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El. knyga: Unlocking the English Legal System

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(University of Sussex, UK), , (Nottingham Trent University, UK)
  • Formatas: 361 pages
  • Serija: Unlocking the Law
  • Išleidimo metai: 12-May-2017
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781315392653
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Unlocking the English Legal SystemDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 361 pages
  • Serija: Unlocking the Law
  • Išleidimo metai: 12-May-2017
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781315392653
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Unlocking the English Legal System will help you grasp the main concepts of the legal system in England and Wales with ease. Containing accessible explanations in clear and precise terms that are easy to understand, it provides an excellent foundation for learning and revising. This edition considers recent case law and legislation as well as the outcome of the UK’s referendum on membership of the EU; the decision of Willers v Joyce and its impact on the role of the Privy Council in the system of precedent; the new Combined Family Court; the Legal Education and Training review and changes to the profession; and funding cuts to legal services and legal aid.

The Unlocking the Law series is designed specifically to make the law accessible. Each chapter opens with a list of aims and objectives, and contains diagrams to aid learning. Cases and judgments are prominently displayed, as are primary source quotations. Summaries help check your understanding of each chapter, there is a glossary of legal terminology. New features include problem questions with guidance on answering, as well as essay questions and answer plans, plus cases and materials exercises.

All titles in the series follow the same formula and include the same features so students can move easily from one subject to another. The series covers all the core subjects required by the Bar Council and the Law Society for entry onto professional qualifications as well as popular option units.

The series website www.unlockingthelaw.co.uk provides free resources such as multiple choice questions, key questions and answers, revision podcasts and cases and materials exercises.

Recenzijos

'Unlocking the English Legal System and its sister editions remain at the cutting edge of legal teaching as new methods are being developed to bring core legal subjects to the learner in a most different and refreshing way from the past we welcome the changing interface, with the extension of digitisation, as online facilities continue to modernise todays teaching practices for law and ease the burden on the student and the tutor.'



Elizabeth Robson Taylor and Phillip Taylor MBE of Richmond Green Chambers

Acknowledgements xii
Guide to the book xiii
Preface xv
List of figures xvi
List of abbreviations xviii
Table of cases xx
Tables of statutes and other instruments xxv
1 The Sources Of Law 1(34)
1.1 The English legal system
1(1)
1.2 The sources of law
2(1)
1.3 The courts
3(2)
1.3.1 The Supreme Court of the UK
3(2)
1.4 The common law
5(4)
1.4.1 Problems of the common law
5(1)
1.4.2 Development of equity
6(3)
1.5 Parliament
9(3)
1.5.1 Legislation
9(1)
1.5.2 The enactment process
9(3)
1.6 Delegated legislation
12(6)
1.6.1 Statutory instruments
12(2)
1.6.2 By-laws
14(1)
1.6.3 Orders of the Legislative Committee of the Privy Council
14(1)
1.6.4 Parliamentary control of secondary legislation
15(1)
1.6.5 Judicial control of secondary legislation
16(2)
1.7 The European Union
18(5)
1.7.1 A brief history of the European Union
18(1)
1.7.2 UK membership of the EU
19(2)
1.7.3 The role of the Court of Justice of the European Union
21(1)
1.7.4 Effect on parliamentary sovereignty
22(1)
1.8 European Convention on Human Rights
23(4)
1.8.1 The Human Rights Act 1998
23(4)
1.9 Law reform
27(4)
1.9.1 Judges
27(1)
1.9.2 Parliament
28(1)
1.9.3 The law reform agencies
28(2)
1.9.4 Royal Commissions
30(1)
1.9.5 Academics
30(1)
1.9.6 Pressure groups
30(1)
1.9.7 Media pressure
30(1)
1.9.8 Europe
31(1)
Sample Essay Question
31(2)
Further Reading
33(2)
2 The Doctrine Of Judicial Precedent 35(32)
2.1 What is the doctrine of precedent?
36(1)
2.2 How does the doctrine of precedent operate?
37(5)
2.2.1 The court hierarchy
37(1)
2.2.2 Ratio decidendi and obiter dicta
38(3)
2.2.3 Persuasive precedent
41(1)
2.3 The doctrine as applied in individual courts
42(13)
2.3.1 The Supreme Court
42(5)
2.3.2 The Court of Appeal (Civil Division)
47(4)
2.3.3 The Court of Appeal (Criminal Division)
51(1)
2.3.4 The Divisional Court of the High Court
52(1)
2.3.5 The High Court
52(1)
2.3.6 The Crown Court
52(1)
2.3.7 County Courts and Magistrates' Courts
53(1)
2.3.8 The Court of Justice of the European Union
53(1)
2.3.9 The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
53(2)
2.4 The Human Rights Act 1998
55(2)
2.5 The declaratory theory
57(4)
2.6 Avoiding precedents
61(3)
2.6.1 Distinguishing
61(2)
2.6.2 Reversing
63(1)
2.6.3 Overruling
63(1)
2.7 Pros and cons of precedent
64(1)
Sample Essay Question
65(1)
Further Reading
66(1)
3 Statutory Interpretation 67(46)
3.1 Introduction
67(6)
3.1.1 The need for statutory interpretation
67(3)
3.1.2 Applying the law
70(1)
3.1.3 Judicial law-making
71(1)
3.1.4 Interpretation or construction?
72(1)
3.1.5 Parliamentary definitions
73(1)
3.2 The three 'rules'
73(8)
3.2.1 The literal rule
74(2)
3.2.2 The golden rule
76(2)
3.2.3 The mischief rule
78(3)
3.3 The purposive approach
81(6)
3.3.1 European influence
86(1)
3.4 Literal approach versus purposive approach
87(7)
3.5 Rules of language
94(2)
3.5.1 The ejusdem generis rule
94(1)
3.5.2 Expressio unius est exclusio alterius (the express mention of one thing excludes others)
95(1)
3.5.3 Noscitur a sociis (a word is known by the company it keeps)
95(1)
3.6 Presumptions
96(2)
3.7 Intrinsic and extrinsic aids
98(8)
3.7.1 Intrinsic aids
98(1)
3.7.2 Extrinsic aids
98(1)
3.7.3 The use of Hansard
99(4)
3.7.4 Law reform reports
103(1)
3.7.5 International conventions
104(2)
3.8 The effect of the Human Rights Act 1998
106(2)
Sample Essay Question
108(3)
Further Reading
111(2)
4 Civil Courts 113(44)
4.1 Introduction to the courts system
113(5)
4.1.1 Civil and criminal cases
113(3)
4.1.2 Superior courts and inferior courts
116(1)
4.1.3 Appellate courts and trial courts
116(1)
4.1.4 Courts and tribunals
117(1)
4.2 Civil courts of trial
118(5)
4.2.1 Queen's Bench Division
118(1)
4.2.2 Chancery Division
119(1)
4.2.3 Family Division
119(1)
4.2.4 County Court
119(1)
4.2.5 Small claims
120(1)
4.2.6 The track system
120(1)
4.2.7 Transfer of cases between the County Court and the High Court
121(2)
4.3 Problems in the civil justice system
123(1)
4.3.1 The Civil Justice Review
123(1)
4.3.2 The Heilbron-Hodge Committee
124(1)
4.4 The Woolf Report
124(14)
4.4.1 The track system
125(1)
4.4.2 Civil procedure
126(1)
4.4.3 Case management
126(1)
4.4.4 Pre-action protocols
127(1)
4.4.5 Encouraging alternative dispute resolution
127(2)
4.4.6 Strict timetables
129(2)
4.4.7 Judgment in default and summary judgment
131(1)
4.4.8 Part 36 offers to settle
131(1)
4.4.9 Are the Woolf reforms a success?
131(7)
4.5 Enforcement of judgment
138(1)
4.6 Tribunals
139(6)
4.6.1 Administrative tribunals
140(1)
4.6.2 Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007
140(1)
4.6.3 Composition and procedure
141(2)
4.6.4 Advantages and disadvantages of tribunals
143(2)
4.6.5 Domestic tribunals
145(1)
4.7 Alternative dispute resolution
145(8)
4.7.1 Negotiation
145(1)
4.7.2 Mediation
145(1)
4.7.3 Conciliation
146(1)
4.7.4 Online Dispute Resolution
147(1)
4.7.5 Dispute resolution services
147(1)
4.7.6 Arbitration
148(3)
4.7.7 Encouraging the use of alternative dispute resolution
151(2)
Sample Essay Question
153(2)
Further Reading
155(2)
5 Criminal Courts And Procedure 157(24)
5.1 Introduction
157(2)
5.2 The Criminal Procedure Rules
159(1)
5.3 The Crown Prosecution Service
159(4)
5.3.1 Code for Crown Prosecutors
160(2)
5.3.2 The Glidewell Report
162(1)
5.3.3 Victims' Right to Review
162(1)
5.4 Advance sentence indication
163(1)
5.4.1 Advance indication of sentence not plea-bargaining
163(1)
5.4.2 The Goodyear rules
164(1)
5.5 Courts exercising criminal jurisdiction
164(1)
5.6 Appellate courts
164(2)
5.6.1 The Court of Justice of the European Union
165(1)
5.6.2 The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
165(1)
5.6.3 The Supreme Court
166(1)
5.6.4 The Court of Appeal (Criminal Division)
166(1)
5.6.5 The High Court of Justice
166(1)
5.6.6 The Crown Court-appellate jurisdiction
166(1)
5.7 Criminal courts of first instance
166(2)
5.7.1 Adversarial system
166(1)
5.7.2 The Crown Court
167(1)
5.7.3 The Magistrates' Court
167(1)
5.8 Classification of criminal offences
168(5)
5.8.1 Indictable only offences
168(1)
5.8.2 Summary offences
169(1)
5.8.3 Offences triable either way
169(3)
5.8.4 The choice: Magistrates' Court or Crown Court?
172(1)
5.9 The 'right' to trial by jury
173(5)
5.9.1 The Mode of Trial Bills
173(1)
5.9.2 The Auld Report
174(1)
5.9.3 The Criminal Justice Act 2003
175(1)
5.9.4 Do we have the 'right' to elect jury trial?
175(3)
Sample Essay Question
178(2)
Further Reading
180(1)
6 Appeals 181(22)
6.1 Appeals in civil proceedings
182(3)
6.1.1 The Access to Justice Act 1999
182(2)
6.1.2 The Court of Appeal (Civil Division)
184(1)
6.1.3 The Supreme Court of the UK
184(1)
6.1.4 Other appeals in civil cases
185(1)
6.2 Appeals in criminal proceedings
185(1)
6.3 Prosecution appeals
186(3)
6.3.1 Section 36 Criminal Justice Act 1972
186(1)
6.3.2 Section 36 Criminal Justice Act 1988
186(1)
6.3.3 Sections 54 and 55 Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996
186(1)
6.3.4 Appeals against a judge's erroneous decision-Criminal Justice Act 2003
186(1)
6.3.5 Abolition of the rule against double jeopardy-Criminal Justice Act 2003
187(2)
6.4 Defence appeals
189(4)
6.4.1 Appeal following summary trial
189(1)
6.4.2 Appeal following trial on indictment
190(3)
6.5 The Supreme Court
193(1)
6.6 Other courts
194(1)
6.7 The Criminal Cases Review Commission
195(4)
Sample Essay Question
199(2)
Further Reading
201(2)
7 Funding 203(20)
7.1 Access to justice
203(1)
7.2 Public funding
204(2)
7.2.1 History
204(1)
7.2.2 The Access to Justice Act 1999
205(1)
7.3 The Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012
206(2)
7.3.1 Service providers
206(1)
7.3.2 Criteria for civil legal aid services
206(1)
7.3.3 Availability of legal aid
207(1)
7.4 Government funding in civil cases
208(3)
7.4.1 Means testing
208(1)
7.4.2 Problems with funding of civil cases
209(2)
7.5 Private funding
211(3)
7.5.1 Conditional fee agreements
211(1)
7.5.2 How conditional fees work
212(1)
7.5.3 Success fee
212(1)
7.5.4 Insurance premiums
213(1)
7.5.5 Are conditional fees working?
213(1)
7.6 Advice in civil cases
214(2)
7.6.1 Civil Legal Advice
214(1)
7.6.2 Service providers
214(1)
7.6.3 Other advice agencies
215(1)
7.6.4 Citizens Advice Bureaux
215(1)
7.6.5 Law centres
215(1)
7.6.6 Schemes run by lawyers
215(1)
7.6.7 Insurance
216(1)
7.7 Legal aid in criminal cases
216(3)
7.7.1 Merits test
217(1)
7.7.2 Means test
217(1)
7.7.3 Advice and assistance for individuals in custody
218(1)
7.7.4 The Public Defender Service
218(1)
Sample Essay Question
219(2)
Further Reading
221(2)
8 Juries 223(42)
8.1 Introduction
223(1)
8.1.1 The independence of the jury
223(1)
8.1.2 Modern-day use of the jury
224(1)
8.2 Jury qualifications
224(8)
8.2.1 Basic qualifications
224(2)
8.2.2 Disqualification from jury service
226(1)
8.2.3 Excusal from jury service
226(1)
8.2.4 Discretionary excusals
227(1)
8.2.5 Make-up of jury panels
228(1)
8.2.6 Police and prosecutors on jury service
228(4)
8.3 Selection at court
232(3)
8.3.1 Lack of capacity
232(1)
8.3.2 Vetting
233(1)
8.3.3 At court
234(1)
8.3.4 Challenging
234(1)
8.3.5 Aids for the jury
235(1)
8.4 Juries in civil cases
235(6)
8.4.1 Defamation cases
236(3)
8.4.2 Damages in defamation cases
239(1)
8.4.3 Juries in personal injury cases
240(1)
8.5 Juries in Coroners' Courts
241(1)
8.6 Juries in criminal cases
242(1)
8.6.1 Verdicts
243(1)
8.7 Secrecy of the jury room
243(5)
8.7.1 Common law rule
245(2)
8.7.2 Human rights and jury secrecy
247(1)
8.7.3 Practice Direction
248(1)
8.8 Research into juries
248(3)
8.9 Advantages of trial by jury
251(1)
8.9.1 Public confidence
251(1)
8.9.2 Jury equity
251(1)
8.9.3 Panel of 12
252(1)
8.10 Disadvantages of trial by jury
252(8)
8.10.1 Racial composition and bias
252(3)
8.10.2 Media influence
255(1)
8.10.3 Perverse verdicts
255(1)
8.10.4 Fraud trials
256(2)
8.10.5 High acquittal rates
258(1)
8.10.6 Other disadvantages
259(1)
8.11 Alternatives to trial by jury
260(1)
Sample Essay Question
261(2)
Further Reading
263(2)
9 Lay Magistrates 265(22)
9.1 Introduction
265(1)
9.1.1 Lay magistrates
265(1)
9.1.2 District Judges
266(1)
9.2 History of the magistracy
266(1)
9.3 Qualifications for lay magistrates
266(2)
9.3.1 Age
267(1)
9.3.2 Limitations
267(1)
9.3.3 Six key personal qualities
267(1)
9.3.4 Area
268(1)
9.3.5 Commitment
268(1)
9.3.6 Allowances
268(1)
9.4 Selection and appointment of lay magistrates
268(2)
9.4.1 Recruitment
268(1)
9.4.2 Advisory committees
269(1)
9.5 Training of lay magistrates
270(3)
9.5.1 Training for new magistrates
271(2)
9.6 Resignation and removal of lay justices
273(1)
9.6.1 Retirement
274(1)
9.6.2 Removal
274(1)
9.7 Magistrates' duties
274(4)
9.7.1 Criminal cases
274(1)
9.7.2 Civil cases
275(1)
9.7.3 Youth Court
275(1)
9.7.4 Family Court
275(2)
9.7.5 Immunity from suit
277(1)
9.8 The magistrates' clerk
278(1)
9.9 Advantages of using lay magistrates
279(3)
9.9.1 Cross-section of society
279(1)
9.9.2 Local knowledge
280(1)
9.9.3 Cost
281(1)
9.9.4 Legal adviser
281(1)
9.9.5 Few appeals
281(1)
9.10 Disadvantages of lay magistrates
282(2)
9.10.1 Middle-aged, middle class
282(1)
9.10.2 Prosecution bias
282(1)
9.10.3 Inconsistency in sentencing
282(1)
9.10.4 Reliance on the clerk
283(1)
Sample Essay Question
284(2)
Further Reading
286(1)
10 The Legal Professions 287(24)
10.1 Paralegals and legal executives
288(3)
10.1.1 Training routes to become a solicitor
290(1)
10.2 Solicitors
291(9)
10.2.1 Organisation
291(1)
10.2.2 Education and training
292(2)
10.2.3 Work
294(4)
10.2.4 Complaints
298(2)
10.3 Barristers
300(7)
10.3.1 Organisation
301(1)
10.3.2 Training
301(1)
10.3.3 Work
302(3)
10.3.4 Complaints
305(2)
10.4 The legal profession-the future?
307(2)
Sample Essay Question
309(1)
Further Reading
310(1)
11 The Judiciary 311(20)
11.1 Introduction
311(4)
11.1.1 The Lord Chancellor
312(1)
11.1.2 The Constitutional Reform Act 2005
313(1)
11.1.3 The Supreme Court
314(1)
11.2 The judicial hierarchy
315(1)
11.3 Training
315(1)
11.4 A note about judicial appointments
316(1)
11.5 The inferior judges
317(1)
11.5.1 District Judge (Magistrates' Court)
317(1)
11.5.2 District Judge (County Court)
317(1)
11.5.3 Recorder
318(1)
11.5.4 Circuit Judge
318(1)
11.6 The senior judges
318(3)
11.6.1 High Court Judge
318(1)
11.6.2 Lord Justice of Appeal
319(1)
11.6.3 Head of Division
320(1)
11.6.4 Justice of the Supreme Court
320(1)
11.7 The composition of the judiciary
321(3)
11.8 Dismissal and judicial independence
324(3)
Sample Essay Question
327(1)
Further Reading
328(3)
12 Sentencing 331(24)
12.1 Introduction
331(2)
12.1.1 Maximum sentences
331(1)
12.1.2 Minimum sentences
332(1)
12.1.3 Dangerous offenders
332(1)
12.1.4 Young offenders
333(1)
12.2 Purposes of sentencing
333(7)
12.2.1 Punishment
334(2)
12.2.2 Deterrence
336(1)
12.2.3 Reform and rehabilitation
337(1)
12.2.4 Protection of the public
337(1)
12.2.5 Reparation
338
12.2.6 Denunciation
329(11)
12.3 Custodial sentences
340(2)
12.3.1 Life sentences
340(1)
12.3.2 Fixed-term sentence
341(1)
12.3.3 Suspended sentences
341(1)
12.4 Community orders
342(2)
12.4.1 Unpaid work requirement
343(1)
12.4.2 Activity requirement
343(1)
12.4.3 Curfew requirement
343(1)
12.4.4 Exclusion order
344(1)
12.4.5 Supervision requirement
344(1)
12.5 Young offenders
344(1)
12.5.1 Custodial sentences
344(1)
12.5.2 Youth Rehabilitation Orders
345(1)
12.6 Fines and discharges
345(1)
12.7 Sentencing practice
346(4)
12.7.1 Seriousness
346(2)
12.7.2 Reduction for a guilty plea
348(1)
12.7.3 Thresholds
348(1)
12.7.4 Pre-sentence reports
349(1)
12.8 Prison statistics
350(2)
Sample essay question
352(2)
Further reading
354(1)
Index 355
Rebecca Huxley-Binns is Professor of Legal Education and Vice Provost at the University of Law. Jacqueline Martin LLM has ten years experience as a practicing barrister and has taught law at all levels. Tom Frost is lecturer in Legal Theory at Sussex University.
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