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Unsafe in the Ivory Tower: The Sexual Victimization of College Women [Kietas viršelis]

3.75/5 (37 ratings by Goodreads)
  • Formatas: Hardback, 248 pages, aukštis x plotis: 254x177 mm, weight: 590 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 12-Jan-2010
  • Leidėjas: SAGE Publications Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1412954762
  • ISBN-13: 9781412954761
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Hardback, 248 pages, aukštis x plotis: 254x177 mm, weight: 590 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 12-Jan-2010
  • Leidėjas: SAGE Publications Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1412954762
  • ISBN-13: 9781412954761
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
For courses in criminology, criminal justice, sociology, and women's studies, Fisher (criminal justice, U. of Cincinnati) et al. examine the nature and aspects of the sexual victimization of female college students, the origins and extent of the issue, how women respond, and what is being done to prevent it. They report on the results of their surveys and studies conducted with about 8,000 women about their experiences with rape, sexual assault, unwanted sexual advances, verbal and visual harassment, and stalking, as well as revictimization, victim disclosure, and the development of the debate over women's sexual victimization between feminists and their critics. Portions of chapters have been derived from previous reports of the authors' research. Annotation ©2010 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

This text presents two interrelated perspectives of sexual victimization on college campuses. First, it discusses the nature and dimensions of a salient social problem: the sexual victimization of college women. Second, it discusses how scholars have participated in this movement to understand the origins, nature, extent, and ways to prevent the sexual victimization, especially on college campuses. Essentially, the aim of this text is to be a conduit through which students will learn much about the nature of victimization and much about the way in which criminologists, victimologists, and social scientists conduct research that informs theory and policy debates.

Features:

Presents two stories of sexual victimization on college campuses: the nature and dimensions of the social problem and the research of scholars who hope to prevent sexual assault on campuses

Offers students the opportunity to learn detailed information about the important issue of sexual vicitimization, and broad lessons about ideology and science, methodology and theory, and basic knowledge and policy

Integrates rich, up-to-date data and current research and theory

Recenzijos

"Unsafe in the Ivory Tower is a major contribution at multiple levels. It advances the body of knowledge and strengthens the empirical rigor in a vital area of research. The book will also serve as a critical policy resource for colleges and universities who are tasked with providing environments for safe living and learning by our nations young women. Its finest contribution, however, will be evidenced in the lives of women across this country whose experience of higher education may be safer and unstained by exposure to sexual violence." -- Carol E. Jordan "Based on rigorous survey research that meets the highest scientific standards, this timely book challenges the notion that colleges are "ivory towers" or peaceful sanctuaries from the "real world." Fisher, Daigle, and Cullen make it completely clear that a substantial number of women on college campuses experience serious harms that would fit most states definitions of felony rape or sexual assault. This book is mandatory reading for anyone seeking a rich, empirically informed understanding of one of societys most compelling social problems." -- Walter S. DeKeseredy "Thought provoking....Some of the most comprehensive, evidence-based research on campus violence against women, with a refreshing look at potential strategies. With eye-opening, hard scientific data, this book answers most of the quintessential questions and will no doubt play a pivotal role in future research and prevention." -- Amy I. Cass Unsafe in the Ivory Tower is truly a comprehensive overview and analysis of sexual victimization. It is theoretically grounded and provides an extensive and critical review of sexual victimization research, both within and beyond the ivory tower. -- Amy Brown Unsafe in the Ivory Tower is truly a comprehensive overview and analysis of sexual victimization. It is theoretically grounded and provides an extensive and critical review of sexual victimization research, both within and beyond the ivory tower. -- Amy L. Brown "While there is not a lack of books and articles available that discuss sexual victimization, this particular text provides a valuable contribution to the literature as it focuses on an often ignored victim of this offense." -- Catherine D. Marcum "While there is not a lack of books and articles available that discuss sexual victimization, this particular text provides a valuable contribution to the literature as it focuses on an often ignored victim of this offense." -- Catherine D. Marcum

Preface xi
1. The Discovery of Sexual Victimization 1
Beyond Real Rape
3
Sexual Victimization in Context
5
The Hidden Figure of Rape
6
Specially Designed Victimization Surveys
8
Koss's Sexual Experiences Survey
11
What the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) Measures
12
What Did Koss Find?
15
One in Four: Publicizing the Rape Epidemic
16
Two Critiques
18
Gilbert: The Dangers of Advocacy Research
19
Roiphe: The Morning After
21
What's Ahead
23
2. Beyond the Culture Wars: The Measurement of Sexual Victimization 25
The National Crime Victimization Survey
27
How the NCVS Measures Victimization
28
The First Step in Measuring Sexual Victimization: The NCVS Screen Questions
29
The Second Step in Measuring Sexual Victimization: The NCVS Incident Report
33
Measuring Rape: Completed, Attempted, or Threatened
33
Measuring Sexual Assault
38
Beyond the NCVS
39
Measuring Sexual Victimization: The Next Generation
39
The National Women's Study
40
Study Design
40
Measuring Forcible Rape
41
Methodological Lessons Learned
43
The National Violence Against Women Survey
44
Study Design
45
Measuring Rape
45
Perpetrator Report for Rape
47
Classifying Victimizations
47
Comparison of Rape Results
48
Stalking
49
The National College Women Sexual Victimization Study
50
Study Design
51
Measuring Sexual Victimization
51
Measuring Rape Through the Incident Report
54
Revisiting the Koss-Gilbert Debate
57
Answering "Yes" to a Behaviorally Specific Rape Question
57
Answering "Yes" to a Non-Rape Screen Question
59
Comparing Two Studies
59
Conclusion
60
3. The Risk of Rape: Unsafe in the Ivory lower? 63
Coming to College as a Rape Victim
64
Rape During the College Years: Koss Revisited
65
Sexual Experiences Survey
65
Studies Using the SES
66
Results From Canada
67
Results From Campus Studies Using Other Victimization Measures
68
The National College Women Sexual Victimization Study
68
The Extent of Rape: Is There a Crisis?
69
The Context of Rape
71
Is College a Risk Factor?
73
Forms of Rape
74
What Rapes Have in Common
76
How Rapes Differ
77
The Role of Drugs and Alcohol
79
Koss Revisited—Again
80
Harvard's College Alcohol Study
81
Kilpatrick et airs National Study of Drug-Facilitated, Incapacitated, and Forcible Rape
82
Conclusion
83
4. Beyond Rape: The Pervasiveness of Sexual Victimization 85
Moving Beyond the Study of Rape
86
Categorizing Sexual Victimization
89
Type of Contact
90
Degree of Coercion
91
Degree of Action
94
A Framework for Categorizing Sexual Victimization
94
Sexual Coercion
95
Tactics
95
Measurement of Sexual Coercion
96
Extent of Sexual Coercion
98
Unwanted Sexual Contact
100
Measurement of Unwanted Sexual Contact
100
Extent of Unwanted Sexual Contact
102
Noncontact Sexual Abuse
104
Measurement of Noncontact Sexual Abuse
104
Extent of Noncontact Verbal Abuse
105
Extent of Noncontact Visual Abuse
107
Noncontact Abuse in Students' Everyday Lives
107
Conclusion
108
5. It Happened Again: Sexual Revictimization 111
Crime Revictimization
112
Extent of Revictimization
112
Concentration of Revictimization
113
Time Course of Revictimization
114
Crime-Switch Patterns
115
Sexual Revictimization
115
Extent of Sexual Revictimization
115
Revictimization Across Developmental Periods
116
Sexual Revictimization Among College Women: The NCWSV Study
117
Sexual Revictimization Over Time
117
Extent of Sexual Revictimization
118
Time Course of Sexual Revictimization
119
Crime-Switch Patterns
121
Why Does Sexual Revictimization Occur?
122
Risk Heterogeneity: Routines/Lifestyles Matter
122
Event Dependence: First Incidents Matter
124
Findings From the NCWSV Study
124
Explaining Sexual Victimization
124
Explaining Revictimization
125
Conclusion
127
6. Victim Secrets: Acknowledging and Reporting Sexual Victimization 129
Acknowledging Victimization
131
Koss's Sexual Experiences Survey
131
The NCWSV Study
132
What Do Unacknowledged Victims Call It?
134
Consequences of Acknowledgment
135
Beneficial Effects
135
Harmful Effects
135
Few Effects
136
Factors Related to Acknowledgment
137
Individual Factors
137
Situational Factors
139
Reporting Sexual Victimization to the Police
141
The Importance of Reporting
142
Why Don't College Women Report Sexual Victimization?
143
Findings From the NCWSV Study
143
Findings From Other Studies on Reporting
145
Reasons for Reporting Victimizations
146
Implications
146
Factors That Influence Reporting
147
Incident Characteristics
147
Offender Characteristics
148
Victim Characteristics
149
Contextual Characteristics
149
Reporting to Other People: Telling Friends
150
Whom Do Victims Tell?
150
Consequences of Telling Others
152
Conclusion
153
7. Being Pursued: The Stalking of Female Students 155
Opportunities for Stalking
157
College Student Characteristics
157
The Campus Setting
158
Students' Lifestyles and Routine Activities
159
Research on the Extent of Stalking
160
Studies of College Students
161
Tjaden and Thoennes's National Violence Against Women Study
162
Measuring Stalking in the NCWSV Study
164
The Extent of Stalking
165
The Nature of Stalking
166
Pursuing Victims
167
Victim–Stalker Interaction
168
Who Is at Risk of Being Stalked?
169
How Do Victims React?
171
Actions Taken by Victims
171
Reporting Stalking
171
Conclusion
173
8. Creating Safe Havens: Preventing Sexual Victimization 177
Two Themes
178
Beyond Ideology: The Importance of Methodology
178
Hidden Inequality: The Cost of Being a Female Student
179
Three Approaches for Preventing Victimization
180
Conservative Approach
181
Feminist Approach
182
Legal Approach
186
Opportunity-Reduction Approach: Situational Crime Prevention
189
Situational Crime Prevention
189
Discourage Offenders
191
Decrease Target Attractiveness
192
Increase Capable Guardianship
194
Preventing Stalking
196
Conclusion
198
References 201
Index 219
About the Authors 229
Bonnie S. Fisher is a Professor in the Division of Criminal Justice and Research Fellow in the Center for Criminal Justice Research at the University of Cincinnati. Professor Fisher received her Ph.D. (1988) in Political Science from Northwestern University. She is a nationally recognized expert in the areas of sexual, violent and stalking victimization of college women, including repeat victimization, self-protection effectiveness, and fear of crime, and how post-secondary schools respond to reports of sexual victimization. She has authored more than 150 publications in national and international peer-reviewed criminology, criminal justice, crime prevention, gerontology, legal, medical, methodological, nursing, urban planning, public administration, psychology, security, and victimology periodicals. She also has edited three volumes that focus on victimization issues: Encyclopedia of Victimology and Crime Prevention; Campus Crime (with Steven P. Lab); Legal, Social and Political Perspectives, 2nd edition (with John Sloan, III); Violence Against Women and Family Violence; and Developments in Research, Practice, and Policy. She has been the co-editor of the Security Journal since 1998. She has served as the Deputy Editor of Justice Quarterly and since 2008 has been the Associate Editor of the Journal of Research Crime and Delinquency. She has been the Principal Investigator or Co-PI on several U.S. Department of Justice grants examining a range of college student victimization issues and on a grant from the British Home Office to examine college student victimization in the East Midlands, United Kingdom. Currently she is a Co-PI on a National Institute of Health grant examining forensic sexual examinations and the use of digital images and staining techniques to enhance the detection of injuries and the use of digital images in decision making among the police, prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges and juries in the criminal justice process.

 

Leah E. Daigle is professor in the Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology in the Andrew Young School of Policy Studies at Georgia State University. She received her PhD in criminal justice from the University of Cincinnati in 2005. Her most recent research is centered on repeat sexual victimization of college women and responses women use during and after being sexually victimized. Her other research interests include the development and continuation of offending and victimization across the life course. She is author of Victimology: A Text/Reader (2nd ed.), Victimology: The Essentials (2nd ed.), coauthor of Criminals in the Making: Criminality Across the Life Course, Victimology, and Unsafe in the Ivory Tower: The Sexual Victimization of College Women, which was awarded the 2011 Outstanding Book Award by the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. She has also published numerous peer-reviewed articles that have appeared in outlets such as Justice Quarterly, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, and Victims and Offenders.

Francis T. Cullen is Distinguished Research Professor Emeritus and Senior Research Associate in the School of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati, where he also holds a joint appointment in sociology. He received a Ph.D. (1979) in sociology and education from Columbia University. Professor Cullen has published more than 500 works in the areas of criminological theory, corrections, white-collar crime, public opinion, sexual victimization, and the criminology of Donald Trump. He is author of Rethinking Crime and Deviance Theory: The Emergence of a Structuring Tradition and is coauthor of Reaffirming Rehabilitation, Correctional Theory: Context and Consequences, Environmental Corrections: A New Paradigm for Supervising Offenders in the Community, Criminology, Communities and Crime: An Enduring American Challenge, Corporate Crime Under Attack: The Ford Pinto Case and Beyond, Combating Corporate Crime: Local Prosecutors at Work, Unsafe in the Ivory Tower: The Sexual Victimization of College Women, and Confronting School Violence: A Synthesis of Six Decades of Research. He also is coeditor of Criminological Theory: Past to PresentEssential Readings, Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory, The Origins of American Criminology, Encyclopedia of Criminological Theory, The Oxford Handbook of Criminological Theory, Challenging Criminological Theory: The Legacy of Ruth Rosner Kornhauser, Sisters in Crime Revisited: Bringing Gender Into Criminology, Delinquency and Drift Revisited: The Criminology of David Matza and Beyond, Deterrence, Choice, and Crime: Contemporary Perspectives, The Oxford Handbook of White-Collar Crime, The American Prison: Imagining a Different Future, and Crime and Victimization in the Trump Era. Professor Cullen is a Past President of the American Society of Criminology and of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. In 2010, he received the ASC Edwin H. Sutherland Award. In 2013, he was honored by his alma mater, Bridgewater State University, with a Doctorate in Public Service. He was selected as the Winner of the 2022 Stockholm Prize in Criminology.