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Part 1 Basic Concepts of Pathophysiology |
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1 | (39) |
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Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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Structure and Function of Cellular Components |
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2 | (9) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (6) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (2) |
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Extracellular Matrix and Basement Membrane |
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12 | (1) |
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Specialized Cell Junctions |
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12 | (1) |
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Cellular Communication and Signal Transduction |
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13 | (4) |
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17 | (1) |
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Role of Adenosine Triphosphate |
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17 | (1) |
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Food and Production of Cellular Energy |
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17 | (1) |
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Oxidative Phosphorylation |
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18 | (1) |
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Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and Output |
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18 | (9) |
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20 | (3) |
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Transport by Vesicle Formation |
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23 | (3) |
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Movement of Electrical Impulses: Membrane Potentials |
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26 | (1) |
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Cellular Reproduction: The Cell Cycle |
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27 | (1) |
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Phases of Mitosis and Cytokinesis |
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27 | (1) |
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Control of Cell Division and Cell Growth: Mitogens, Growth Factors, and Survival Factors |
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28 | (1) |
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DNA Damage Response: Blocks Cell Division |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (12) |
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Tissue Formation and Differentiation |
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29 | (11) |
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2 Genes and Genetic Diseases |
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40 | (24) |
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DNA, RNA, and Proteins: Heredity at the Molecular Level |
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40 | (4) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (3) |
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44 | (7) |
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Chromosome Aberrations and Associated Diseases |
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44 | (7) |
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Elements of Formal Genetics |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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Dominance and Recessiveness |
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51 | (1) |
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Transmission of Genetic Diseases |
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51 | (7) |
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Autosomal Dominant Inheritance |
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52 | (2) |
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Autosomal Recessive Inheritance |
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54 | (2) |
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56 | (2) |
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Linkage Analysis and Gene Mapping |
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58 | (1) |
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Classic Pedigree Analysis |
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58 | (1) |
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Complete Human Gene Map: Prospects and Benefits |
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58 | (1) |
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Multifactorial Inheritance |
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59 | (5) |
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3 Epigenetics and Disease |
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64 | (9) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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Epigenetics and Human Development |
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65 | (1) |
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Epigenetics in Genomic Imprinting |
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66 | (1) |
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Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes |
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66 | (1) |
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Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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Environmental Impacts on Epigenetic Information |
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67 | (2) |
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Epigenetics and Nutrition |
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67 | (1) |
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Epigenetics and Maternal Care |
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68 | (1) |
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Twin Studies Provide Insights on Epigenetic Modification |
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68 | (1) |
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Molecular Approaches to Understand Epigenetic Disease |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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DNA Methylation and Cancer |
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69 | (1) |
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Epigenetic Screening for Cancer |
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70 | (1) |
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Emerging Strategies for the Treatment of Epigenetic Disease |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (2) |
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4 Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology |
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73 | (38) |
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74 | (3) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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Dysplasia: Not a True Adaptive Change |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (17) |
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General Mechanisms of Cell Injury |
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77 | (1) |
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Ischemic and Hypoxic Injury |
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77 | (1) |
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Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury |
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78 | (1) |
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Free Radicals and Reactive Oxygen Species---Oxidative Stress |
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79 | (3) |
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82 | (8) |
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Unintentional and Intentional Injuries |
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90 | (3) |
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93 | (1) |
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Immunologic and Inflammatory Injury |
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94 | (1) |
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Manifestations of Cellular Injury |
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94 | (5) |
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Cellular Manifestations: Accumulations |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (1) |
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Systemic Manifestations of Cellular Injury |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (5) |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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Aging and Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology |
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104 | (2) |
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Normal Life Span and Life Expectancy |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (5) |
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5 Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases |
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111 | (22) |
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Distribution of Body Fluids and Electrolytes |
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111 | (2) |
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Water Movement Between Plasma and Interstitial Fluid |
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112 | (1) |
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Water Movement Between ICF and ECF |
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113 | (1) |
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Alterations in Water Movement |
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113 | (2) |
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113 | (2) |
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Sodium, Chloride, and Water Balance |
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115 | (2) |
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Alterations in Sodium, Chloride, and Water Balance |
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117 | (3) |
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Isotonic Fluid Alterations |
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118 | (1) |
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Hypertonic Fluid Alterations |
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118 | (1) |
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Hypotonic Fluid Alterations |
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119 | (1) |
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Alterations in Potassium and Other Electrolytes |
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120 | (3) |
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120 | (3) |
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Other Electrolytes---Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (7) |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (3) |
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Pediatric Considerations: Distribution of Body Fluids |
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130 | (1) |
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Geriatric Considerations: Distribution of Body Fluids |
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130 | (3) |
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UNIT 2 Mechanisms of Self-Defense |
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6 Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing |
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133 | (23) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (13) |
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First Line of Defense: Physical and Biochemical Barriers and the Human Microbiome |
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133 | (2) |
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Second Line of Defense: Inflammation |
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135 | (4) |
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Cellular Components of Inflammation |
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139 | (7) |
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Acute and Chronic Inflammation |
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146 | (1) |
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Local Manifestations of Acute Inflammation |
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146 | (1) |
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Systemic Manifestations of Acute Inflammation |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (5) |
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Phase I Hemostasis (Coagulation) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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Phase III Proliferation and New Tissue Formation |
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149 | (1) |
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Phase IV Remodeling and Maturation |
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150 | (1) |
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Dysfunctional Wound Healing |
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150 | (2) |
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PEDIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS: Age-Related Factors Affecting Innate Immunity in the Newborn Child |
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152 | (1) |
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GERIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS: Age-Related Factors Affecting Innate Immunity in the Elderly |
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153 | (3) |
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156 | (18) |
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Overview of Adaptive Immunity |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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Immune Response: Collaboration of B Cells and T Cells |
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157 | (6) |
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Generation of Clonal Diversity |
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157 | (4) |
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161 | (2) |
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Humoral Immunity (Antibodies) |
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163 | (5) |
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163 | (3) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (3) |
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169 | (2) |
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Pediatric Considerations: Age-Related Factors Affecting Mechanisms of Self-Defense in the Newborn Child |
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171 | (1) |
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Geriatric Considerations: Age-Related Factors Affecting Mechanisms of Self-Defense in the Elderly |
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171 | (3) |
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8 Alterations in Immunity |
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174 | (22) |
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Hypersensitivity Reactions |
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174 | (1) |
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Immunologic Mechanisms of Hypersensitivity Reactions |
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174 | (12) |
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Mechanisms of Hypersensitivity Reactions |
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175 | (6) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (3) |
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186 | (10) |
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Initial Clinical Presentation |
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186 | (1) |
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Primary (Congenital) Immune Deficiencies |
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186 | (2) |
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Secondary (Acquired) Immune Deficiencies |
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188 | (8) |
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196 | (14) |
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Microorganisms and Humans: a Dynamic Relationship |
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196 | (3) |
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196 | (2) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (7) |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (3) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (2) |
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Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance |
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206 | (1) |
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Vaccines and Protection Against Infection |
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207 | (3) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (2) |
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210 | (17) |
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Background and General Concepts of Stress |
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210 | (1) |
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Traditional Overview of Stress |
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210 | (1) |
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Modern Overview of Stress: Allostasis and Allostatic Overload |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (7) |
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Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis |
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213 | (3) |
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The Autonomic Nervous System |
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216 | (1) |
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Role of the Immune System |
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217 | (1) |
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Chronic Stress at an Early Age Increases the Risk of Developing Long-Lasting Pathophysiologic Alterations Linked to Poor Health and to Disease |
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218 | (3) |
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Negative Effects of Stress on Telomere Length, Aging, and Disease |
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221 | (1) |
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Coping and Intervention Strategies |
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221 | (6) |
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Staying on the Good Side of the Stress Spectrum |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (4) |
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UNIT 3 Cellular Proliferation: Cancer |
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227 | (31) |
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Cancer Terminology and Characteristics |
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227 | (1) |
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Tumor Classification and Nomenclature |
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227 | (1) |
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The Biology of Cancer Cells |
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228 | (19) |
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Sustained Proliferative Signaling |
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232 | (3) |
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Evading Growth Suppressors |
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235 | (3) |
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238 | (1) |
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Enabling Replication Immortality |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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Reprogramming Energy Metabolism |
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239 | (2) |
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Resistance to Destruction |
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241 | (3) |
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Activating Invasion and Metastasis |
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244 | (3) |
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Clinical Manifestations of Cancer |
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247 | (2) |
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247 | (1) |
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Molecular Mechanisms of Cachexia |
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247 | (2) |
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Diagnosis and Staging of Cancer |
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249 | (3) |
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249 | (3) |
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Classification of Tumors: Immunohistochemical and Genetic Analysis |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (6) |
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252 | (6) |
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258 | (33) |
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Genetics, Epigenetics, and Tissue |
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258 | (6) |
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Incidence and Mortality Trends |
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264 | (1) |
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In Utero and Early Life Conditions |
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264 | (1) |
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Environmental-Lifestyle Factors |
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265 | (26) |
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265 | (2) |
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267 | (1) |
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Nutrition, Obesity, Alcohol Consumption, and Physical Activity: Impacts on Cancer |
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267 | (7) |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (4) |
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280 | (2) |
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Electromagnetic Radiation |
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282 | (1) |
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Infection, Sexual and Reproductive Behavior |
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282 | (1) |
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Other Viruses and Microorganisms |
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283 | (1) |
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Chemical and Occupational Hazards as Carcinogens |
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283 | (8) |
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13 Cancer in Children and Adolescents |
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291 | (7) |
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Incidence, Etiology, and Types of Childhood Cancer |
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291 | (5) |
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292 | (1) |
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Genetic and Genomic Factors |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (2) |
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Part 2 Body Systems and Diseases |
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UNIT 4 The Neurologic System |
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14 Structure and Function of the Neurologic System |
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298 | (29) |
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Overview and Organization of the Nervous System |
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298 | (1) |
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Cells of the Nervous System |
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298 | (3) |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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Nerve Injury and Regeneration |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (2) |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (11) |
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303 | (5) |
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308 | (3) |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (3) |
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314 | (3) |
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Blood Supply to the Brain |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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Blood Supply to the Spinal Cord |
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315 | (2) |
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Peripheral Nervous System |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (6) |
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Anatomy of the Sympathetic Nervous System |
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319 | (2) |
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Anatomy of the Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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321 | (1) |
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Neurotransmitters and Neuroreceptors |
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322 | (1) |
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Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System |
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322 | (2) |
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Geriatric Considerations: Aging and the Nervous System |
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324 | (3) |
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15 Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function |
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327 | (24) |
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327 | (6) |
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327 | (2) |
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329 | (1) |
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Clinical Descriptions of Pain |
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330 | (3) |
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333 | (2) |
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Control of Body Temperature |
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333 | (1) |
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Temperature Regulation in Infants and Elderly Persons |
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333 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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334 | (1) |
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Disorders of Temperature Regulation |
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335 | (1) |
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335 | (3) |
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336 | (2) |
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338 | (6) |
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338 | (4) |
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342 | (2) |
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Geriatric Considerations: Aging & Changes in Hearing |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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Geriatric Considerations: Aging & Changes in Olfaction and Taste |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (6) |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (5) |
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16 Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function |
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351 | (33) |
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Alterations in Cognitive Systems |
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351 | (16) |
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351 | (6) |
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357 | (2) |
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359 | (6) |
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365 | (2) |
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Alterations in Cerebral Hemodynamics |
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367 | (3) |
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Increased Intracranial Pressure |
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367 | (2) |
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369 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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Alterations in Neuromotor Function |
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370 | (8) |
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Alterations in Muscle Tone |
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370 | (2) |
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Alterations in Muscle Movement |
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372 | (3) |
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Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Syndromes |
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375 | (2) |
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377 | (1) |
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
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377 | (1) |
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Alterations in Complex Motor Performance |
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378 | (1) |
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Disorders of Posture (Stance) |
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378 | (1) |
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379 | (1) |
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379 | (1) |
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Extrapyramidal Motor Syndromes |
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379 | (5) |
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17 Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction |
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384 | (30) |
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Central Nervous System Disorders |
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384 | (21) |
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Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury |
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384 | (8) |
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Degenerative Disorders of the Spine |
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392 | (3) |
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Cerebrovascular Disorders |
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395 | (5) |
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Primary Headache Syndromes |
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400 | (1) |
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Infection and Inflammation of the Central Nervous System |
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401 | (2) |
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403 | (2) |
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Peripheral Nervous System and Neuromuscular Junction Disorders |
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405 | (1) |
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Peripheral Nervous System Disorders |
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405 | (1) |
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Neuromuscular Junction Disorders |
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405 | (1) |
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Tumors of the Central Nervous System |
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406 | (8) |
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406 | (3) |
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409 | (5) |
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18 Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children |
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414 | (15) |
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Development of the Nervous System in Children |
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414 | (1) |
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415 | (5) |
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Defects of Neural Tube Closure |
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416 | (1) |
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417 | (2) |
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Malformations of Brain Development |
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419 | (1) |
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Alterations in Function: Encephalopathies |
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420 | (3) |
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Static (Nonprogressive) Encephalopathies |
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420 | (1) |
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Inherited Metabolic Disorders of the Central Nervous System |
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421 | (1) |
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Intoxications of the Central Nervous System |
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422 | (1) |
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Infections of the Central Nervous System |
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422 | (1) |
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Cerebrovascular Disease in Children |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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Epilepsy and Seizure Disorders in Children |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (6) |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (6) |
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UNIT 5 The Endocrine System |
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19 Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation |
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429 | (18) |
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Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation |
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429 | (4) |
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Regulation of Hormone Release |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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430 | (3) |
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Structure and Function of the Endocrine Glands |
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433 | (11) |
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary System |
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433 | (4) |
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437 | (1) |
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Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands |
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437 | (2) |
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439 | (2) |
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441 | (3) |
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Geriatric Considerations: Aging and Its Effects on Specific Endocrine Glands |
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444 | (3) |
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20 Alterations of Hormonal Regulation |
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447 | (27) |
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Mechanisms of Hormonal Alterations |
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447 | (1) |
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Alterations of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary System |
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447 | (5) |
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Diseases of the Posterior Pituitary |
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447 | (2) |
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Diseases of the Anterior Pituitary |
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449 | (3) |
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Alterations of Thyroid Function |
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452 | (4) |
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Thyrotoxicosis/Hyperthyroidism |
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452 | (2) |
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454 | (1) |
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455 | (1) |
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Alterations of Parathyroid Function |
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456 | (1) |
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456 | (1) |
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456 | (1) |
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Dysfunction of the Endocrine Pancreas: Diabetes Mellitus |
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457 | (10) |
|
Types of Diabetes Mellitus |
|
|
457 | (4) |
|
Acute Complications of Diabetes Mellitus |
|
|
461 | (3) |
|
Chronic Complications of Diabetes Mellitus |
|
|
464 | (3) |
|
Alterations of Adrenal Function |
|
|
467 | (7) |
|
Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex |
|
|
467 | (3) |
|
Tumors of the Adrenal Medulla |
|
|
470 | (4) |
|
21 Obesity, Starvation, and Anorexia of Aging |
|
|
474 | (10) |
|
|
|
474 | (2) |
|
Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Food Intake and Energy Balance |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
476 | (4) |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
|
480 | (4) |
|
UNIT 6 The Hematologic System |
|
|
|
22 Structure and Function of the Hematologic System |
|
|
484 | (21) |
|
|
Components of the Hematologic System |
|
|
484 | (6) |
|
|
484 | (4) |
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
Development of Blood Cells |
|
|
490 | (6) |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
491 | (5) |
|
|
496 | (3) |
|
Function of Blood Vessels |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Function of Clotting Factors |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
Control of Hemostatic Mechanisms |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
Retraction and Lysis of Blood Clots |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
499 | (6) |
|
23 Alterations of Hematologic Function |
|
|
505 | (43) |
|
|
|
505 | (9) |
|
Classification and General Characteristics |
|
|
505 | (2) |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
Anemias of Diminished Erythropoiesis |
|
|
507 | (7) |
|
Myeloproliferative Red Cell Disorders |
|
|
514 | (3) |
|
|
514 | (2) |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
Alterations of Leukocyte Function |
|
|
517 | (10) |
|
Quantitative Alterations of Leukocytes |
|
|
517 | (10) |
|
Alterations of Lymphoid Function |
|
|
527 | (7) |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
527 | (4) |
|
|
531 | (3) |
|
Alterations of Splenic Function |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
Hemorrhagic Disorders and Alterations of Platelets and Coagulation |
|
|
535 | (13) |
|
|
536 | (3) |
|
Alterations of Platelet Function |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
|
539 | (9) |
|
24 Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children |
|
|
548 | (15) |
|
|
|
Disorders of Erythrocytes |
|
|
548 | (9) |
|
|
548 | (3) |
|
|
551 | (6) |
|
Disorders of Coagulation and Platelets |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
Inherited Hemorrhagic Disease |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
Antibody-Mediated Hemorrhagic Disease |
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
|
558 | (5) |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
559 | (4) |
|
UNIT 7 The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems |
|
|
|
25 Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems |
|
|
563 | (28) |
|
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
|
563 | (14) |
|
Structures That Direct Circulation Through the Heart |
|
|
564 | (3) |
|
Structures That Support Cardiac Metabolism: Coronary Circulation |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
Structures That Control Heart Action |
|
|
568 | (6) |
|
Factors Affecting Cardiac Output |
|
|
574 | (3) |
|
|
577 | (8) |
|
Structure of Blood Vessels |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
Factors Affecting Blood Flow |
|
|
577 | (4) |
|
Regulation of Blood Pressure |
|
|
581 | (4) |
|
|
585 | (6) |
|
26 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function |
|
|
591 | (48) |
|
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
Varicose Veins and Chronic Venous Insufficiency |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
Thrombus Formation in Veins |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
|
592 | (19) |
|
|
592 | (4) |
|
Orthostatic (Postural) Hypotension |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
Peripheral Vascular Disease |
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
|
599 | (2) |
|
Peripheral Artery Disease |
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Ischemia, and Acute Coronary Syndromes |
|
|
602 | (9) |
|
Disorders of the Heart Wall |
|
|
611 | (9) |
|
Disorders of the Pericardium |
|
|
611 | (2) |
|
Disorders of the Myocardium: the Cardiomyopathies |
|
|
613 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Endocardium |
|
|
614 | (6) |
|
Manifestations of Heart Disease |
|
|
620 | (4) |
|
|
620 | (3) |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
|
624 | (15) |
|
Impairment of Cellular Metabolism |
|
|
624 | (3) |
|
Clinical Manifestations of Shock |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
|
628 | (4) |
|
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome |
|
|
632 | (7) |
|
27 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children |
|
|
639 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
639 | (11) |
|
Defects With Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow |
|
|
640 | (3) |
|
|
643 | (2) |
|
Defects With Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow |
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
|
646 | (3) |
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
Acquired Cardiovascular Disorders |
|
|
650 | (5) |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
|
650 | (5) |
|
UNIT 8 The Pulmonary System |
|
|
|
28 Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System |
|
|
655 | (15) |
|
|
Structures of the Pulmonary System |
|
|
655 | (5) |
|
|
655 | (1) |
|
|
656 | (1) |
|
Pulmonary and Bronchial Circulation |
|
|
657 | (2) |
|
Control of the Pulmonary Circulation |
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
Function of the Pulmonary System |
|
|
660 | (8) |
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
Neurochemical Control of Ventilation |
|
|
660 | (2) |
|
|
662 | (2) |
|
|
664 | (4) |
|
Geriatric Considerations: Aging and the Pulmonary System |
|
|
668 | (2) |
|
29 Alterations of Pulmonary Function |
|
|
670 | (27) |
|
|
|
Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Alterations |
|
|
670 | (6) |
|
Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Disease |
|
|
670 | (2) |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
Conditions Caused by Pulmonary Disease or Injury |
|
|
672 | (2) |
|
Disorders of the Chest Wall and Pleura |
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
|
674 | (2) |
|
|
676 | (21) |
|
Restrictive Lung Diseases |
|
|
676 | (4) |
|
Obstructive Lung Diseases |
|
|
680 | (6) |
|
Respiratory Tract Infections |
|
|
686 | (3) |
|
Pulmonary Vascular Disease |
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
Malignancies of the Respiratory Tract |
|
|
690 | (7) |
|
30 Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children |
|
|
697 | (15) |
|
|
Disorders of the Upper Airways |
|
|
697 | (3) |
|
Infections of the Upper Airways |
|
|
697 | (2) |
|
Aspiration of Foreign Bodies |
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Lower Airways |
|
|
700 | (9) |
|
Surfactant Deficiency Disorder (Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the Newborn) |
|
|
700 | (2) |
|
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia |
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
Respiratory Tract Infections |
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
|
704 | (2) |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
|
|
707 | (1) |
|
|
707 | (2) |
|
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome |
|
|
709 | (3) |
|
UNIT 9 The Renal and Urologic Systems |
|
|
|
31 Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems |
|
|
712 | (16) |
|
|
Structures of the Renal System |
|
|
712 | (5) |
|
|
712 | (4) |
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration |
|
|
717 | (2) |
|
Autoregulation of Intrarenal Blood Flow |
|
|
717 | (1) |
|
Neural Regulation of Renal Blood Flow |
|
|
717 | (1) |
|
Hormones and Other Factors Regulating Renal Blood Flow |
|
|
717 | (2) |
|
|
719 | (4) |
|
|
719 | (3) |
|
Hormones and Nephron Function |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
723 | (2) |
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
Pediatric Considerations: Pediatrics & Renal Function |
|
|
725 | (1) |
|
Geriatric Considerations: Aging & Renal Function |
|
|
725 | (3) |
|
32 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function |
|
|
728 | (23) |
|
|
Urinary Tract Obstruction |
|
|
728 | (6) |
|
Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction |
|
|
728 | (2) |
|
Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction |
|
|
730 | (3) |
|
|
733 | (1) |
|
|
734 | (3) |
|
Causes of Urinary Tract Infection |
|
|
734 | (1) |
|
Types of Urinary Tract Infection |
|
|
734 | (3) |
|
|
737 | (5) |
|
|
737 | (3) |
|
Nephrotic and Nephritic Syndromes |
|
|
740 | (2) |
|
|
742 | (2) |
|
Classification of Kidney Dysfunction |
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
|
742 | (2) |
|
|
744 | (7) |
|
Creatinine and Urea Clearance |
|
|
746 | (1) |
|
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance |
|
|
746 | (1) |
|
Calcium, Phosphate, and Bone |
|
|
746 | (1) |
|
Protein, Carbohydrate, and Fat Metabolism |
|
|
746 | (1) |
|
|
746 | (1) |
|
|
746 | (2) |
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
Endocrine and Reproductive Systems |
|
|
748 | (1) |
|
|
748 | (3) |
|
33 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children |
|
|
751 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
751 | (3) |
|
Hypoplastic/Dysplastic Kidneys |
|
|
751 | (1) |
|
Polycystic Kidney Disease |
|
|
751 | (1) |
|
|
752 | (1) |
|
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction |
|
|
752 | (1) |
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
Epispadias and Exstrophy of the Bladder |
|
|
753 | (1) |
|
Bladder Outlet Obstruction |
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy |
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
|
754 | (1) |
|
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome |
|
|
755 | (1) |
|
|
755 | (1) |
|
|
756 | (1) |
|
|
756 | (1) |
|
|
757 | (1) |
|
|
757 | (3) |
|
UNIT 10 The Reproductive Systems |
|
|
|
34 Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems |
|
|
760 | (20) |
|
|
|
Development of the Reproductive Systems |
|
|
760 | (2) |
|
Sexual Differentiation in Utero |
|
|
760 | (1) |
|
Puberty and Reproductive Maturation |
|
|
761 | (1) |
|
The Female Reproductive System |
|
|
762 | (8) |
|
|
763 | (1) |
|
|
764 | (3) |
|
|
767 | (1) |
|
Menstrual (Ovarian) Cycle |
|
|
768 | (2) |
|
Structure and Function of the Breast |
|
|
770 | (2) |
|
|
770 | (2) |
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
The Male Reproductive System |
|
|
772 | (4) |
|
|
772 | (2) |
|
|
774 | (1) |
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
Male Sex and Reproductive Hormones |
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
Aging and Reproductive Function |
|
|
776 | (4) |
|
Aging and the Female Reproductive System |
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
Aging and the Male Reproductive System |
|
|
777 | (3) |
|
35 Alterations of the Female Reproductive System |
|
|
780 | (50) |
|
|
Abnormalities of the Female Reproductive Tract |
|
|
780 | (1) |
|
Alterations of Sexual Maturation |
|
|
781 | (2) |
|
Delayed or Absent Puberty |
|
|
781 | (1) |
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System |
|
|
783 | (24) |
|
Hormonal and Menstrual Alterations |
|
|
783 | (5) |
|
Infection and Inflammation |
|
|
788 | (4) |
|
|
792 | (1) |
|
Benign Growths and Proliferative Conditions |
|
|
793 | (4) |
|
|
797 | (9) |
|
|
806 | (1) |
|
|
807 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Female Breast |
|
|
807 | (23) |
|
|
807 | (1) |
|
Benign Breast Disease and Conditions |
|
|
808 | (2) |
|
|
810 | (20) |
|
36 Alterations of the Male Reproductive System |
|
|
830 | (28) |
|
|
Alterations of Sexual Maturation |
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
Delayed or Absent Puberty |
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System |
|
|
831 | (21) |
|
|
831 | (1) |
|
|
831 | (3) |
|
Disorders of the Scrotum, Testis, and Epididymis |
|
|
834 | (4) |
|
Disorders of the Prostate Gland |
|
|
838 | (11) |
|
|
849 | (3) |
|
Disorders of the Male Breast |
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
Sexually Transmitted Infections |
|
|
853 | (5) |
|
UNIT 11 The Digestive System |
|
|
|
37 Structure and Function of the Digestive System |
|
|
858 | (21) |
|
|
The Gastrointestinal Tract |
|
|
858 | (11) |
|
|
858 | (3) |
|
|
861 | (3) |
|
|
864 | (3) |
|
|
867 | (2) |
|
The Gastrointestinal Tract and Immunity |
|
|
869 | (1) |
|
|
869 | (1) |
|
|
869 | (1) |
|
Accessory Organs of Digestion |
|
|
869 | (7) |
|
|
869 | (4) |
|
|
873 | (1) |
|
|
874 | (2) |
|
Geriatric Considerations: Aging & the Digestive System |
|
|
876 | (3) |
|
38 Alterations of Digestive Function |
|
|
879 | (37) |
|
|
Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract |
|
|
879 | (17) |
|
Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Dysfunction |
|
|
879 | (4) |
|
|
883 | (4) |
|
|
887 | (1) |
|
|
888 | (3) |
|
|
891 | (2) |
|
Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
|
|
893 | (2) |
|
Diverticular Disease of the Colon |
|
|
895 | (1) |
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
Mesenteric Vascular Insufficiency |
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Accessory Organs of Digestion |
|
|
896 | (10) |
|
Common Complications of Liver Disorders |
|
|
897 | (4) |
|
|
901 | (3) |
|
Disorders of the Gallbladder |
|
|
904 | (1) |
|
Disorders of the Pancreas |
|
|
905 | (1) |
|
Cancer of the Digestive System |
|
|
906 | (10) |
|
Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract |
|
|
906 | (4) |
|
Cancer of the Accessory Organs of Digestion |
|
|
910 | (6) |
|
39 Alterations of Digestive Function in Children |
|
|
916 | (17) |
|
|
|
Congenital Impairment of Motility in the Gastrointestinal Tract |
|
|
916 | (4) |
|
|
916 | (2) |
|
|
918 | (1) |
|
|
918 | (2) |
|
Large Intestine, Rectum, and Anus |
|
|
920 | (1) |
|
Acquired Impairment of Motility in the Gastrointestinal Tract |
|
|
920 | (2) |
|
Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER) and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) |
|
|
920 | (1) |
|
|
921 | (1) |
|
|
922 | (1) |
|
Impairment of Digestion, Absorption, and Nutrition |
|
|
922 | (5) |
|
|
922 | (1) |
|
|
923 | (2) |
|
|
925 | (1) |
|
Faltering Growth (Failure to Thrive) |
|
|
926 | (1) |
|
Necrotizing Enterocolitis |
|
|
926 | (1) |
|
|
927 | (1) |
|
Acute Infectious Diarrhea |
|
|
927 | (1) |
|
Primary Lactose Intolerance |
|
|
927 | (1) |
|
|
927 | (6) |
|
Disorders of Biliary Metabolism and Transport |
|
|
927 | (1) |
|
|
928 | (1) |
|
|
929 | (4) |
|
UNIT 12 The Musculoskeletal and Integumentary Systems |
|
|
|
40 Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System |
|
|
933 | (22) |
|
|
Structure and Function of Bones |
|
|
933 | (7) |
|
|
933 | (4) |
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
|
938 | (1) |
|
Maintenance of Bone Integrity |
|
|
939 | (1) |
|
Structure and Function of Joints |
|
|
940 | (3) |
|
|
940 | (1) |
|
|
940 | (3) |
|
|
943 | (1) |
|
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscles |
|
|
943 | (9) |
|
|
943 | (4) |
|
Components of Muscle Function |
|
|
947 | (4) |
|
|
951 | (1) |
|
Aging 8c the Musculoskeletal System |
|
|
952 | (3) |
|
|
952 | (1) |
|
|
952 | (1) |
|
|
952 | (3) |
|
41 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function |
|
|
955 | (44) |
|
|
|
955 | (9) |
|
|
955 | (4) |
|
|
959 | (5) |
|
|
964 | (9) |
|
|
964 | (7) |
|
Infectious Bone Disease: Osteomyelitis |
|
|
971 | (2) |
|
|
973 | (11) |
|
|
973 | (3) |
|
Classic Inflammatory Joint Disease |
|
|
976 | (8) |
|
Disorders of Skeletal Muscle |
|
|
984 | (6) |
|
Secondary Muscular Dysfunction |
|
|
984 | (1) |
|
|
984 | (1) |
|
|
985 | (1) |
|
|
985 | (2) |
|
Muscle Membrane Abnormalities |
|
|
987 | (1) |
|
Metabolic Muscle Diseases |
|
|
987 | (1) |
|
Inflammatory Muscle Diseases: Myositis |
|
|
988 | (1) |
|
|
989 | (1) |
|
|
989 | (1) |
|
|
990 | (9) |
|
|
990 | (4) |
|
|
994 | (5) |
|
42 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children |
|
|
999 | (15) |
|
|
|
999 | (2) |
|
|
999 | (1) |
|
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip |
|
|
999 | (1) |
|
|
1000 | (1) |
|
|
1001 | (2) |
|
|
1001 | (2) |
|
|
1003 | (1) |
|
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis |
|
|
1003 | (1) |
|
|
1003 | (3) |
|
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease |
|
|
1004 | (1) |
|
|
1005 | (1) |
|
|
1006 | (1) |
|
|
1006 | (1) |
|
|
1006 | (3) |
|
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy |
|
|
1007 | (1) |
|
|
1008 | (1) |
|
Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy |
|
|
1008 | (1) |
|
Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy |
|
|
1008 | (1) |
|
|
1009 | (1) |
|
|
1009 | (1) |
|
|
1009 | (1) |
|
|
1010 | (4) |
|
Fractures in Nonaccidental Trauma |
|
|
1010 | (4) |
|
43 Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument |
|
|
1014 | (30) |
|
|
|
Structure and Function of the Skin |
|
|
1014 | (8) |
|
|
1014 | (2) |
|
Clinical Manifestations of Skin Dysfunction |
|
|
1016 | (6) |
|
|
1022 | (17) |
|
|
1022 | (1) |
|
|
1023 | (3) |
|
|
1026 | (1) |
|
|
1027 | (3) |
|
|
1030 | (1) |
|
|
1031 | (1) |
|
|
1032 | (3) |
|
|
1035 | (3) |
|
|
1038 | (1) |
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
|
1039 | (1) |
|
Geriatric Considerations: Aging & Changes in Skin Integrity |
|
|
1040 | (4) |
|
44 Alterations of the Integument in Children |
|
|
1044 | |
|
|
|
|
1044 | (1) |
|
|
1045 | (1) |
|
|
1045 | (1) |
|
|
1045 | (1) |
|
|
1046 | (5) |
|
|
1046 | (1) |
|
|
1047 | (1) |
|
|
1048 | (3) |
|
Insect Bites and Parasites |
|
|
1051 | (1) |
|
|
1051 | (1) |
|
Pediculosis (Lice Infestation) |
|
|
1051 | (1) |
|
|
1051 | (1) |
|
|
1051 | (1) |
|
Cutaneous Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations |
|
|
1052 | (1) |
|
|
1052 | (1) |
|
Cutaneous Vascular Malformations |
|
|
1053 | (1) |
|
|
1053 | |
|
|
1053 | (1) |
|
Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum |
|
|
1053 | |