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El. knyga: Unconventional Methods for Oil & Gas Exploration in Cuba: The Redox Complex

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This book studies the “Redox Complex”, a complex of unconventional geophysical-geochemical exploration techniques used for the indirect detection, characterization and evaluation of various metal targets, while also illustrating selected applications of unconventional geophysical-geochemical methods for oil exploration in Cuba. This complex is successfully applied in various fields: oil & gas and metal ores exploration; studies of oil and metal contaminants in soils; and the search for metallic archaeological burials. The use of these techniques is intended to complement the conventional prospecting complex by reducing areas and/or facilitating the selection of the most favorable targets, improving the economical-geological effectiveness of investigations in the process. Further, the Redox Complex can be implemented without physical or chemical damage to the environment. 
The book’s primary goals are to: 1) outline the general features characterizing the processes of metal mobilization, transport   and accumulation on surficial media; 2) outline the methodology, data interpretation and mathematical apparatus that support     quantitative estimates of the Redox Complex; and 3) design a database and applications system (the Redox System) to address storage processes, reports, graphics and the corresponding interpretations of the Redox Complex in a quick and reliable way. 
To do so, it examines the regions of Havana-Matanzas (Varadero Oil Field, Cantel Oil Field and Madruga Prospect) and Ciego de Ávila (Pina Oil Field, Cristales Oil Field, Jatibonico Oil Field, Jatibonico Oeste Prospect and Cacahual Prospect). The methods covered include, in some cases, airborne gamma spectrometry (K/eTh ratio) beside ORP  and, in others, the Redox Complex with reduced or standard attributes. In all cases, the anomalous complex of interest corresponds to the correlation of the minimum K/eTh ratio with minimum ORP and, in the case of the Redox Complex, Magnetic Susceptibility highs with ORP lows, Spectral Reflectance lows and maximum Content of Chemical Elements (V, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe).
1 The Redox Complex: Methodological and Theoretical--Empirical Considerations
1(18)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Principle of Vertical Migration of Metal Ions
2(3)
1.3 Possibilities and Limitations of Redox Complex in Different Areas of Application
5(1)
1.3.1 Hydrocarbon Exploration
5(1)
1.3.2 Metallic Mineral Exploration
5(1)
1.3.3 Environmental Studies
6(1)
1.3.4 Archeological Studies
6(1)
1.4 Methodology of Redox Complex
6(2)
1.5 Data Interpretation of Redox Complex
8(2)
1.6 Mathematical Apparatus for Quantitative Interpretation
10(4)
1.6.1 Redox Potential--Mathematical Expressions
10(1)
1.6.2 Content of Chemical Elements---Mathematical Expressions
11(1)
1.6.3 Metal Source Quality
12(1)
1.6.4 Relations Among Reduced or Standardized Attributes---Mathematical Expressions
12(2)
1.7 Empirical Foundation of the Redox Complex
14(1)
1.8 Updating Issues
15(1)
1.9 Novelty
15(1)
1.10 Economic Assessment and Social Contribution
15(1)
1.11 Conclusions and Recommendations
15(4)
References
16(3)
2 Historical Development of Redox Complex
19(18)
2.1 Introduction
20(1)
2.2 Historical Development of Redox Complex
20(2)
2.3 Methodological Aspects
22(2)
2.4 Research Objects
24(1)
2.5 Redox Complex Economic--Technical Data
25(1)
2.6 Results
26(8)
2.7 Conclusions
34(3)
References
34(3)
3 Processes Controlling Metal Mobilization, Transport, and Accumulation in the Surficial Environment over Buried Ore Bodies and Hydrocarbon Deposits: A Review
37(12)
3.1 Introduction
37(1)
3.2 Summary on Some Geochemical and Geophysics--Geochemical Exploration Techniques Used for the Study of Concealed Ore Bodies and Hydrocarbon Deposits
38(2)
3.3 Summary on Some Theories Explaining Surface Anomalies Over Deeply Buried Mineralization
40(1)
3.4 Summary on Theories Explaining Surface Anomalies Over Hydrocarbon Deposits
41(3)
3.5 Summary on Microbial Activity Related to Buried Mineralization and Hydrocarbon Deposits
44(1)
3.6 Final Considerations and Conclusion
45(4)
References
46(3)
4 The Redox System: The Redox Complex Database and Interpretation System
49(10)
4.1 Introduction
49(1)
4.2 Materials and Methods
50(1)
4.3 Results
51(1)
4.3.1 Redox System Environment
51(1)
4.4 Interface Environment
52(5)
4.5 Conclusion
57(2)
References
57(2)
Appendix 59(10)
Index 69