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El. knyga: Unraveling Environmental Disasters

Edited by (Emeritus Professor, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa), Edited by
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 31-Dec-2012
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780123973177
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 31-Dec-2012
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780123973177

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Unraveling Environmental Disasters provides scientific explanations of the most threatening current and future environmental disasters, including an analysis of ways that the disaster could have been prevented and how the risk of similar disasters can be minimized in the future.

  • Treats disasters as complex systems.
  • Provides predictions based upon sound science, such as what the buildup of certain radiant gases in the troposphere will do, or what will happen if current transoceanic crude oil transport continues.
  • Considers the impact of human systems on environmental disasters.


Unraveling Environmental Disasters provides scientific explanations of the most threatening current and future environmental disasters, including an analysis of ways that the disaster could have been prevented and how the risk of similar disasters can be minimized in the future.

  • Treats disasters as complex systems.
  • Provides predictions based upon sound science, such as what the buildup of certain radiant gases in the troposphere will do, or what will happen if current transoceanic crude oil transport continues.
  • Considers the impact of human systems on environmental disasters.

Recenzijos

"This important, clearly written, well-organized book addresses a confluence of significant global issues and brings them into focus. Valleroand Letcherexamine engineering failures within the context of generating environmental disastersThe book addresses related issues of sustainability, anthropogenic global warming, pesticide use and its impact on the food chain, vinyl chloride production, etcSumming Up: Essential." --CHOICE Reviews Online, January 2014

Daugiau informacijos

Named a 2014 Outstanding Academic Title by the American Library Association's Choice publication
Preface viii
1 Failure
Events
3(1)
Disasters as Failures
4(5)
Reliability
7(1)
Failure Classification
8(1)
Types of Failure
9(11)
Failure Type 1 Miscalculations
9(1)
Failure Type 2 Extraordinary Natural Circumstances
10(1)
Failure Type 3 Critical Path
11(5)
Failure Type 4 Negligence
16(3)
Failure Type 5 Inaccurate Prediction of Contingencies
19(1)
Types of Disasters
20(6)
Sources of Disaster
20(1)
Disasters from a Societal Perspective
21(5)
Systems Engineering
26(7)
Seveso Plant Disaster
27(6)
2 Science
Scientific Advancement
33(7)
Laws of Motion
40(8)
Fluid Properties
41(7)
Laws of Chemistry and Thermodynamics
48(6)
Science in the Public Eye
54(5)
3 Explosions
Dust
59(7)
The Science of Dust Explosions
62(1)
Combustible Material
62(1)
Form
63(1)
Oxygen
64(1)
Ignition Source
64(1)
Particle Concentration
65(1)
Containment
65(1)
Dust Explosion Lessons
66(1)
Ammonium Nitrate
66(2)
Picric Acid and TNT
68(1)
Methyl Isocyanate
69(2)
Natural Explosions---Volcanoes
71(4)
4 Plumes
Nomenclature
75(4)
Early Air Quality Disasters
79(6)
Donora
79(2)
Poza Rica
81(3)
London, England
84(1)
New York City
84(1)
Toxic Plumes
85(7)
Bhopal
85(4)
Seveso
89(3)
Plume Characterization
92(4)
Nuclear Fallout Plumes
96(7)
Chemobyl
97(2)
Fukushima Plume
99(1)
Radiation Dose
99(4)
5 Leaks
Surreptitious Disasters
103(1)
Pollutant Transport in Groundwater
104(11)
Solubility
108(3)
Liquid in Liquid Solubility
111(4)
Suspension and Sorption
115(1)
Love Canal
115(1)
Chester
116(1)
Times Beach
117(2)
Valley of the Drums
119(1)
Stringfellow Acid Pits
120(2)
Tar Creek
122(6)
The March Continues
128(4)
6 Spills
Disastrous Releases
132(1)
Oil Spills
133(14)
Deepwater Horizon
134(3)
The Exxon Valdez
137(3)
Torrey Canyon Tanker Spill
140(5)
Santa Barbara Oil Spill
145(1)
Prestige Oil Spill
146(1)
Niger River Delta Oil Spills
147(1)
Other Spills
147(5)
Indirect Harm
149(3)
Partitioning in the Environment
152(11)
7 Fires
Fire Disaster Thermodynamics
163(5)
Water
167(1)
Foams
167(1)
Carbon Dioxide
167(1)
BCF(Halon 1211)
168(1)
Dry Powders
168(1)
Kuwait Oil Fires
168(1)
Release of Radioactive Material
169(1)
Indonesian Wildfires
170(1)
World Trade Center Fire
171(1)
The Japanese Earthquake and Tsunami
172(1)
Other Major Fires
173(1)
Tire Fires
174(1)
Coal Mine Fires
174(1)
Indirect Effect: Formation of Toxic Substances
174(6)
Indirect Impact: Transport
180(3)
8 Climate
Global Climate Change
183(3)
Greenhouse Gases
186(4)
Radiative Forcing
187(3)
Consequences of Global Warming
190(1)
Is It a Disaster?
190(2)
Responding to Climate Change
192(2)
Difficulties with Climate Change Mitigation
192(2)
Carbon and Climate
194(8)
Carbon Biogeochemistry
200(2)
Potential Warming Disaster
202(3)
Geoengineering
205(3)
Biological Drivers of Climate Change
208(14)
9 Nature
Hurricanes
222(4)
Hurricane Katrina
223(2)
Hurricane Andrew
225(1)
Floods
226(2)
Drought
228(1)
Ecosystem Resilience
228(7)
10 Minerals
Inorganic Substances
235(1)
Toxic Metals
236(10)
Mercury
236(3)
Cadmium
239(3)
Lead
242(1)
Lead Mining Disasters
243(1)
Mechanism of Toxicity in Humans
243(1)
Arsenic: The Toxic Metalloid
243(3)
Asbestos
246(6)
Asbestos Disasters
249(1)
Naturally Occurring Asbestos
250(1)
Libby, Montana
251(1)
Cyanide
252(10)
Surface Mining
262(3)
Value
265(11)
11 Recalcitrance
The Dirty Dozen
276(2)
Agent Orange
278(4)
Lake Apopka
282(2)
James River
284(2)
Persistent Wastes
286(1)
The Arctic Disaster
287(12)
12 Radiation
Electromagnetic Radiation
299(3)
Nuclear Radiation
302(1)
Nuclear Plants
303(1)
Nuclear Power Plant Failure
304(1)
Is Nuclear Power Worth the Risks?
304(1)
Meltdown at Chernobyl
305(3)
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster
308(4)
Three Mile Island Nuclear Accident
312(1)
Radioisotopes and Radiation Poisoning
313(1)
Carbon Dating
314(4)
Nuclear Waste Disposal
318(5)
13 Invasions
The Worst 100
323(1)
Sensitive Habitats
323(30)
Everglades
323(2)
Rainforests
325(3)
Coral Reefs
328(9)
Jellyfish Invasion
337(4)
Gene Flow
341(5)
Threats to Honey Bees
346(1)
Vulnerable Amphibians
346(7)
14 Products
Precaution
353(1)
Endocrine Disruptors and Hormonally Active Agents
354(6)
Screening to Prevent Hormonal Disasters
358(2)
Antibiotics: Superbugs and Cross-Resistance
360(2)
Organophosphates
362(4)
Chemistry
363(1)
Poisoning Action
363(1)
Health Risk
364(1)
Disasters
365(1)
Scientific Principles at Work
366(5)
Conformational Isomers
366(2)
Configurational Isomers and Chirality
368(2)
Configurational Isomers and Double Bonds
370(1)
Effect of Shape of Molecules
370(1)
Milk and Terrorism
371(6)
15 Unsustainability
Oil
377(1)
Phosphates
378(1)
Helium
379(1)
Platinum Group Metals
379(1)
Lithium
379(1)
Rare Earth Metals
380(1)
Other Metals
380(1)
Biomass
380(2)
Methane
382(1)
Carbon Dioxide
383(4)
16 Society
Justice
387(3)
Solid Waste
390(4)
Food Supply
394(7)
Alar
396(4)
Genetically Modified Food
400(1)
Fairness
401(1)
Vinyl Chloride
401(8)
Cancer Alley
402(6)
Polyvinyl Chloride
408(1)
Food Versus Fuel
409(2)
Burning as a Societal Issue
411(3)
Risk Trade-Offs
414(10)
Cross-Media Transfer
415(9)
17 Future
Recommendations
424(13)
Thoughtful Land-Use Decisions
425(4)
Information Technology
429(2)
Systems Thinking
431(2)
Some Good News
433(1)
Less Hubris, More Humility
433(4)
Glossary of Terms 437(40)
Index 477
Professor Daniel A. Vallero is a renowned environmental scientist and engineer with four decades of experience. He has advised U.S. government agencies on critical issues like PBTs, climate change, acid rain, and chemical risks. At Duke University, he led the Engineering Ethics program and taught courses on air pollution, sustainable design, and ethics. Vallero has served on the National Academy of Engineerings Online Ethics Committee and the National Institute of Engineering Ethics. An expert in emerging technologies, he focuses on societal, ethical, and public health challenges related to nanotechnology and environmental biotechnology. His work also encompasses emergency response and homeland security, making him a leading voice in environmental risk and ethics. Professor Trevor Letcher is an Emeritus Professor at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and living in the United Kingdom. He was previously Professor of Chemistry, and Head of Department, at the University of the Witwatersrand, Rhodes University, and Natal, in South Africa (1969-2004). He has published over 300 papers on areas such as chemical thermodynamic and waste from landfill in peer reviewed journals, and 100 papers in popular science and education journals. Prof. Letcher has edited and/or written 32 major books, of which 22 were published by Elsevier, on topics ranging from future energy, climate change, storing energy, waste, tyre waste and recycling, wind energy, solar energy, managing global warming, plastic waste, renewable energy, and environmental disasters. He has been awarded gold medals by the South African Institute of Chemistry and the South African Association for the Advancement of Science, and the Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics honoured him with a Festschrift in 2018. He is a life member of both the Royal Society of Chemistry (London) and the South African Institute of Chemistry. He is on the editorial board of the Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, and is a Director of the Board of the International Association of Chemical Thermodynamics since 2002.