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1 | (8) |
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1.1 Definitions of Translation |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.3 Meaning in Translation |
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4 | (5) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (60) |
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2.1 Stages of Translation Theories |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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2.1.2 The Communicative Stage |
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10 | (1) |
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2.1.3 The Functionalist Stage |
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11 | (1) |
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2.1.4 The Ethical/Aesthetic Stage |
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11 | (1) |
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2.2 The Notion of Equivalence in Translation Theories |
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11 | (58) |
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2.2.1 Direct and Oblique Translation (Vinay & Darbelnet, 1958/2004) |
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12 | (5) |
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2.2.2 Van Leuven-Zwart's Comparative-Descriptive Model of Translation Shifts (1989) |
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17 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Overt and Covert Translations (House, 1997) |
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18 | (3) |
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2.2.4 Jakobson's Equivalence (1959) |
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21 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Dynamic Equivalence and Formal Equivalence (Nida, 1964) |
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22 | (4) |
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2.2.6 Communicative and Semantic Translation (Newmark, 1981, 1988) |
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26 | (7) |
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2.2.7 The House, Nida, and Newmark's Theories in a Nutshell |
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33 | (1) |
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2.2.8 Form-Based and Meaning-Based Translation (Larson, 1998) |
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34 | (1) |
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2.2.9 Halliday's Typology of Equivalence |
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35 | (5) |
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2.2.10 Catford's Typology of Equivalence |
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40 | (4) |
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2.2.11 Mona Baker's Typology of Equivalence |
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44 | (7) |
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2.2.12 Koller's Notion of Equivalence |
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51 | (1) |
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2.2.13 PopoviC (1976) Types of Equivalence |
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52 | (1) |
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2.2.14 The Cognitive Approach to Translation |
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53 | (1) |
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2.2.15 Functionalist Approach in Translation (Non-equivalence Approach) |
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54 | (9) |
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2.2.16 Darwish's Notion of Equivalence (2010) |
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63 | (1) |
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2.2.17 The Polysystem Theory |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (5) |
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3 Grammatical Problems in Translation |
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69 | (26) |
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3.1 Arabic Tense as a Problem in Translation |
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70 | (4) |
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3.2 Translating English Tenses and Aspects into Arabic (Based on Collins COBUILD English Grammar, 2005) |
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74 | (10) |
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3.3 Gender as a Problem in Translation |
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84 | (2) |
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3.4 Grammatical Category as a Problem in Translation |
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86 | (1) |
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3.5 Syntactic Order: Foregrounding and Backgrounding as a Problem in Translation |
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87 | (3) |
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3.6 Shifting (Iltifat) as a Problem in Translation |
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90 | (5) |
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92 | (3) |
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4 Lexical and Semantic Problems in Translation |
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95 | (26) |
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4.1 Lexical Gaps at the Semantic Field Level (Lack of Equivalent Problem) |
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96 | (6) |
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4.2 Improper Selection of Vocabulary |
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102 | (1) |
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4.3 Lexical Ambiguity: Polysemy and Homonymy |
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103 | (3) |
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106 | (3) |
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4.5 Problems in Translation of Rhetorical Devices |
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109 | (12) |
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118 | (3) |
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5 Culture as a Problem in Translation |
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121 | (16) |
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5.1 Culturally Bound Terms |
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122 | (1) |
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5.2 Idioms and Fixed Expressions as a Problem in Translation |
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123 | (5) |
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128 | (2) |
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5.4 Strategies to Translate Culturally Bound Terms |
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130 | (3) |
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5.5 Pym's Typology of Translation Solutions |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (3) |
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134 | (3) |
| Bibliography |
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137 | (8) |
| Index |
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145 | |
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