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El. knyga: Trees, Truffles, and Beasts: How Forests Function

4.35/5 (33 ratings by Goodreads)
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Feb-2008
  • Leidėjas: Rutgers University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780813544656
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Feb-2008
  • Leidėjas: Rutgers University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780813544656

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In today's world of specialization, people are attempting to protect the Earth's fragile state by swapping limousines for hybrids and pesticide-laced foods for organic produce. At other times, environmental awareness is translated into public relations gimmicks or trendy commodities. Moreover, simplistic policies, like single-species protection or planting ten trees for every tree cut down, are touted as bureaucratic or industrial panaceas.

Because today's decisions are tomorrow's consequences, every small effort makes a difference, but a broader understanding of our environmental problems is necessary to the development of sustainable ecosystem policies. In Trees, Truffles, and Beasts, Chris Maser, Andrew W. Claridge, and James M. Trappe make a compelling case that we must first understand the complexity and interdependency of species and habitats from the microscopic level to the gigantic. Comparing forests in the Pacific Northwestern United States and Southeastern mainland of Australia, the authors show how easily observable species, trees and mammals are part of a complicated infrastructure that includes fungi, lichens, and organisms invisible to the naked eye, such as microbes.

Eminently readable, this important book shows that forests are far more complicated than most of us might think, which means simplistic policies will not save them. Understanding the biophysical intricacies of our life-support systems just might.

 


Because today's decisions are tomorrow's consequences, every small effort makes a difference, but a broader understanding of our environmental problems is necessary to the development of sustainable ecosystem policies. In Trees, Truffles, and Beasts, Chris Maser, Andrew W. Claridge, and James M. Trappe make a compelling case that we must first understand the complexity and interdependency of species and habitats from the microscopic level to the gigantic. Comparing forests in the Pacific Northwestern United States and Southeastern mainland of Australia, the authors show how easily observable species, trees and mammals are part of a complicated infrastructure that includes fungi, lichens, and organisms invisible to the naked eye, such as microbes.


In today's world of specialization, people are attempting to protect the Earth's fragile state by swapping limousines for hybrids and pesticide-laced foods for organic produce. At other times, environmental awareness is translated into public relations gimmicks or trendy commodities. Moreover, simplistic policies, like single-species protection or planting ten trees for every tree cut down, are touted as bureaucratic or industrial panaceas.

Because today's decisions are tomorrow's consequences, every small effort makes a difference, but a broader understanding of our environmental problems is necessary to the development of sustainable ecosystem policies. In Trees, Truffles, and Beasts, Chris Maser, Andrew W. Claridge, and James M. Trappe make a compelling case that we must first understand the complexity and interdependency of species and habitats from the microscopic level to the gigantic. Comparing forests in the Pacific Northwestern United States and Southeastern mainland of Australia, the authors show how easily observable speciesùtrees and mammalsùare part of a complicated infrastructure that includes fungi, lichens, and organisms invisible to the naked eye, such as microbes.

Eminently readable, this important book shows that forests are far more complicated than most of us might think, which means simplistic policies will not save them. Understanding the biophysical intricacies of our life-support systems just might.




In today's world of specialization, people are attempting to protect the Earth's fragile state by swapping limousines for hybrids and pesticide-laced foods for organic produce. At other times, environmental awareness is translated into public relations gimmicks or trendy commodities. Moreover, simplistic policies, like single-species protection or planting ten trees for every tree cut down, are touted as bureaucratic or industrial panaceas.

Because today's decisions are tomorrow's consequences, every small effort makes a difference, but a broader understanding of our environmental problems is necessary to the development of sustainable ecosystem policies. In Trees, Truffles, and Beasts, Chris Maser, Andrew W. Claridge, and James M. Trappe make a compelling case that we must first understand the complexity and interdependency of species and habitats from the microscopic level to the gigantic. Comparing forests in the Pacific Northwestern United States and Southeastern mainland of Australia, the authors show how easily observable speciesùtrees and mammalsùare part of a complicated infrastructure that includes fungi, lichens, and organisms invisible to the naked eye, such as microbes.

Eminently readable, this important book shows that forests are far more complicated than most of us might think, which means simplistic policies will not save them. Understanding the biophysical intricacies of our life-support systems just might.

 

Recenzijos

Accurate and authentic, Trees, Truffles, and Beasts makes a major contribution to the field of natural resource management. This is a clear and compelling argument that there's much more to forests than meets the eye. - Jim Furnish (Deputy Chief (ret.), USDA Forest Service) This book is an excellent introduction to the world of mycorrhizal fungi in forests and their importance in food webs as highlighted by truffles. This book should encourage readers to investigate further the intricate and essential interactions occurring in forests, which make them work. - John Dighton (professor and director of Rutgers University Pinelands Field Station) "The book provides excellent coverage of the symbiosis between trees, fungi, and animals, an orverarching theme. . . . Few works take these personal views into account to give such a holistic view of the forested landscape. Highly recommended." (Choice) The authors. all keenly qualified to write on the topic, begin by discussing the importance of sustainable ecosystem policies and preserving our environment, and then point out that to be able to do that, one must understand those environmental systems. What follows is an entire college course on just how forests work. (Funghi) These authors weave together a broad array of personal observations and pertinent scientific research into a sweeping account of forest ecology and conservation. This book is an interesting and well-priced addition to the mycologist's bookshelf. (Inoculum) Trees, Truffles, and Beasts reveals a belowground world that we cannot see, and for that reason, often overlook when thinking about forests. The authors deftly link this belowground world of fungi and soil microorganisms to the aboveground world that we know. The story-telling style of writing makes the book engaging and easy to read, and at the same time, the book is packed with interesting facts. (Northwest Science) "Lucidly written and accessible to professionals and the general public alike, the authors adeptly tease out the intimate details and fascinating ecological interactions of a world hidden within the soil. I highly recommend this book for a fascinating glimpse into the wondrous web life and complex ecological relationships that sustain our natural forests." - Alan Watson Featherstone (Trees for Life, Scotland)

Foreword xi
Charles J. Krebs
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction 1(1)
The Scope of This Book, from the Microlevel to Infinity
1(3)
Forests Are a Study in Complexity
4(2)
Soil Is Every Forest's Foundation
6(3)
People and Forests Are Inseparable
9(5)
The Forest We See
14(21)
Composition, Structure, and Function
15(2)
Pacific Northwestern United States versus Southeastern Mainland Australia
17(18)
The Unseen Forest
35(15)
The Genesis of Soil
35(3)
Physical Weathering
36(1)
Chemical Weathering
36(1)
The Addition of Organic Material to Mineral Soil
37(1)
The Living Community within the Soil
38(7)
The Nitrogen Fixers
40(3)
Scavengers, the Recyclers in the Soil
43(2)
The Environment Is a Seamless Whole
45(5)
Trees, Truffles, and Beasts: Coevolution in Action
50(25)
In the Beginning
50(1)
Mycorrhizae Enter the Scene
51(4)
Fungal Nourishment: Decomposition and Symbiosis
55(5)
Global Diversification of Organisms, Unification of Functions
60(1)
Host Specificity and Forest Succession
61(6)
Trees, Truffles, and Beasts: Spore Dispersal through Mycophagy
67(8)
Of Animals and Fungi
75(17)
Obligate Mycophagists
76(3)
Preferential Mycophagists
79(6)
Casual or Opportunistic Mycophagists
85(3)
Accidental Mycophagists
88(1)
Preferences in Fungal Diets
89(1)
Invertebrate Mycophagists
90(2)
The Importance of Mycophagy
92(13)
The Fungal Feast: Nutritional Rewards of Mycophagy
92(8)
Macroelements
94(1)
Microelements
94(1)
Proteins and Amino Acids
95(1)
Carbohydrates
95(1)
Fats and Fatty Acids
96(1)
Vitamins
96(1)
Nutrient Availability, Symbiosis, and Digestive Strategy
97(3)
Truffle Diversity, the Key to Mycophagist Nutrition
100(1)
Ecosystem Services of Mycophagy
100(5)
Mycophagy Interactions with Soil Moisture
101(1)
Mycophagy Initiates and Maintains Truffle Diversity
102(3)
Landscape Patterns and Fire
105(40)
Landscape Patterns
105(5)
The Role of Fire in Forests
110(27)
Fire in the Western United States
111(10)
Fire in Southeastern Mainland Australia
121(13)
Lessons from Byadbo, Mount St. Helens, Omeo, and Beyond
134(3)
The Mycorrhizal Response to Disturbance
137(2)
The Role of Spore Dispersal by Mycophagy
139(3)
Emulating Fire Patterns
142(3)
Forest Succession and Habitat Dynamics
145(30)
Developmental Stages of the Forest
146(8)
Autogenic Succession above Ground
146(6)
Autogenic Succession below Ground
152(2)
The Dynamics of Habitat
154(5)
Food
155(1)
Water
155(1)
Shelter
156(1)
Privacy
157(1)
Space
157(2)
Landscape Patterns
159(14)
United States
161(1)
Australia
162(1)
Humankind's Fragmentation
163(10)
Equality among Species
173(2)
Of Lifestyles and Shared Habitats
175(50)
A Glimpse of Two U.S. Forests
175(15)
A Glimpse of Two Australian Forests
190(12)
Ecological Services of Mycophagous Mammals
202(4)
The Fungal Connection
203(1)
The Fruit-Body Connection
203(1)
The Squirrel Connection
203(1)
The Pellet Connection
204(2)
Mycophagy as a Basis of Infrastructural Relationships
206(1)
Putting It All Together
207(18)
Partitioning Habitat in the United States
207(6)
Partitioning Habitat in Australia
213(4)
Partitioning Food in the United States
217(4)
Partitioning Food in Australia
221(1)
Temporal Segregation in the United States
221(1)
Temporal Segregation in Australia
221(2)
The Importance of Ecological ``Backups''
223(2)
Lessons from the Trees, the Truffles, and the Beasts
225(8)
Shifting Our Focus
227(1)
Products and Biological Capital
228(5)
Appendix A: North American Common and Scientific Names 233(4)
Appendix B: Australian Common and Scientific Names 237(4)
Notes 241(18)
Glossary 259(8)
Index 267


CHRIS MASER is a writer, environmental consultant, and master's level zoologist who has written over twenty books, including Mammals of the Pacific Northwest and Forest Primeval: The Natural History of an Ancient Forest.

ANDREW W. CLARIDGE is a research scientist with the Department of Environment and Conservation in New South Wales, Australia. He has authored or co-authored over fifty publications about the interactions among trees, truffles, and animals and undertaken research at postgraduate and postdoctoral levels in both Australia and the United States of America.

JAMES M. TRAPPE is a professor of forest science specializing in forest fungi at Oregon State University, Corvallis, and the author of almost four hundred journal articles and book chapters.