| Foreword |
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xxi | |
| Preface |
|
xxiii | |
| Acknowledgments |
|
xxvi | |
| Section I. Introduction to Victimology |
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1 | (13) |
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1 | (1) |
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The History of Victimology: Before the Victims' Rights Movement |
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1 | (1) |
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The Role of the Victim in Crime: Victim Precipitation, Victim Facilitation, and Victim Provocation |
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2 | (4) |
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3 | (1) |
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Ripped From The Headlines |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Focus On International Issues |
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6 | (1) |
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The History of Victimology: The Victims' Rights Movement |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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The Civil Rights Movement |
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7 | (1) |
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Contributions of the Victims' Rights Movement |
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7 | (2) |
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Early Programs for Crime Victims |
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7 | (1) |
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Development of Victim Organizations |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (3) |
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9 | (1) |
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The Causes of Victimization |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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The Crime Victim and the Criminal Justice System |
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10 | (1) |
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The Crime Victim and Social Services |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
| Section II. Extent, Theories, and Factors of Victimization |
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14 | (49) |
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15 | (5) |
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15 | (1) |
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Advantages and Disadvantages |
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15 | (1) |
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Crime as Measured by the UCR |
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15 | (1) |
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National Incident-Based Reporting System |
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16 | (1) |
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National Crime Victimization Survey |
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17 | (2) |
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Extent of Crime Victimization |
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18 | (1) |
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Typical Victimization and Victim |
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19 | (1) |
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International Crime Victims Survey |
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19 | (1) |
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Focus On International Issues |
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19 | (1) |
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Theories and Explanations of Victimization |
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20 | (9) |
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Link Between Victimization and Offending |
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20 | (1) |
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Victim and Offender Characteristics |
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20 | (1) |
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Explaining the Link Between Victimization and Offending |
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20 | (1) |
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Routine Activities and Lifestyles Theories |
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21 | (2) |
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Ripped From The Headlines |
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23 | (1) |
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Structural and Social Process Factors |
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23 | (2) |
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23 | (1) |
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Exposure to Delinquent Peers |
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24 | (1) |
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Box 2.1: Immigration And Victimization: Are They Related? |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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Social Interactionist Perspective |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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Age-Graded Theory of Adult Social Bonds |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Role of Alcohol in Victimization |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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How to Read a Research Article |
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33 | (3) |
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36 | (27) |
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1 Specifying the Influence of Family and Peers on Violent Victimization: Extending Routine Activities and Lifestyles Theories |
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36 | (10) |
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Extends the routine activities and lifestyles theory perspectives to examine how the peer and family contexts impact the risk of violent victimization. |
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2 An Investigation of Neighborhood Disadvantage, Low Self-Control, and Violent Victimization Among Youth |
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46 | (18) |
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Investigates how levels of self-control are related to neighborhood disadvantage and how this influences risk of violent victimization. |
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| Section III. Consequences of Victimization |
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63 | (35) |
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63 | (1) |
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Mental Health Consequences and Costs |
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64 | (3) |
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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder |
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65 | (2) |
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Self-Blame, Learned Helplessness, and the Brain |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (3) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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Ripped From The Headlines |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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Pain, Suffering, and Lost Quality of Life |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (2) |
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Box 3.1: The Story Of James |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (19) |
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3 Victimization, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology, and Later Nonsuicidal Self-Harm in a Birth Cohort |
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79 | (8) |
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The link between victimization and nonsuicidal self-harm is studied with an emphasis on the role that PTSD and other mental disorders play. |
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4 The Economic Costs of Partner Violence and the Cost-Benefit of Civil Protective Orders |
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87 | (13) |
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The cost-benefit of civil protective orders for victims of partner violence is explored. |
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| Section IV. Recurring Victimization |
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98 | (35) |
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Types of Recurring Victimization |
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98 | (1) |
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Extent of Recurring Victimization |
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99 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Recurring Victimization |
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100 | (2) |
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Time Course of Recurring Victimization |
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101 | (1) |
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Crime-Switch Patterns and Victim Proneness |
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101 | (1) |
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Risk Factors for Recurring Victimization |
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102 | (2) |
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Individual-Level Risk Factors |
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102 | (1) |
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Neighborhood-or Household-Level Risk Factors |
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103 | (1) |
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Theoretical Explanations of Recurring Victimization |
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104 | (2) |
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Ripped From The Headlines |
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105 | (1) |
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Consequences of Recurring Victimization |
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106 | (1) |
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Responses to Recurring Victimization |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (23) |
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5 The Violent and Sexual Victimization of College Women: Is Repeat Victimization a Problem? |
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110 | (9) |
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Explores the repeat victimization that occurs to college women over one academic year. |
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6 A Networked Boost: Burglary Co-Offending and Repeat Victimization Using a Network Approach |
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119 | (14) |
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Whether repeat burglary offenses are committed by the same perpetrators is explored by examining offending networks. |
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| Section V. Victims' Rights and Remedies |
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133 | (37) |
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133 | (6) |
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Common Victims' Rights Given by State |
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133 | (3) |
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134 | (1) |
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Box 5.1: Victims' Rights In Virginia |
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134 | (1) |
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Participation and Consultation |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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Rights Related to Evidence |
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135 | (15) |
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Ripped From The Headlines |
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136 | (1) |
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Issues With Victims' Rights |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (3) |
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139 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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Remedies and Rights in Court |
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141 | (6) |
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141 | (3) |
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Box 5.2: Excerpt From Stanford Rape Victim's Impact Statement |
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143 | (1) |
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Victim/Witness Assistance Programs |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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Victim-Offender Mediation Programs |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (20) |
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7 Delivering a Victim Impact Statement: Emotionally Effective or Counterproductive? |
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150 | (13) |
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The effects that giving a victim impact statement have on victims are examined. |
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8 Victim Rights and New Remedies: Finally Getting Victims Their Due |
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163 | (8) |
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Describes the most common types of rights afforded to victims and identifies new trends in victims' rights. |
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| Section VI. Homicide Victimization |
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170 | (49) |
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Defining Homicide Victimization |
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171 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Measurement and Extent of Homicide Victimization |
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173 | (2) |
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Homicide Victimization in the United States |
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173 | (2) |
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173 | (1) |
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Supplemental Homicide Reports |
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173 | (2) |
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National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) |
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175 | (1) |
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Homicide Victimization Across the Globe |
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175 | (1) |
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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime |
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175 | (1) |
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World Health Organization |
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175 | (1) |
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Risk Factors for and Characteristics of Homicide Victimization |
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175 | (13) |
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Sociodemographic Characteristics of Victims and Offenders |
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176 | (2) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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Urbanity and Socioeconomic Status |
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178 | (1) |
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Victim-Offender Relationship |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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Types of Homicide Victimization |
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179 | (4) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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Felonious Homicide Risk and the Elderly |
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179 | (1) |
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Box 6.1: Grandmas At Risk? |
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180 | (1) |
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Intimate Partner Homicide |
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180 | (1) |
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Intimate Partner Homicide Followed by Suicide |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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Box 6.2: Vienna Declaration On Femicide |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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Homicides Involving Multiple Victims |
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182 | (1) |
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Ripped From The Headlines |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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Victim Precipitation Theories |
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183 | (1) |
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Indirect or Secondary Victimization |
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184 | (1) |
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Common Reactions to Homicide |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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Legal and Community Responses to Homicide Victimization |
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185 | (7) |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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Restorative Justice Efforts |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (27) |
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9 Victim Lifestyle as a Correlate of Homicide Clearance |
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192 | (15) |
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The characteristics of a victim's lifestyle and how these factors influence whether a case is cleared by the police are examined in this article. |
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10 Co-Victims of Homicide: A Systematic Review of the Literature |
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207 | (13) |
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A review of the literature on how homicide impacts survivors. |
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| Section VII. Sexual Victimization |
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219 | (53) |
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What Is Sexual Victimization? |
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220 | (2) |
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220 | (1) |
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Sexual Victimization Other Than Rape |
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220 | (2) |
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Box 7.1: The Case Of Genarlow Wilson |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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Measurement and Extent of Sexual Victimization |
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222 | (3) |
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222 | (1) |
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National Crime Victimization Survey |
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223 | (1) |
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National Violence Against Women Survey |
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223 | (1) |
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Sexual Experiences Survey |
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223 | (1) |
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National College Women Sexual Victimization Study |
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224 | (1) |
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National Study of Drug or Alcohol Facilitated, Incapacitated, and Forcible Rape |
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224 | (1) |
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National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey |
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225 | (1) |
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AAU Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct |
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225 | (1) |
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Risk Factors for and Characteristics of Sexual Victimization |
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225 | (3) |
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Characteristics of Sexual Victimization |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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Responses to Sexual Victimization |
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228 | (2) |
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228 | (1) |
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Reporting to the Police and Others |
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228 | (1) |
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Resistance or Self-Protective Action |
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229 | (1) |
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Consequences of Sexual Victimization |
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230 | (1) |
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Physical, Emotional, and Psychological Effects |
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230 | (1) |
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Behavioral and Relationship Effects |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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Recurring Sexual Victimization |
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231 | (1) |
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Special Case: Sexual Victimization of Males |
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231 | (1) |
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Legal and Criminal Justice Responses to Sexual Victimization |
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232 | (5) |
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Legal Aspects of Sexual Victimization |
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232 | (1) |
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Violence Against Women Act (1994) |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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Sex Offender Registration and Notification |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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Prosecuting Rape and Sexual Assault |
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236 | (1) |
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Prevention and Intervention |
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237 | (1) |
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Ripped From The Headlines |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (30) |
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11 Alcohol Expectancy, Drinking Behavior, and Sexual Victimization Among Female and Male College Students |
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242 | (14) |
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Explores the role that alcohol expectancies and drinking behavior play in sexual victimization through path analysis. |
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12 The Effectiveness of Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) Programs: A Review of Psychological, Medical, Legal, and Community Outcomes |
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256 | (18) |
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Provides a historical overview of the development of the SANE program and discusses its effectiveness. |
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| Section VIII. Intimate Partner Violence |
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272 | (56) |
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Defining Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (3) |
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National Crime Victimization Survey |
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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Box 8.1: Sample CTS-2 Questions |
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276 | (1) |
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National Violence Against Women Survey |
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276 | (1) |
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National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (3) |
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Gender and Intimate Partner Violence |
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277 | (1) |
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Special Case: Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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Risk Factors and Theories for Intimate Partner Violence |
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280 | (2) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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Associating With Known Criminals |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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Psychological and Emotional Outcomes |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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Why Abusive Relationships Continue |
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283 | (1) |
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Criminal Justice System Responses to Intimate Partner Violence |
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284 | (3) |
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284 | (2) |
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286 | (1) |
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Legal and Community Responses |
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287 | (2) |
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287 | (1) |
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Domestic Violence Shelters |
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288 | (1) |
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Ripped From The Headlines |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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Family Violence Prevention and Services Act |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (36) |
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13 Conflict and Control: Gender Symmetry and Asymmetry in Domestic Violence |
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292 | (11) |
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Describes multiple types of intimate partner violence and discusses how each can be defined by who is controlling and who is violent in the relationship, recognizing that sometimes it is both parties. |
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Incorporates gender symmetry and asymmetry within this discussion. |
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14 Intimate Partner Violence and the Victim-Offender Overlap |
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303 | (13) |
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Examines the prevalence and correlates of IPV victimization, offending, and victim/offending. |
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15 Voices of Strength and Resistance: A Contextual and Longitudinal Analysis of Women's Responses to Battering |
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316 | (12) |
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Through interviewing women over 2.5 years, the authors provide an understanding of the turning points in relationships that lead women to leave abusive relationships and the forces that keep abusive relationships intact. |
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| Section IX. Victimization at the Beginning and End of Life: Child and Elder Abuse |
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328 | (43) |
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328 | (6) |
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What Is Child Maltreatment? |
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329 | (1) |
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Measurement and Extent of Child Maltreatment |
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330 | (2) |
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Who Are Victims of Child Maltreatment? |
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332 | (1) |
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Who Perpetrates Child Maltreatment? |
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332 | (1) |
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Risk Factors for Child Maltreatment |
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332 | (2) |
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333 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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Consequences of Child Maltreatment |
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334 | (1) |
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Physical, Cognitive, and Developmental Effects |
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334 | (3) |
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334 | (1) |
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Effect on Criminality and Other Behaviors |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (1) |
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Responses to Child Maltreatment |
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335 | (2) |
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335 | (2) |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (8) |
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What Is Elder Maltreatment? |
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337 | (2) |
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Box 9.1: Abuse Of Durable Power Of Attorney: Case Example |
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339 | (1) |
|
Measurement and Extent of Elder Maltreatment |
|
|
339 | (2) |
|
Reports From Adult Protective Services |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
Estimates Derived From Surveys |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Special Case: Elder Maltreatment in Institutions |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Special Case: Intimate Partner Violence of Older Women |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Special Case: Financial Exploitation of the Elderly |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Who Are Victims of Elder Maltreatment? |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Ripped From The Headlines |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Characteristics of Elder Maltreatment Victimization |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for Elder Maltreatment |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Routine Activities Theory |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
Responses to Elder Maltreatment |
|
|
343 | (5) |
|
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
|
348 | (23) |
|
16 Child Abuse and Neglect, Developmental Role Attainment, and Adult Arrests |
|
|
348 | (15) |
|
|
|
|
|
Turning points that may protect a person from the negative effects of child abuse and neglect are examined. |
|
|
|
17 The Epidemiology of Violence Against the Elderly: Implications for Primary and Secondary Prevention |
|
|
363 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
Comparison of the characteristics of homicides, robberies, and assaults of community-dwelling persons aged 65 years and older to persons younger than 65 years. |
|
|
|
Provides overview of incidents that occur in nursing homes as well. |
|
|
| Section X. Victimization at School and Work |
|
371 | (53) |
|
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
Victimization at School: Grades K-12 |
|
|
371 | (7) |
|
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for School Victimization |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Psychosocial Effects of Bullying Victimization |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
Violent Effects of Bullying Victimization |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
Responses to School Victimization |
|
|
375 | (3) |
|
Box 10.1: The Story Of Phoebe Prince |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
Box 10.2: Florida's Bullying/harassment, Cyberbullying, And Hazing Laws |
|
|
376 | (2) |
|
Victimization at School: College |
|
|
378 | (4) |
|
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for Victimization at College |
|
|
378 | (2) |
|
Lifestyle/Routine Activities |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Responses to Campus Victimization |
|
|
380 | (2) |
|
|
|
380 | (2) |
|
Ripped From The Headlines |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
Campus Police and Security Measures |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
382 | (6) |
|
Definition of Workplace Victimization |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
Extent of Workplace Victimization |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Who Is Victimized at Work? |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Demographic Characteristics of Victims |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Occupations With Greatest Risk |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
Special Case: Fatal Workplace Victimization |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
Demographic Characteristics of Victims |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
Occupations and Workplaces With Greatest Risk |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for Victimization at Work |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Special Case: Sexual Harassment |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Consequences of Workplace Victimization |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Responses to Workplace Victimization |
|
|
386 | (5) |
|
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Legislation and Regulation |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (33) |
|
18 Traditional Bullying, Cyber Bullying, and Deviance: A General Strain Theory Approach |
|
|
391 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assesses the effects that bullying has on both male and female youth through a general strain theory lens. |
|
|
|
19 A Multidimensional Examination of Campus Safety: Victimization, Perceptions of Danger, Worry About Crime, and Precautionary Behavior Among College Women in the Post-Clery Era |
|
|
403 | (21) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Examines college women's actual sexual assault, sexual coercion, physical assault, and stalking victimization experiences along with their assessments of campus risk, worry about crime, and precautionary behaviors. |
|
|
| Section XI. Property and Identity Theft Victimization |
|
424 | (40) |
|
|
|
424 | (15) |
|
|
|
424 | (2) |
|
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for Theft Victimization |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
|
426 | (4) |
|
Extent of Motor Vehicle Theft Victimization |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Characteristics of Motor Vehicle Theft Victimization |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Who Are Motor Vehicle Theft Victims? |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for Motor Vehicle Theft Victimization |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
Response to Motor Vehicle Theft |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
|
430 | (2) |
|
Extent of Household Burglary |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
Characteristics of Household Burglary |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
What Households Are Burglarized? |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for Household Burglary |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
|
432 | (10) |
|
Extent of Identity Theft Victimization |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
Box 11.1: Example Of Identity Theft Case |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
Who Is Victimized by Identity Theft? |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Ripped From The Headlines |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
Characteristics of Identity Theft Victimizations |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for Identity Theft Victimization |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
Consequences of Identity Theft |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
Responses to Identity Theft Victimization |
|
|
437 | (5) |
|
Box 11.2: Can-Spam Act Of 2003 |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
Box 11.3: Illinois Identity Theft Law |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (22) |
|
20 Linking Burglary and Target Hardening at the Property Level: New Insights Into Victimization and Burglary Protection |
|
|
442 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Evaluates the effectiveness of a widespread target-hardening program to reduce burglary in the city of Liverpool, North West England. |
|
|
|
21 Online Routines and Identify Theft Victimization: Further Expanding Routine Activity Theory Beyond Direct-Contact Offenses |
|
|
454 | (10) |
|
|
|
Uses routine activities theory to examine its utility in explaining identity theft victimization. |
|
|
| Section XII. Victimization of Special Populations |
|
464 | (57) |
|
Victimization of Persons With Disabilities |
|
|
464 | (2) |
|
Defining Persons With Disabilities |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
Extent of Victimization of Persons With Disabilities |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
|
|
466 | (2) |
|
Ripped From The Headlines |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
Violence Against Women With Disabilities |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
Victimization of Youth With Disabilities |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Patterns of Victimization |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for Victimization for Persons With Disabilities |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
Responses to Victims With Disabilities |
|
|
470 | (2) |
|
Victimization of Persons With Mental Illness |
|
|
472 | (4) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
Extent and Type of Victimization of Persons With Mental Illness |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
Why Are Persons With Mental Illness at Risk for Victimization? |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
Responses to Victims With Mental Illness |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
Victimization of the Incarcerated |
|
|
476 | (6) |
|
Extent of Victimization of People in Jail and Prison |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for Victimization While Incarcerated |
|
|
477 | (2) |
|
Previous History of Victimization |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
Lifestyles and Routine Activities |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
Special Case: Sexual Victimization of Incarcerated Persons |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
Who Is Sexually Victimized? |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for Sexual Victimization in Prison and Jail |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
Responses to Victimization in Prison |
|
|
480 | (5) |
|
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
|
|
481 | (4) |
|
Box 12.1: The Case Of Farmer V. Brennan |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
|
485 | (36) |
|
22 Partner Violence Against Women With Disabilities: Prevalence, Risk, and Explanations |
|
|
485 | (12) |
|
|
|
Investigates the extent to which women with disabilities are the victims of intimate partner violence. |
|
|
|
23 Mental Disorder and Violent Victimization: The Mediating Role of Involvement in Conflicted Social Relationships |
|
|
497 | (11) |
|
|
|
Examines the link between mental disorder and victimization and how involvement in conflicted relationships mediates this relationship. |
|
|
|
24 Vicarious Victimization in Prison: Examining the Effects of Witnessing Victimization While Incarcerated on Offender Reentry |
|
|
508 | (15) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exposure to victimization in prison and its attending consequences on reentry is explored for male inmates. |
|
|
| Section XIII. Victimology From a Comparative Perspective |
|
521 | (49) |
|
Victimology Across the Globe |
|
|
521 | (2) |
|
Measurement and Extent of Victimization Across the Globe |
|
|
523 | (2) |
|
International Crime Victims Survey |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
International Self-Report Delinquency Study |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
British Crime Survey/Crime Survey for England and Wales |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
International Violence Against Women Survey |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
Justice System Responses to Victimization |
|
|
525 | (4) |
|
Victims and the United Nations |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
International Court of Justice |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
International Criminal Court |
|
|
527 | (2) |
|
Ripped From The Headlines |
|
|
527 | (2) |
|
Ripped From The Headlines |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
Victims' Rights and Assistance Programs |
|
|
529 | (5) |
|
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
Different Approaches in Different Locales |
|
|
530 | (7) |
|
Box 13.1: Canadian Victims Bill Of Rights |
|
|
532 | (2) |
|
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
|
|
535 | (2) |
|
|
|
537 | (33) |
|
25 The International Crime Victims Survey: A Retrospective |
|
|
537 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A review that discusses findings from the ICVS over its six administrations. |
|
|
|
26 A Systematic Review of Prevalence and Risk Factors for Elder Abuse in Asia |
|
|
553 | (17) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A review of the extent to which elders are abused in Asian nations and what factors place elders at risk, with a discussion on the unique features of Asian culture that may play a role in elder abuse. |
|
|
| Section XIV. Contemporary Issues in Victimology: Victims of Hate Crimes, human Trafficking, and Terrorism |
|
570 | (62) |
|
|
|
570 | (8) |
|
What Is Hate Crime Victimization? |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
Extent of Hate Crime Victimization |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
Who Are Hate Crime Victims? |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
Individual Characteristics |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
Type of Hate Crime Victimization Experienced |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
Special Case: Sexual-Orientation-Bias-Motivated Hate Crime Victimization |
|
|
572 | (2) |
|
Ripped From The Headlines |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
Characteristics of Hate Crime Victimization |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for Hate Crime Victimization |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
Box 14.1: Tara's Story Of Experiencing Anti-LGBTQ Victimization |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
Consequences of Hate Crime Victimization |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
Consequences for Individuals |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
Consequences for the Community |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
Responses to Hate Crime Victimization |
|
|
576 | (2) |
|
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
Criminal Justice System Response |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
Victims of Human Trafficking |
|
|
578 | (6) |
|
What Is Human Trafficking? |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
Extent of Human Trafficking |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for Human Trafficking |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
Consequences for Victims of Human Trafficking |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
Response to Human Trafficking Victims |
|
|
582 | (2) |
|
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
United States Governmental/Criminal Justice Response |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
|
|
584 | (5) |
|
Extent of Terrorism Victimization |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
Who Are Victims of Terrorism? |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
Characteristics of Terrorism Victimizations |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for Terrorism Victimization |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
Consequences of Terrorism on Victims |
|
|
586 | (1) |
|
Responses to Victims of Terrorism |
|
|
587 | (2) |
|
|
|
589 | (2) |
|
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
|
|
593 | (39) |
|
27 Hate Crimes and Stigma-Related Experiences Among Sexual Minority Adults in the United States: Prevalence Estimates From a National Probability Sample |
|
|
593 | (9) |
|
|
|
Generates national estimates of the extent of violence and stigma-related experiences of gay, lesbian, and bisexual adults. |
|
|
|
28 Challenges to Identifying and Prosecuting Sex Trafficking Cases in the Midwest United States |
|
|
602 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
The challenges to identifying sex trafficking cases and the factors that hinder prosecuting such cases are discussed in this article. |
|
|
|
29 Does Watching the News Affect Fear of Terrorism? The Importance of Media Exposure on Terrorism Fear |
|
|
622 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
The extent to which people are exposed to terrorism-related news was found to be a key factor in fear of terrorism. |
|
|
| Glossary |
|
632 | (10) |
| References |
|
642 | (29) |
| Index |
|
671 | (22) |
| About the Author |
|
693 | |
