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Understanding Our Universe Fourth Edition [Multiple-component retail product]

3.70/5 (57 ratings by Goodreads)
(Weber State University), (University of California, Santa Cruz)
  • Formatas: Multiple-component retail product, 576 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 277x246x18 mm, weight: 1202 g, Contains 1 Paperback / softback and 1 Digital product license key
  • Išleidimo metai: 08-Dec-2020
  • Leidėjas: WW Norton & Co
  • ISBN-10: 0393533816
  • ISBN-13: 9780393533811
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Multiple-component retail product, 576 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 277x246x18 mm, weight: 1202 g, Contains 1 Paperback / softback and 1 Digital product license key
  • Išleidimo metai: 08-Dec-2020
  • Leidėjas: WW Norton & Co
  • ISBN-10: 0393533816
  • ISBN-13: 9780393533811
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Stacy Palen knows that introductory astronomy may be the only science course some students take in their college careers, so its their best chance to develop scientific literacy. Education research shows that the best way to attain scientific literacy is through active learning. Understanding Our Universe, Fourth Edition makes it easier for instructors to help students understand the concepts and learn to value science by providing activities that can be used before, during and after class. By expanding her pedagogy to include What If scenarios and What an Astronomer Sees figure captions, Stacy helps students build scientific literacy and to think critically about science in the media.

Daugiau informacijos

with Ebook, At Play in the Cosmos: The Videogame, Smartwork, and Student Site
AstroTours xvi
Interactive Simulations xvi
Astronomy in Action Videos xvi
Preface xvii
About the Authors xxviii
PART I INTRODUCTION TO ASTRONOMY
1 Our Place in the Universe
2(18)
1.1 Astronomy Creates a Universal Context
4(4)
1.2 Science Is a Way of Viewing the World
8(3)
1.3 Astronomers Use Mathematics to Find Patterns
11(9)
Working it out 1.1 Units and Scientific Notation
14(1)
Reading astronomy news "Breakthrough: Scientists Detect Einstein's Gravity Ripples"
15(1)
Summary
16(1)
Questions and problems
17(2)
Exploration Scaling the Solar System
19(1)
2 Patterns in the Sky-Motions of Earth and the Moon
20(24)
2.1 Earth Spins on Its Axis
22(6)
Working it out 2.1 Manipulating Equations
24(4)
2.2 Revolution around the Sun Leads to Changes during the Year
28(6)
2.3 The Moon's Appearance Changes As It Orbits Earth
34(3)
2.4 Shadows Cause Eclipses
37(7)
Reading astronomy news" Eclipse 2017: `I Need Like Two More Hours of That'"
39(1)
Summary
40(1)
Questions and problems
41(2)
Exploration Phases of the Moon
43(1)
3 Laws of Motion
44(26)
3.1 Astronomers Have Studied the Motions of the Planets since Ancient Times
46(5)
Working it out 3.1 Kepler's Third Law
50(1)
3.2 Galileo Was the First Modern Scientist
51(1)
3.3 Newton's Laws Govern Motion
52(4)
Working it out 3.2 Finding the Acceleration
54(2)
3.4 Gravity Is a Force between Any Two Massive Objects
56(4)
Working it out 3.3 Newton's Law of Gravity: Playing with Proportionality
58(2)
3.5 Orbits Are One Body "Falling around" Another
60(10)
Reading astronomy news" This Interstellar Asteroid Is Accelerating"
64(2)
Summary
66(1)
Questions and problems
66(3)
Exploration Newtonian Orbits
69(1)
4 Light and Telescopes
70(24)
4.1 What Is Light?
72(7)
Working it out 4.1 Wavelength and Frequency
75(4)
4.2 Cameras and Spectrographs Record Astronomical Data
79(3)
4.3 Telescopes Collect Light
82(12)
Working it out 4.2 Diffraction Limit
87(2)
Reading astronomy news" NASA's James Webb Space Telescope Could Study Planet 9"
89(1)
Summary
90(1)
Questions and problems
91(2)
Exploration Light as a Wave
93(1)
PART II THE SOLAR SYSTEM
5 The Formation of Stars and Planets
94(30)
5.1 Molecular Clouds Are the Cradles of Star Formation
96(3)
5.2 The Protostar Becomes a Star
99(5)
Working it out 5.1 The Stefan-Boltzmann Law and Wien's Law
100(4)
5.3 Planets Form in a Disk around the Protostar
104(5)
5.4 The Inner and Outer Disk Have Different Compositions
109(1)
5.5 A Case Study: The Solar System
110(3)
5.6 Planetary Systems Are Common
113(11)
Working it out 5.2 Making Use of the Doppler Shift
115(4)
Reading astronomy news" Citizen Scientists Discover Rare Exoplanet"
119(1)
Summary
120(1)
Questions and problems
120(3)
Exploration Exploring Exoplanets
123(1)
6 Terrestrial Worlds in the Inner Solar System
124(30)
6.1 Impacts Help Shape the Terrestrial Planets
127(5)
Working it out 6.1 How to Read Cosmic Clocks
131(1)
6.2 The Surfaces of Terrestrial Planets Are Affected by Processes in the Interior
132(6)
Working it out 6.2 The Density of Earth
133(5)
6.3 Planetary Surfaces Evolve through Tectonism
138(5)
6.4 Volcanism Reveals a Geologically Active Planet
143(3)
6.5 Wind and Water Modify Surfaces
146(8)
Reading astronomy news" The North Pole Is Mysteriously Moving, and the U.S. Government Finally Caught Up"
149(1)
Summary
150(1)
Questions and problems
150(3)
Exploration Earth's Tides
153(1)
7 Atmospheres of Venus, Earth, and Mars
154(28)
7.1 Atmospheres Change over Time
156(2)
7.2 Secondary Atmospheres Evolve
158(5)
Working it out 7.1 How Can We Find the Temperature of a Planet?
160(3)
7.3 Earth's Atmosphere Has Detailed Structure
163(8)
7.4 The Atmospheres of Venus and Mars Differ from Earth's
171(2)
7.5 Earth's Climate Is Changing
173(9)
Reading astronomy news" Curiosity Rover Sees Signs of Vanishing Martian Atmosphere"
177(1)
Summary
178(1)
Questions and problems
178(3)
Exploration Climate Change
181(1)
8 The Giant Planets
182(28)
8.1 Giant Planets Are Large, Cold, and Massive
184(5)
Working it out 8.1 Finding the Diameter of a Giant Planet
187(2)
8.2 The Giant Planets Have Clouds and Weather
189(6)
8.3 The Interiors of the Giant Planets Are Hot and Dense
195(2)
Working it out 8.2 Internal Thermal Energy Heats the Giant Planets
196(1)
8.4 The Giant Planets Are Magnetic Powerhouses
197(4)
8.5 Rings Surround the Giant Planets
201(9)
Reading astronomy news" Saturn's Rings May Be Younger Than the Dinosaurs"
205(1)
Summary
206(1)
Questions and problems
207(2)
Exploration Estimating Rotation Periods of Giant Planets
209(1)
9 Small Bodies of the Solar System
210(30)
9.1 Dwarf Planets May Outnumber Planets
212(3)
9.2 Moons as Small Worlds
215(6)
9.3 Asteroids Are Pieces of the Past
221(2)
9.4 Comets Are Clumps of Ice
223(6)
9.5 Comet and Asteroid Collisions Still Happen Today
229(2)
Working it out 9.1 Finding the Radius of a Meteoroid
230(1)
9.6 Meteorites Are Remnants of the Early Solar System
231(9)
Reading astronomy news" NASA Won't Launch a Mission to Hunt Deadly Asteroids"
235(1)
Summary
236(1)
Questions and problems
237(2)
Exploration Comparative Dwarf Planetology
239(1)
PART III STARS AND STELLAR EVOLUTION
10 Measuring the Stars
240(30)
10.1 The Luminosity of a Star Can Be Found from Its Brightness and Distance
242(7)
Working it out 10.1 Parallax and Distance
247(2)
10.2 Radiation Tells Us the Temperature, Size, and Composition of Stars
249(9)
10.3 The Mass of a Star Can Be Determined in Some Binary Systems
258(3)
10.4 The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Is the Key to Understanding Stars
261(9)
Reading astronomy news" Mystery of Nearby SS Cygni Star System Finally Resolved"
265(1)
Summary
266(1)
Questions and problems
266(3)
Exploration The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
269(1)
11 Our Star: The Sun
270(26)
11.1 The Structure of the Sun Is a Matter of Balance
272(6)
Working it out 11.1 How Much Longer Will the Sun "Live"?
275(3)
11.2 Energy in the Sun's Core Moves through Radiation and Convection
278(3)
11.3 The Atmosphere of the Sun
281(3)
11.4 The Atmosphere of the Sun Is Very Active
284(12)
Working it out n.2 Sunspots and Temperature
286(5)
Reading astronomy news" New Sunspots Potentially Herald Increased Solar Activity"
291(1)
Summary
292(1)
Questions and problems
292(3)
Exploration The Proton-Proton Chain
295(1)
12 Evolution of Low-Mass Stars
296(28)
12.1 The Life of a Main-Sequence Star Follows a Predictable Path
298(3)
Working it out 12.1 Estimating Main-Sequence Lifetimes
300(1)
12.2 A Star Runs Out of Hydrogen and Leaves the Main Sequence
301(3)
12.3 Helium Begins to Burn in the Degenerate Core
304(3)
12.4 The Low-Mass Star Enters the Last Stages of Its Evolution
307(6)
12.5 Binary Stars Sometimes Share Mass, Resulting in Novae and Supernovae
313(3)
12.6 Star Clusters Are Snapshots of Stellar Evolution
316(8)
Reading astronomy news" Scientists May Be Missing Many Star Explosions"
319(1)
Summary
320(1)
Questions and problems
321(2)
Exploration Evolution of Low-Mass Stars
323(1)
13 Evolution of High-Mass Stars
324(34)
13.1 High-Mass Stars Follow Their Own Path
326(4)
13.2 High-Mass Stars Go Out with a Bang
330(4)
13.3 Supernovae Change the Galaxy
334(4)
13.4 Einstein Moved beyond Newtonian Physics
338(5)
Working it out 13.1 The Boxcar Experiment
341(2)
13.5 Gravity Is a Distortion of Spacetime
343(6)
Working it out 13.2 Finding the Schwarzschild Radius
349(1)
13.6 Black Holes Are a Natural Limit
349(9)
Reading astronomy news" Ligo Is Back and It's on the Hunt for Gravitational Waves Again"
353(1)
Summary
354(1)
Questions and problems
354(3)
Exploration The CNO Cycle
357(1)
PART IV GALAXIES, THE UNIVERSE, AND COSMOLOGY
14 Measuring Galaxies
358(24)
14.1 Galaxies Come in Many Sizes and Shapes
360(5)
14.2 There Are Many Ways to Measure Astronomical Distances
365(3)
14.3 We Live in an Expanding Universe
368(3)
Working it out 14.1 Redshift: Calculating the Recession Velocities and Distances of Galaxies
370(1)
14.4 A Supermassive Black Hole Exists at the Heart of Most Galaxies
371(11)
Reading astronomy news "The Milky Way Ate Another Galaxy
10(367)
Billion Years Ago--and We Now Know More About This Cosmic Cannibalism Event"
377(1)
Summary
378(1)
Questions and problems
379(2)
Exploration Galaxy Classification
381(1)
15 Dark Matter and the Milky Way
382(26)
15.1 Galaxies Are Mostly Dark Matter
384(6)
Working it out 15.1 Finding the Mass of a Galaxy
385(5)
15.2 Stars Form in the Spiral Arms of a Galaxy's Disk
390(5)
15.3 Components of the Milky Way Reveal Its Evolution
395(5)
15.4 The Milky Way Offers Clues about How Galaxies Form
400(8)
Reading astronomy news "Dark Matter Particles Won't Kill You. If They Could, They Would Have Already"
403(1)
Summary
404(1)
Questions and problems
405(2)
Exploration Dark Matter in a Galaxy
407(1)
16 The Evolution of the Universe
408(28)
16.1 Hubble's Law Implies a Hot, Dense Beginning
410(5)
Working it out 16.1 Expansion and the Age of the Universe
411(4)
16.2 The Cosmic Microwave Background Confirms the Big Bang
415(4)
16.3 The Expansion of the Universe Is Speeding Up
419(3)
16.4 The Earliest Moments of the Universe Connect the Very Largest Size Scales to the Very Smallest
422(4)
16.5 Inflation Solves Several Problems in Cosmology
426(2)
16.6 Are There Other Universes?
428(8)
Reading astronomy news" Gravity May Have Chased Light in the Early Universe"
430(1)
Summary
431(1)
Questions and problems
431(3)
Exploration Hubble's Law for Balloons
434(2)
17 Formation of Structure
436(24)
17.1 Galaxies Form Groups, Clusters, and Larger Structures
438(4)
Working it out 17.1 Mass of a Cluster of Galaxies
442(1)
17.2 Gravity Drives the Formation of Large-Scale Structure
442(6)
17.3 The First Stars and Galaxies Form
448(3)
17.4 Galaxies Evolve
451(3)
17.5 Astronomers Think about the Far Future
454(6)
Reading astronomy news" Massive Black Holes Sidle Up to Other Galaxies"
456(1)
Summary
456(1)
Questions and problems
457(2)
Exploration The Story of a Proton
459(1)
18 Life in the Universe
460(2)
18.1 Life on Earth Began Early and Evolved over Time
462(7)
Working it out 18.1 Exponential Growth
468(1)
18.2 Life beyond Earth Is Possible
469(6)
18.3 Scientists Search for Signs of Intelligent Life
475(5)
18.4 The Fate of Life on Earth
480(3)
Reading astronomy news "Tardigrades Are Now on the Moon Thanks to a Crashed Israeli Spacecraft"
483(1)
Summary
484(1)
Questions and problems
484(3)
Exploration Fermi Problems and the Drake Equation
487
Appendix 1 Periodic Table of the Elements 1(1)
Appendix 2 Properties of Planets, Dwarf Planets, and Moons 2(3)
Appendix 3 Nearest and Brightest Stars 5(2)
Appendix 4 Star Maps 7
Glossary 1(1)
Selected Answers 1(1)
Credits 1(1)
Index 1
Stacy Palen is an award-winning professor in the physics department at Weber State University. She received her BS in physics from Rutgers University and her PhD in physics from the University of Iowa. As a lecturer and postdoc at the University of Washington, she taught Introductory Astronomy more than 20 times over 4 years. Since joining Weber State, she has been very active in science outreach activities ranging from star parties to running the state Science Olympiad. Stacy does research in formal and informal astronomy education and the death of Sun-like stars. She spends much of her time thinking, teaching, and writing about the applications of science in everyday life. She then puts that science to use on her small farm in Ogden, Utah. George Blumenthal is the director of the Center for Studies in Higher Education at the University of California, Berkeley. From 2006 to 2019 he was chancellor at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He joined the UC Santa Cruz faculty as a professor of astronomy and astrophysics in 1972. Chancellor Blumenthal received his BS degree from the University of WisconsinMilwaukee and his PhD in physics from the University of California, San Diego. As a theoretical astrophysicist, Blumenthal's research encompasses several broad areas, including the nature of the dark matter that constitutes most of the mass in the universe, the origin of galaxies and other large structures in the universe, the earliest moments in the universe, astrophysical radiation processes, and the structure of active galactic nuclei such as quasars.