INTRODUCTION |
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xv | |
PART I. PROLOGUE: ANCIENT SOURCES FOR MEDIEVAL CONCEPTS OF VENGEANCE |
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CHAPTER ONE: THE OLD TESTAMENT |
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1. The Pollution of Kin-Slaying |
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b. Eye for eye, tooth for tooth |
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4. The Principle of Sanctuary |
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a. The three cities of sanctuary |
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5. The Levite's Concubine |
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6. Humiliation and the Lord's Vengeance |
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7. Restraining Vengeful Emotions |
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8. The Vengeance of the Maccabees |
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CHAPTER TWO: THE NEW TESTAMENT |
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9. Peacemaking and the Ties of Kinship |
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a. Blessed are the peacemakers |
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b. Dismantling the kin group |
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10. Humility as Vengeance? |
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CHAPTER THREE: ROMAN LAWS |
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11. Criminal Justice and Vengeance in the Theodosian Code and Sirmondian Constitutions |
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a. Accusations and inscriptions |
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b. The production and transfer of accused persons |
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c. The Julian law on public and private violence |
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d. The custody of private prisons |
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e. The Cornelian law on cutthroats |
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g. Magicians, astrologers, and all other like criminals |
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h. The violation of tombs |
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i. The rape of virgins and widows |
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k. Persons who flee for sanctuary to the churches |
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12. Criminal Justice and Vengeance in Justinian's Digest |
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c. Obligations and actions |
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e. The Julian law on punishing adulteries |
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f. The Julian law on violent crime |
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g. The Cornelian law on murderers and poisoners |
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h. The Pompeian law on parricides |
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PART II. THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES (400-1000) |
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CHAPTER FOUR: CODES, CAPITULARIES, AND PENITENTIALS |
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13. The Laws of the Salian Franks |
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b. Concerning disabling injuries |
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c. Concerning abusive terms |
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d. Concerning the killing of freemen |
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e. Concerning homicides committed by a band of men |
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f. Concerning the killing of one of a band of men |
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g. Concerning the chreiremula |
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h. Concerning him who wishes to remove himself from his kin group |
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i. Concerning the composition for homicide |
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j. Concerning the freeman killed while in the army |
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k. On killing a freeman and the manner in which the relatives receive composition for his life |
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b. The laws of King Liutprand |
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15. Carolingian Capitularics |
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a. Sanctuary and enforcing the payment of the wergeld |
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b. Making amends for homicide |
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d. Punishments for homicide |
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e. On giving aid to criminals |
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16. Early Medieval English Law |
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b. The laws of King Athelstan |
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c. From Edmund's code concerning the bloodfeud |
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a. Penitential of Theodore |
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b. Penitential ascribed by Albers to Bede |
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c. The Ecclesiastical Discipline of Regino of Priim |
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CHAPTER FIVE: SERMONS, EXEGESIS, AND LETTERS |
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18. Augustine on the Legitimacy of Fighting Back |
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19. Augustine on the Need to Await God's Vengeance |
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20. Jerome on Kindness and Cruelty |
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21. Law and the "Accursed Custom" of Vengeance in Theoderic's Italy |
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22. Isidore of Seville on the Law of the Talion |
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23. Pope Honorius Speaks of Justice as Vengeance |
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24. Smaragdus of St. Mihiel on Restraining Royal Anger |
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25. Hrabanus Maurus's Homily on Avoiding Anger and Homicide |
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26. Einhard on the Fear of Family Vengeance |
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a. Vengeance gets in the way of military service |
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b. A request to pay composition |
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27. Charles the Bald to Pope Nicholas on Vengeance without Violence |
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28. Vengeance for the "Hard Man" |
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CHAPTER SIX: SAINTS' LIVES, CHRONICLES, AND EPICS |
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29. Jordanes on Vengeance and the Vandal Wars of Conquest |
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30. Gregory of Tours on Feuding and Vengeance |
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a. The need for kings to keep peace |
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b. Sacrilege done in the church of St. Denis because of a woman |
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c. Queen Austrechild seeks an avenger |
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d. A feud in the Jewish community |
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e. Civil war among the citizens of Tours |
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31. Gregory of Tours on God's Vengeance |
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a. The vengeance of the martyr Pancratius |
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b. The martyr Eugenius punishes an oathbreaker |
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c. Divine vengeance strikes some thieves |
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d. A thief is rescued from a stern judge |
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e. Count Gomacharius suffers God's vengeance |
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f. The wickedness of a heretic |
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32. Vengeance as the Devil's Work in the Life of Saint Sadalberga |
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33. Saint Amandus Rescues a Man from Judicial Vengeance |
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34. Saint Willibrord Forgoes Vengeance and Anger |
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35. History of the Lombards by Paul the Deacon |
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a. King Turisind prevents vengeance |
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b. Rosemunda avenges her father |
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36. Einhard on the Peace Inspired by the Relics of Saints Marcellinus and Peter |
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37. Saint Gerald of Aurillac Seeks Peace with His Enemies |
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38. Liutprand of Cremona's "Tit-For-Tat" |
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a. Grendel's mother pursues vengeance |
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b. Beowulf vaunts his vengeance |
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CHAPTER SEVEN: FORMULARIES, CHARTERS, AND JUDGMENTS |
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40. Promise for Peace after a Murder |
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41. An Orderly Merovingian Judgment |
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42. Lombard Record ofJudgment at Pavia |
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PART III. THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES (1000-1250) |
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CHAPTER EIGHT: THE EFFORT TO REGULATE VIOLENCE AND EMOTION |
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43. The Peace of God in Charroux |
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44. Penance for Homicide in the Decretum of Burchard of Worms |
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45. The Laws of the Family of St. Peter |
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46. The Penitential of Burchard of Worms |
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47. Truce of God in Arles |
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48. A Comital Peace Assembly of Barcelona |
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49. The Truce of God in Cologne |
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50. Peace of the Land in Mainz |
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51. The Laws of Henry I of England |
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a. The payment of compensation |
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b. Rules for determining who should bear the feud |
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c. Unintentional killings |
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52. The Usatges of Barcelona |
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53. Rules for Trial by Combat in Brescia |
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54 The Penitential of Alain of Lille |
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55. The Penitential of Robert of Flamborough |
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56. General Constitution Concerning Judgments and Keeping the Peace |
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CHAPTER NINE: SERMONS AND LEARNED COMMENTARY ON ANGER AND VENGEANCE |
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57. Aelfric's Sermon on Anger and Peace |
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58. Wulfstan's "Sermon of the Wolf" on the Evils of His Day |
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59. Peter Damian on Restraining Anger |
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60. A Letter by Peter Damian on the Vengeance of Spiritual Leaders |
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61. William of Malmesbury on the Consequences of Resisting Peace |
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62. Pope Urban II Urges Vengeance on the Enemies of Christendom in Robert the Monk's History of Jerusalem |
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3. An Account of the Speech of Pope Urban II by Fulcher of Chartres |
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a. The council held at Clermont |
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b. The decree of Urban in the same council |
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c. Urban's exhortation concerning a pilgrimage to Jerusalem |
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64. A Sermon by Saint Francis on Hatred and Peace |
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66. Albertanus of Brescia on the Cost of Pursuing Private War |
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67. Thomas Aquinas on Homicide, Vengeance, and Anger |
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b. Question io8: Vengeance |
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CHAPTER TEN: SAINTS' LIVES, CHRONICLES, AND EPICS |
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68. Rodulphus Glaber on the Truce of God |
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69. How the Emperor Conrad Pacified His Realm, According to Wipo |
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70. Adam of Bremen on the Attacks of Bishop Adalbert's Enemies |
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71. The Cattle Raid of Cooley |
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72. Feud between Bishop Gaudry and Baron Gerard in the Autobiography of Guibert of Nogent |
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73. The Murder of Charles the Good by Galbert of Bruges |
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74. Peter Abelard's "Story of My Adversities" |
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75. The Deeds of Louis the Fat by Suger of St. Denis |
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a. How Louis destroyed the castle of Le Puiset after he captured Hugh |
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b. The overthrow of Thomas of Marle's castles at Crecy and Nouvion |
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76. The Vengeance of Kings in Geoffrey of Monmouth's History of the Kings of Britain |
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a. The vengeance of the sons of Constantine |
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77. The Bloodfeud of Meingold and Albric |
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78. Hariulf on the Sweet Words of Arnulf of Soissons |
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79. Chronicle of the Slays by Helmold of Bosau |
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a. The story of Gottschalk |
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80. Emotions Among the Military Aristocracy in Raoul of Cambrai |
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81. The Hatred of Kriemhild and Brunhild in The Nibelungenlied |
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82. Parzival by Wolfram von Eschenbach |
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83. Harald's Norway and the Flight to Iceland in the Laxdaela Saga |
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84. The Story of a Feud in Njal's Saga |
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CHAPTER ELEVEN: PEACE CHARTERS AND OATHS |
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85. Peace Oath Proposed by Bishop Warin of Beauvais to King Robert the Pious |
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86. Henry II Settles a Feud on Monastic Land |
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87. Attempted Settlement by Combat |
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88. Grant to the Norman Bishops of Fines Due from Breaches of the Truce of God |
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89. A Catalan Peace Settlement |
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90. A Twelfth-Century Forged Donation of King Dagobert III |
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91. A Peace Treaty from Avignon |
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PART IV. THE LATER MIDDLE AGES (1250-1500) |
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CHAPTER TWELVE: MUNICIPAL, TERRITORIAL, AND ROYAL LAWS CONCERNING VENGEANCE AND MURDER |
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92. Homicide in the Laws and Customs of England |
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93. From the Sachsenspiegel |
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a. The imperial landpeace of Mainz |
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94. Guarantees of Peace in the Customs of Touraine and Anjou |
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95. The Law of Homicide in the Fuero Real |
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96. Procedures for Private War in the Customs of Beauvaisis |
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97. The Statute of Homicide of Marseille, France |
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98. From the Statutes of Acqui, Italy |
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99. From the Statutes of Apricale, Italy |
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100. From the Statutes of Saone, Italy |
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101. From the Statutes of Cuneo, Italy |
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102. From the Statutes of Celle, Italy |
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103. The Perpetual Peace of the Land Proclaimed by Maximilian I |
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CHAPTER THIRTEEN: ECCLESIASTICAL AND SECULAR COMMENTARY ON PEACE AND THE RESTRAINT OF EMOTIONS |
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104. The Nature of Wrath According to a Preacher's Manual |
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105. A Sermon on Peace by Vincent Ferrer |
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106. Laudable Anger in Leonardo Bruni's Handbook of Moral Philosophy |
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107. Sermon on the Importance of Peace by Bernardino of Siena |
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CHAPTER FOURTEEN: SAINTS' LIVES, CHRONICLES, AND EPICS |
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108. Ambrose Sansedoni's Preaching of Peace Arouses Enmity |
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109. The Vengeful Miracles of Saint Bridget of Sweden |
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384 | |
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110. Saint Catherine of Siena as Peacemaker |
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111. Vengeance and Peace in the Life of Cola di Rienzo |
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112. Dino Compagni on the Florentine Factions |
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113. Trial by Combat in Froissart's Chronicles |
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114. The Vengeance of Our Lord |
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a. Vespasian seeks a cure for leprosy |
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b. Jaffet, a friendly Jew, joins Vespasian |
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e. Revenge against the Jews |
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115. A Miracle of the Blessed Virgin Mary |
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116. A Vision of Peacemaking in the Miracles of Saint Rose of Viterbo |
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CHAPTER FIFTEEN: COURT CASES AND NOTARIAL PEACE ACTS |
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117. The Peace Registers of the City of Tournai |
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409 | |
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a. Jakemins li Caudreliers foreswears Jehennet d'Eskelmes |
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b. The foreswearing of Watiers de la Plagne and company |
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c. The Polekins brothers foreswear Gillion Ghievart |
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d. The de Poukes brothers foreswear Colart de Poukes |
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e. jelians Liepus foreswears his nephew |
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f. Willaume Castagne foreswears his nephew |
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g. Henris Pourres foreswears Bauduin de Rengies |
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118. Tura Ranerii, of Florence, Creates a Procurator |
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412 | |
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119. Cases of Homicide in the Calendar of Coroner's Rolls, London |
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413 | |
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a. The death of John le Belringere |
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b. The death of Roger Herne |
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c. The abjuration of William, son of William le Toliere, and Roger le Leche |
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d. The deaths of William Gilemyn and Robert de Staunton |
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e. The abjuration of John, son of Richard Taillard, for two murders |
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416 | |
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120. Notarized Peace Acts and Related Acts from Marseille |
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417 | |
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a. Peace for the killing of Uguo Clalpin |
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b. Peace between Jacme Gavot and Folco de Nercio |
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c. Peace for the killing of Guilhem Turel |
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d. Peace for the killing of Adalays Rogeria |
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e. Peace between Guilhem Johan and the brothers Peire and Guilhem Tallarone |
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422 | |
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f Peace between Uguo Blanc and Peire Gontard |
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423 | |
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g. Peace for the killing of Adalays Borgone |
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424 | |
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h. A dowry act for Bertomieua Bohiera |
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426 | |
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i. Peace for the killing of Ugueta Roquiera |
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427 | |
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j. Guilhem de Bessa' declares vengeance |
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428 | |
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121. A Lawsuit by Nicolau Guilhem, a Cutler of Marseille |
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429 | |
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122. A Lawsuit against Lois Orlet of Marseille |
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433 | |
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123. A Lawsuit by Anhellon Faber, a Butcher of Marseille |
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441 | |
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124. An Inquest into the Murder of Bernart Berengier in Marseille |
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445 | |
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125. The Marseille City Council Makes a Ruling about Broken Sanctuary |
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455 | |
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126. Ignoring Due Process during a Feud in the Paston Letters |
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456 | |
INDEX OF TOPICS |
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459 | |
SOURCES |
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469 | |