Tribological performance of sustainable composites depend upon external parameters such as interface and environmental temperature, contact pressure and behavior of contact materials at interface and so forth. This book covers sustainable composites and bio- composites in terms of proper selection of reinforcements, methods to improve the thermal and mechanical properties, techniques for uniform dispersion of the reinforcements and their tribological performance. Also, it details the testing and damage characterization methods of these sustainable composites.
Features:
1. Presents fundamental knowledge of sustainable composites, including chemical composition, structural features and fabrication techniques.
2. Provides an analytical overview of the different types of characterization techniques and tribological methods.
3. Provides an extensive review on bio- composite properties and their tribological performance for biomedical application.
4. Contains extensive reviews on cutting- edge research on lightweight materials for future applications in a variety of industries and their tribological performance.
5. Provides the application of sustainable composites in various fields such as aerospace, automobile, medical etc.
This book is aimed for Researchers, Professionals and Graduate students of Tribology, Composites, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Engineering.
| Preface |
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ix | |
| About the Authors |
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xi | |
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Chapter 1 Sustainable Composites |
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1 | (44) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (6) |
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1.2.1 Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Hemp (Cannabis sativa) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Jute (Corchorus capsularis) |
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3 | (2) |
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1.2.4 Flax (Linum usitatissimum) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.2.5 Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.2.6 Nettle (Urtica dioica) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.2.7 Pineapple Leaf (Ananas comosus) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.2.8 Sisal (Agave sisalana) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.2.9 Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.2.10 Coconut Fiber (Cocos nucifera) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.2.11 Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.2.12 Bamboo (Bambusoideae) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.2.13 Silk (Bombyx mori) |
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7 | (1) |
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1.2.14 Cotton (Gossipiyum) |
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7 | (1) |
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1.3 Properties of Natural Fibers |
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7 | (1) |
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1.4 Advantages of Natural Fiber Composites |
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7 | (4) |
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1.5 Disadvantages of Natural Fiber Composites |
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11 | (1) |
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1.6 Extraction of Natural Fibers |
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11 | (1) |
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1.7 Fabrication Techniques |
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11 | (1) |
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1.8 Characterization of Natural Fiber Composites |
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11 | (13) |
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1.8.1 Morphological Observation |
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16 | (1) |
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1.8.2 Physical Properties |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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1.8.4 Mechanical Performance |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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1.8.4.4 Compressive Strength |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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1.8.5 Tribological Performance |
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20 | (4) |
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1.9 Possibilities to Improve the Properties of Natural Fibers |
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24 | (9) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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1.9.2.1 Alkaline Treatment |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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1.9.2.3 Acetylation Treatment |
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26 | (1) |
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1.9.2.4 Peroxide Treatment |
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26 | (1) |
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1.9.2.5 Benzoylation Treatment |
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26 | (1) |
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1.9.2.6 Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4) Treatment |
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26 | (1) |
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1.9.2.7 Stearic Acid Treatment |
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26 | (5) |
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1.9.2.8 Functionalization of Polymers and Natural Fibers |
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31 | (2) |
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1.10 Factors Affecting the Performance of Natural Fibers Reinforced Composites (NFRCs) |
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33 | (2) |
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1.11 Applications of Natural Fibers |
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35 | (1) |
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1.12 Sustainability of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites (NFRCs) |
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35 | (3) |
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1.12.1 Environmental Perspective |
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36 | (1) |
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1.12.2 Economic Perspective |
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37 | (1) |
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1.13 Biodegradability of Sustainable Composites |
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38 | (1) |
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1.14 Future Trends and Challenges |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (6) |
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Chapter 2 Factors Affecting the Properties of Sustainable Composites |
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45 | (16) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (3) |
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48 | (3) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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2.6 Effect of Nano Material in Natural Fiber Composite |
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52 | (1) |
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2.7 Life-Cycle Assessment of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites (NFRCs) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (9) |
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Chapter 3 Tribological Behavior of Sustainable Composites |
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61 | (18) |
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61 | (1) |
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3.2 Sustainable Metallic Composites |
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62 | (6) |
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3.2.1 Fabrication Techniques of Metallic Sustainable Composites |
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62 | (5) |
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3.2.2 Tribological Characterization of Metallic Sustainable Composites |
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67 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Wear Mechanisms Observed in Metallic Sustainable Composites |
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67 | (1) |
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3.3 Sustainable Polymer Composites |
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68 | (7) |
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3.3.1 Effect of Fiber Orientations on Tribological Properties |
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68 | (4) |
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3.3.2 Effect of Fiber Orientations and Treatment on the Tribological Properties |
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72 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Effect of Operating Conditions on the Tribological Properties |
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73 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Wear Mechanisms Observed in Polymer Sustainable Composites |
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73 | (2) |
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3.4 Comparison of the Tribological Properties of a Few Polymer Sustainable Composites |
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75 | (1) |
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3.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects |
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76 | (3) |
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Chapter 4 Applications of Sustainable Composites |
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79 | (14) |
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79 | (3) |
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4.2 Applications of Sustainable Composites |
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82 | (7) |
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4.2.1 Sustainable Composites in Civil Structures |
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82 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Sustainable Composites in Automobile Industry |
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82 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Sustainable Composites in Medical Industry |
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83 | (2) |
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4.2.4 Sustainable Composites for Energy Applications |
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85 | (3) |
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4.2.5 Sustainable Composites for Miscellaneous Applications |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (4) |
| Index |
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93 | |
Dr. Jitendra Kumar Katiyar is presently working as a Research Assistant Professor, in Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Chennai, India. His research interests include tribology of carbon materials, polymer composites, self-lubricating polymers, lubrication tribology, modern manufacturing techniques and coatings for advanced technologies. He obtained his bachelor degree from UPTU Lucknow with Honours in 2007. He obtained his masters, from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India in 2010 and Ph.D. from the same institution in 2017. He is the life member of Tribology Society of India, Malaysian Society of Tribology, Institute of Engineers, India and The Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE) etc. He has authored/ co- authored/ published more than 35+ articles in reputed journals, 35+ articles in international/national conferences, 15+ Book Chapters, 10+ books published in CRC Press USA and Springer Nature. Further, he has published a book on Engineering Thermodynamics for UG level in Khanna Publication. He has served as a guest editor for special issue in Tribology Materials, Surfaces and Interfaces, Journal of Engineering Tribology Part J, Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering Part E, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, and Frontier in Mechanical Engineering: Tribology. Further, he is Member Editorial Board in Tribology Materials, Surfaces and Interfaces and Review Editor in Frontier in Mechanical Engineering. He is also an active reviewer in various reputed journals related to materials, manufacturing and tribology. He has delivered more than 30+ invited talk on various research fields related to tribology, composite materials, surface engineering and machining. He has organized 7+ FDP/Short Term Courses and International Tribology Research Symposium in tribology. He has been teaching modern manufacturing technology, computer aided design, computer aided manufacturing, metrology and quality control, basic civil and mechanical engineering, manufacturing technology in UG and tribology in design in PG at SRMIST.
Dr. Mohammed Abdul Samad is an Associate Professor and the Director of Tribology Lab in the ME Department at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, KSA. He has earned his BS in Mechanical Engineering from the University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad. He has earned his Masters in ME, from King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia and joined the department as a lecturer. He has earned his Ph.D in Mechanical Engineering from the National University of Singapore, Singapore. His main research interests include Micro\Nano tribology, thin films, coatings and nano-composites. He has about 80 journal papers in reputed journals on wide-ranging subjects including polymeric and metal composites. He has handled a guest editorship for a special issue on Tribology in Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. He is also a active reviewer in various reputed journals. He has also delivered several invited talks on various research fields related to tribology, composite materials, surface engineering and machining. He was instrumental in obtaining funding for several research projects from different organizations.
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