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El. knyga: Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy [Taylor & Francis e-book]

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Weekes (Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) summarizes the status of gamma-ray astronomy at energies above 30 MeV at a critical point in the development of the discipline: the hiatus between the demise of the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope telescope, and the launch of the next generation of space telescope, GLAST, and the completion of the next generation of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov detectors involving large arrays of telescopes. He discusses detectors, telescopes in space, the galactic plane, observations of the Crab Nebula, gamma-ray pulsars and binaries, unidentified sources, gamma-ray bursts, diffuse background radiation, and other topics. Distributed in the US by AIDC. Annotation ©2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

High energy gamma-ray photons are the prime probes of the relativistic or high-energy universe, populated by black holes, neutron stars, supernovae, quasars, and matter-antimatter annihilations. Through studying the gamma-ray sky, astrophysicists are able to better understand the formation and behavior of these exotic and energetic bodies.

Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy summarizes the status of gamma-ray astronomy at energies between 30MeV and 50TeV at a critical point in the development of the discipline: the hiatus between the demise of the EGRET telescope and the launch of the next generation of space telescopes. Starting with an overview of the astrophysics of the bodies that generate high energy gamma rays, it proceeds to discuss the latest developments in observational techniques and equipment.

By presenting the techniques, observations, and theories of this expanding frontier, Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy aids experimentalists and theoreticians in detecting and explaining gamma rays of the highest energies.
Foreword xiii
Foundations of gamma-ray astronomy
1(12)
Astronomical exploration
1(1)
The relativistic universe
2(2)
Definitions
4(1)
The heroic era of gamma-ray astronomy
5(8)
The early promise
5(1)
Peculiarities of gamma-ray telescopes
6(1)
VHE gamma-ray telescopes on the ground
7(3)
Historical note: seminal paper
10(1)
HE gamma-ray telescopes in space
11(2)
Very high energy gamma-ray detectors
13(29)
The atmospheric windows
13(1)
Electromagnetic cascade in atmosphere
14(1)
The visible electromagnetic cascade
14(4)
Atmospheric Cherenkov technique
18(7)
General properties
18(3)
Features of the technique
21(4)
The background of cosmic radiation
25(3)
Charged cosmic rays
25(2)
Flux sensitivity
27(1)
Atmospheric Cherenkov imaging detectors
28(10)
Principle
28(2)
Angular resolution
30(1)
Energy resolution
30(1)
Existing imaging telescopes
30(4)
Arrays
34(4)
Other ground-based detectors
38(4)
Particle air shower arrays
38(1)
Solar power stations as ACTs
38(2)
Historical note: Cherenkov images
40(2)
High energy gamma-ray telescopes in space
42(13)
Introduction
42(1)
Pair production telescopes: high energy
42(4)
Compton telescopes
46(2)
Future space telescopes
48(7)
INTEGRAL
48(1)
Swift
49(1)
Light imaging detector for gamma-ray astronomy (AGILE)
49(1)
Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS)
50(1)
The Gamma-ray Large-Area Space Telescope (GLAST)
50(4)
Historical note: CGRO rescue
54(1)
Galactic plane
55(12)
Study of the galactic plane
55(3)
Gamma-ray observations
58(2)
HE observations
58(1)
VHE observations
58(2)
Interpretation
60(2)
Energy spectrum
62(5)
Historical note
65(2)
Supernovae and supernova remnants
67(10)
Supernova explosions
67(1)
Energy considerations
68(2)
Acceleration
70(1)
Detection at outburst
71(1)
Supernova remnant classification
72(2)
SNRs as cosmic ray sources
74(3)
Historical note: SN1987a
75(2)
Gamma-ray observations of the Crab Nebula
77(15)
Significance
77(1)
Optical and x-ray observations
78(1)
Gamma-ray history
79(4)
HE observations
79(3)
VHE observations
82(1)
Gamma source
83(9)
The Crab resolved
83(2)
The standard candle
85(3)
Interpretation
88(2)
Historical box: Crab pictograph
90(2)
Gamma-ray observations of supernova remnants
92(10)
Introduction
92(1)
Plerions
92(1)
SNR/PSR 1706-44
92(1)
Vela
93(1)
Shell-type SNRs
93(9)
SN1006
93(2)
RXJ1713.7-3946
95(1)
Cassiopeia A
95(2)
Other possible detections
97(2)
Historical note: supernova of 1006
99(3)
Gamma-ray pulsars and binaries
102(14)
General properties of pulsars
102(2)
Gamma-ray observations
104(5)
General characteristics
104(1)
Spectral energy distribution
105(1)
Light curves
106(3)
Models
109(2)
Polar cap models
109(1)
Outer gap models
109(2)
Outlook
111(1)
Binaries
111(5)
Historical note: Cygnus X-3
113(3)
Unidentified sources
116(10)
HE observations
116(1)
Population studies
117(3)
Individual identifications
120(2)
CG135+01
120(1)
3EG J0634+0521: binary pulsar?
121(1)
3EGJ1835+5918: Geminga-like pulsar?
121(1)
Galactic center
121(1)
Microquasars
122(1)
VHE observations
123(3)
Historical note: Geminga
124(2)
Extragalactic sources
126(8)
Introduction
126(1)
Galaxies: classification
126(1)
Normal galaxies
127(1)
Starburst galaxies
128(1)
Active galaxies
128(6)
Radio galaxies
129(1)
Active galactic nuclei
130(3)
Historical note: cosmic ray origins
133(1)
Active galactic nuclei: observations
134(22)
Gamma-ray blazars
134(1)
Gamma-ray observations: HE
134(6)
HE source catalog
134(1)
Distance
135(1)
Classification
135(1)
Time variability
135(2)
Luminosity
137(1)
Spectrum
137(1)
Multi-wavelength observations
137(2)
Spectral energy distributions
139(1)
Future prospects
140(1)
Gamma-ray observations: VHE
140(16)
VHE source catalog
140(3)
Distance
143(1)
Classification
143(1)
Variability
143(1)
Luminosity
144(1)
Spectrum
144(4)
Multi-wavelength observations
148(1)
Spectral energy distributions
149(5)
Future prospects
154(1)
Historical note: discovery of 3C279
154(2)
Active galactic nuclei: models
156(13)
Phenomenon
156(1)
Source of energy
157(1)
Beaming
158(1)
Models
159(4)
Lepton models
160(2)
Proton models
162(1)
Implications of the gamma-ray observations
163(6)
HE observations
163(1)
VHE observations
164(2)
Unified theories
166(1)
Historical note: superluminal motion
166(3)
Gamma-ray bursts
169(21)
Introduction
169(1)
The discovery
169(6)
Properties of gamma-ray bursts
175(2)
Time profiles
175(1)
Energy spectra
175(1)
Intensity distribution
176(1)
Distribution of arrival directions
176(1)
The location controversy
177(2)
Counterparts
179(3)
The high energy component
182(3)
The afterglow
185(1)
Models
186(4)
Central engine
186(1)
Total energies
186(1)
Beaming
187(1)
Emission mechanism
187(1)
Geometry
187(1)
Historical note: the great debate
188(2)
Diffuse background radiation
190(10)
Measurement difficulties
190(1)
Diffuse gamma-ray background
191(3)
Observations
191(1)
Interpretation
191(3)
Extragalactic background light
194(6)
Stellar connection
194(1)
Measurement of the soft EBL
195(2)
VHE observations
197(1)
Historical note: the 1 Me V bump
198(2)
Appendix: Radiation and absorption processes
200(17)
A.1 Introduction
200(1)
A.2 Compton scattering
200(5)
A.3 Pair production
205(1)
A.4 Electron bremsstrahlung
206(1)
A.5 Pion production
207(1)
A.6 Gamma-ray absorption
208(1)
A.6.1 Pair production on matter
208(1)
A.6.2 Photon--photon pair production
208(1)
A.7 Synchrotron radiation
209(2)
A.8 Cherenkov radiation
211(6)
Historical note: distance limit
214(3)
Index 217
Weekes, T.C.