angle lens on gender, ethnicity, self and other in the age of internationalization via the Japanese concept of akogare as a transcultural phenomenon. It is a must-read not only for ELT professionals in Japan but for anyone interested in the (re)appropriation of otherness in the construction of multilingual selves among contemporary language learners. * Claudia Kunschak, Ritsumeikan University, Japan * Chisato Nonaka successfully tackles a much-debated topic, kokusaika (internationalization) of Japans higher education, through the window of akogare (desire or dream) of individual learners of English. The findings highlight the importance of individual space for personal self-negotiation, and Chisatos stories warn against the institutional approach to collective Japaneseness as a core value of Japans internationalization. * Kayoko Hashimoto, The University of Queensland, Australia * Nonaka offers a valuable contribution to the literature on the internationalization of higher education by digging into what this means in the context of Japan. She masterfully complicates this seemingly straightforward idea by demonstrating through extensive examples and deft analysis how it is bound up with a sense of desire, notions of the self and otherness, and the idea of the West. The book offers a refreshingly multi-level, multi-faceted, and philosophical treatment of this taken-for-granted concept. * D. Brent Edwards Jr., University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA * Guided by participants personal stories, Nonaka illustrates the concept of akogare by carefully disentangling the threads of interview data, while identifying emerging issues and multifarious realities in current JHE [ ...] the book is a timely addition to the literature, serving as a navigational beacon for the ideal kokusaika in JHE. -- Akiko Chiba Mereu, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong * The Asian Journal of Applied Linguistics Vol. 6 No. 2, 2019 *

Figures and Tables
ix
Acknowledgments x
Preface xi
Foreword xiii
1 Introduction
1(12)
What Is Akogare?
1(1)
Akogare Found in Literature and Media
1(4)
Akogare and Me
5(1)
My Lived Experience of Akogare Toward English
5(2)
Breakthrough
6(1)
Reverse culture shock and enlightenment!
6(1)
The Inception of This Study
7(1)
Curiosity, Frustration and Passion as the Driving Force in My Study
8(1)
Transcending Self and Other Through Akogare
8(2)
Summary of
Chapter 1
10(1)
Defining akogare for the purpose of this study
10(1)
JHE as a potential field of focus
11(1)
Chapter Overview
11(2)
2 Akogare and My Study Participants
13(7)
Akogare as an Emic Cultural Construct
13(2)
Introducing My Study Participants
15(3)
What Is `Akogare' to You? (Collective Definition by My Study Participants)
18(1)
Summary of
Chapter 2
19(1)
3 Akogare in Academic Literature and the Akogare Theoretical Framework
20(38)
Part 1 Literature on Akogare
20(1)
Akogare [ Desire] in Academic Literature
20(7)
TESOL in general and in Japan
20(1)
Akogare in TESOL
21(4)
Crystalizing akogare for this study
25(2)
Japanese Higher Education as a Valuable Research Site
27(10)
Is Japan in transition?
27(1)
A changing Japan where internationalization, English, identity and akogare intersect
28(6)
Japanese higher education today
34(2)
Types of Japanese higher education institutions
36(1)
Overall: Why Japanese higher education?
37(1)
Part 2 The Akogare Framework
37(1)
Theoretical Implications of Desire in TESOL
38(1)
Theoretical Framework
39(5)
Theoretical developments in TESOL studies
39(1)
Theoretical underpinnings of my study: Identity
40(3)
Theoretical implications of akogare
43(1)
Research Questions and the Akogare Framework
44(1)
Imagining the Japanese Self and the Non-Japanese Other Today
45(1)
Brief introduction to the Japanese self and the non-Japanese other
46(7)
Defining the self and the other for my study
46(1)
`The Japanese self discussed in the literature
47(1)
`The Japanese self and `the non-Japanese other' in current Japan
48(2)
English `defines' the Japanese self and the non-Japanese other in Japan
50(1)
Imagining [ native English speakers] as the non-Japanese other
51(2)
Akogare May Help `Bridge' the Japanese Self and the Non-Japanese Other: Shedding New Light on the Current Internationalization Experiences
53(2)
Refocusing on JHE contexts
54(1)
Summary of
Chapter 3
55(3)
4 Methodology
58(8)
Narrative Inquiry as a Method, Process and a Paradigm Shift
58(1)
Narrative inquiry and akogare
59(3)
Research paradigm
61(1)
Narrative inquiry with case study orientation
61(1)
Visualizing the Workings of My Research Paradigm and Process
62(1)
Notes on Japanese Terms and Their Translatability
63(1)
Process of Data Analysis
63(1)
Summary of
Chapter 4
64(1)
Objectives and Contributions of My Study
64(2)
5 Akogare and Gender
66(9)
Akogare and Gender
66(6)
The Bieber (look-alike) fever in Japan
67(4)
The standards of beauty (e.g. attractiveness) in Japan
71(1)
Summary of
Chapter 5
72(3)
6 Akogare and Precarious `Japan'
75(19)
Akogare and Precarious `Japan'
75(18)
Beautiful... but not Japanese?
75(15)
Japaneseness as being imagined, manifested and challenged in today's Japan
90(3)
Summary of
Chapter 6
93(1)
7 Akogare and Japanese Higher Education Today
94(35)
Akogare and Japanese Higher Education Today
94(31)
The tale of junior colleges
94(5)
The tale of Christian universities
99(3)
The educational `divide'
102(11)
Renewed outlook on kokusaika
113(12)
Summary of
Chapter 7
125(4)
8 Conclusion and Future Implications
129(13)
Brief Overview of My Study
129(1)
Major Findings Under Three Themes
129(5)
Akogare and gender
130(1)
Akogare and precarious `Japan'
130(1)
Akogare and Japanese higher education today
131(3)
So what?
134(1)
Are We Creating the New `Normal'?: Rethinking What `Japan' Means Today
134(1)
Theoretical, Pedagogical and Other Larger Implications for the Present and the Future of Kokusaika
135(5)
Reconceptualization of akogare and theoretical contributions to social identity theories
135(1)
Pedagogical approaches and caveats for teaching English in JHE today
136(4)
Concluding Remarks: Reimagining Japan and Kokusaika
140(2)
Appendix A Questionnaire for Japanese University Students 142(4)
Appendix B Questionnaire for Japanese University Faculty 146(4)
Appendix C Visual and Textual Aids for Akogare 150(2)
Appendix D Questionnaire/Interview Participants (Faculty: m = 35, f = 22) 152(2)
Appendix E Questionnaire/Interview Participants (Students: m = 30, f = 45) 154(3)
Appendix F The Students' Choice of Ideal Mother Country (with Reasons) and Overseas Experience 157(2)
Appendix G Face-to-Face Interview Participants' (Students) Responses to the Miyamoto Case/Japaneseness Ideals and Overseas Experience 159(8)
Appendix H Notes on Recruiting Study Participants 167(1)
Appendix I Notes on Methods and Analysis Used 168(3)
References 171(16)
Index 187
Chisato Nonaka is an Associate Professor in the International Student Center, Kyushu University, Japan. Her research interests include issues of linguistic, racial, ethnic, national, class and gender-related identities, particularly in transnational education contexts.
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