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El. knyga: Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands: Eco-engineering Systems for Wastewater and Sludge Treatment

(Assistant Professor, Environmental Engineering and Management Laboratory, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Greece), (University of Western Greece), (Democritus University of Thrace)
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Jun-2014
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780124046870
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands: Eco-engineering Systems for Wastewater and Sludge TreatmentDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Jun-2014
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780124046870
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Vertical flow constructed wetlands for wastewater and sludge treatment represent a relatively new and still growing technology. Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands is the first book to present the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding vertical flow constructed wetlands theory and applications. In this book, you will learn about vertical flow systems with information about application and performance. Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands also includes information on how different countries are applying the technology, with design guidelines to illustrate best practices worldwide. A focus on water conservation through reuse of treated water showcases the benefit of vertical flow construction, which has greatly increased the attractiveness of the technology in recent years.
  • All state-of-the-art knowledge regarding vertical flow constructed wetlands gathered in one book
  • A review of various constructed wetland approaches, including information about applications and performance, helps clarify what is currently known about constructed wetland principles and design
  • Discussion of how to manage the treated wastewater leaving the vertical flow for increasing biodiversity, providing food and habitat for birds, and producing harvestable biomass or crops
  • Includes case studies of constructed wetlands in developing countries

Daugiau informacijos

Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands covers wastewater and sludge treatment using alternative ecological and natural treatment systems.
Author Biography xi
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
1 Introduction
1(16)
1.1 Natural v. Constructed Wetlands
1(5)
1.1.1 Definitions
1(1)
1.1.2 Function and Values of Natural Wetlands
2(2)
1.1.3 Economic Value of Natural Wetlands
4(1)
1.1.4 From Natural to Constructed Wetlands
5(1)
1.1.5 Evaluating the Benefits of Constructed Wetlands
6(1)
1.2 Development of Constructed Wetland Technology
6(3)
1.3 Conventional v. Constructed Wetlands Systems
9(5)
1.3.1 Sustainable Wastewater Treatment
11(1)
1.3.2 Economic and Technical Benefits---Feasibility
11(1)
1.3.3 Limitations of Constructed Wetlands
12(2)
1.4 Scope of This Book
14(3)
1.4.1 Part A---VFCWs for Wastewater Treatment
15(1)
1.4.2 Part B---Sludge Treatment Wetlands
15(1)
1.4.3 Part C---Technoeconomical Aspects
16(1)
2 Constructed Wetlands Classification
17(10)
2.1 Free Water Surface Constructed Wetlands
19(1)
2.2 Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands (HSF CWs)
20(1)
2.3 Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands
21(1)
2.4 Hybrid Constructed Wetlands
22(3)
2.5 Floating Treatment Wetlands
25(2)
3 VFCW Types
27(12)
3.1 Hydraulic Mode of Operation
27(8)
3.1.1 VFCWs with Intermittent Loading (Downflow)
27(1)
3.1.2 Recirculating VFCWs
28(1)
3.1.3 Tidal Flow CWs
29(2)
3.1.4 Saturated Vertical Upflow CWs
31(1)
3.1.5 Saturated Vertical Downflow CWs
32(1)
3.1.6 Integrated VFCWs
33(2)
3.2 The Problem of Bed Clogging
35(4)
3.2.1 Clogging Mechanisms and Contributing Factors
35(4)
4 VFCW Components
39(18)
4.1 Vegetation
39(13)
4.1.1 Wetland Plant Classification
40(1)
4.1.2 Plant Species in VFCWs
41(8)
4.1.3 The Role of Plants
49(3)
4.2 Substrate Material
52(5)
5 Treatment Processes in VFCWs
57(28)
5.1 General Pollutant Removal Mechanisms
57(2)
5.2 Organic Matter
59(2)
5.3 Suspended Solids
61(1)
5.4 Nitrogen
61(6)
5.4.1 Ammonification
62(1)
5.4.2 Nitrification
63(1)
5.4.3 Denitrification
64(1)
5.4.4 Plant Uptake
65(1)
5.4.5 Adsorption
65(1)
5.4.6 Other Nitrogen Processes
66(1)
5.5 Phosphorus
67(3)
5.5.1 Adsorption and Precipitation
68(2)
5.5.2 Plant Uptake
70(1)
5.5.3 Microbial Uptake
70(1)
5.6 Heavy Metals
70(5)
5.6.1 Adsorption and Precipitation
71(2)
5.6.2 Filtration and Sedimentation
73(1)
5.6.3 Plant Uptake
73(1)
5.6.4 Microbial Activities
74(1)
5.7 Pathogen Removal
75(5)
5.7.1 Abiotic Mechanisms: Sedimentation, Filtration, and Adsorption
76(1)
5.7.2 Biotic Mechanisms: Predation, Retention in Biofilm, and Plant Presence
77(2)
5.7.3 Other Factors
79(1)
5.8 Organic Micropollutants
80(5)
5.8.1 Phenolic and Other Aromatic Compounds
80(3)
5.8.2 Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products, and Endocrine Disruptors
83(2)
6 Domestic/Municipal Wastewater Treatment with VFCWs
85(60)
6.1 Basic Design Considerations
85(6)
6.1.1 Unit Area Requirement
85(2)
6.1.2 Organic and Hydraulic Load
87(3)
6.1.3 Oxygen Transfer Capacity
90(1)
6.2 Facility Layout, Design, and Operation
91(20)
6.2.1 Pretreatment
95(4)
6.2.2 Feeding Strategy
99(2)
6.2.3 Wastewater Distribution and Collection
101(1)
6.2.4 Bed Thickness and Porous Media Layers
102(6)
6.2.5 Post-Treatment
108(1)
6.2.6 The French System
109(2)
6.3 Performance
111(34)
6.3.1 Removal of Organic Matter and Nitrogen
112(5)
6.3.2 Removal of Phosphorus
117(2)
6.3.3 Effects of Porous Media
119(6)
6.3.4 Removal of Pathogenic Microorganisms
125(7)
6.3.5 Effects of Vegetation
132(5)
6.3.6 Effects of Different Aeration Configurations
137(6)
6.3.7 Effect of Evapotranspiration
143(2)
7 Treatment of Special Wastewaters in VFCWs
145(20)
7.1 Treatment of Special Wastewaters
145(16)
7.1.1 Tannery Wastewater
145(2)
7.1.2 Landfill Leachate Effluents
147(2)
7.1.3 Azo-Dye and Textile Industries
149(1)
7.1.4 Other Industrial Effluents
150(1)
7.1.5 Dairy Wastewater
150(1)
7.1.6 Animal Farms
151(1)
7.1.7 Olive Mill Wastewater
152(2)
7.1.8 Summary, Design, and Future Research Suggestions
154(7)
7.2 Groundwater Remediation
161(4)
8 Modeling of Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands
165(16)
8.1 Introduction
165(1)
8.2 Regression Equation Models
166(2)
8.3 Mechanistic Models for VFCWs
168(10)
8.3.1 FITOVERT Model
169(1)
8.3.2 CW2D Model
170(5)
8.3.3 Other Mechanistic Models
175(2)
8.3.4 Pollutant Removal Kinetics
177(1)
8.4 Clogging Model
178(1)
8.5 Conclusions
178(3)
9 General Aspects of Sludge Management
181(10)
9.1 Municipal Sludge Characteristics
181(3)
9.2 Sludge Handling and Management---The Problem
184(3)
9.3 Legislation
187(4)
10 Sludge Treatment Wetlands---Basic Design Considerations
191(18)
10.1 Introduction
191(3)
10.2 Basic Design Considerations
194(2)
10.2.1 Operational Lifetime
195(1)
10.2.2 Sludge Loading Rate
195(1)
10.2.3 Sludge Quality and Origin
196(1)
10.3 Facility Layout
196(4)
10.4 Operation and Feeding Strategy
200(3)
10.5 Common Operational Problems
203(3)
10.6 Vegetation
206(3)
11 Processes and Mechanisms in Sludge Treatment Wetlands
209(6)
11.1 Sludge Dewatering
209(3)
11.1.1 Draining
210(1)
11.1.2 Evapotranspiration
211(1)
11.2 Sludge Mineralization
212(3)
12 Performance of Sludge Treatment Wetlands
215(78)
12.1 Dewatering Efficiency
215(16)
12.1.1 Vertical Profile of the Residual Sludge Layer
223(3)
12.1.2 Comparison with Other Dewatering Methods
226(5)
12.2 Organic Matter (Volatile Solids)
231(4)
12.2.1 Vertical Profile of the Residual Sludge Layer
232(1)
12.2.2 Comparison with Other Dewatering Methods
232(3)
12.3 Nutrients (N, P), pH, and EC
235(6)
12.3.1 Vertical Profile of the Residual Sludge Layer
238(3)
12.4 Heavy Metals
241(8)
12.4.1 Vertical Profile of the Residual Sludge Layer
246(3)
12.5 Pathogens
249(4)
12.5.1 Vertical Profile of the Residual Sludge Layer
249(4)
12.6 Specific Microcompounds
253(3)
12.7 Drained Water
256(8)
12.8 Stability and Maturity of Residual Sludge
264(6)
12.8.1 Stability
264(4)
12.8.2 Maturity
268(2)
12.9 Effects of Vegetation
270(20)
12.9.1 Presence of Plants and Plant Species
271(11)
12.9.2 Plant Uptake
282(8)
12.10 Effects of Porous Media
290(3)
13 Techno-Economic Aspects of Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands
293(22)
13.1 Costing
293(7)
13.2 Economic and Environmental Evaluation
300(15)
References 315(50)
Nomenclature 365(4)
Index 369
Alexandros I. Stefanakis is Assistant Professor at the School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Greece. His expertise lies in ecological engineering and technology, specifically in nature-based solutions for sustainable water and wastewater management. He is known as an expert and enthusiast of the green technology of constructed wetlands. He studies and investigates the role of nature-based solutions in a circular water economy. Dr. Christos Akratos received his diploma and doctoral degrees from the Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece, and now is a Lecturer at the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Western Greece. Dr. Akratos has a great experience in constructed wetlands starting from his doctoral dissertation, and the majority of his publications deal with wastewater treatment with constructed wetlands. He has published 21 refereed journal papers, and has participated as a research team member in 14 research programs, most of them in the area of wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands. Dr. Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis is a Professor of Ecological Engineering and Technology and Director of the Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Technology of the Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece. He is a civil engineer and has M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Environmental Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Dr. Tsihrintzis research interests concentrate, among others, in the fields of natural systems for wastewater treatment with emphasis on constructed wetlands and water resources engineering and management. His published research work includes more than 100 papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals and over 250 papers in conferences. He has also authored or co-authored books/book chapters on operations research, urban hydrology and runoff quality management, and constructed wetlands for wastewater and runoff treatment, among others. He has participated as a PI or team member in various research projects in the USA, the EU and Greece. Dr. Tsihrintzis has supervised more than 60 graduate and post-graduate student theses and 12 doctoral dissertations. He regularly teaches, among others, the course Natural Wastewater Treatment Systems, which is directly related to the proposed book. He has also served as the Head of the Department of Environmental Engineering for several years.
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