Foreword |
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xiii | |
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Ch. 1 Preface/A New Approach to Manual Treatment of the Digestive Organs |
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1 | (2) |
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Ch. 2 Concepts of Visceral Osteopathy |
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3 | (8) |
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3 | (1) |
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2.2 From Intrinsic Autonomy to Extrinsic Compensation |
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3 | (2) |
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2.2.1 Gut Structure: Three in One |
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3 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Autonomy of the Mucosa |
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4 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Autonomy of the Muscles and Pacemaker Cells |
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4 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Autonomy of Neurohormonal Control |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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2.2.6 Chronology in Visceral Diagnosis and Treatment of the Gut |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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2.4.1 Normal Function, Loss of Autonomy, Compensatory Movements |
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5 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Physiological Hyperfunction, Loss of Compensation |
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6 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Loss of Compensation, Dysfunction, Ptosis |
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6 | (1) |
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2.5 Importance of Intravisceral Motion and its Relation to Morphogenetic Growth |
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6 | (1) |
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2.6 Visceral Movements and Dynamic Forces |
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7 | (1) |
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2.6 Stability of Form and Position |
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8 | (1) |
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2.7 Intravisceral Organization: Duality and Bimanual Palpation |
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8 | (1) |
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2.8 Diagram of Visceral Concepts |
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8 | (1) |
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2.8.1 Autonomy: Relationships Inside the Circle |
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8 | (1) |
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2.8.2 Compensation: Relationships Outside the Circle |
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9 | (1) |
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2.9 Visceral, Cranial, and Musculoskeletal System |
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9 | (2) |
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Ch. 3 Peritoneum and Intraperitoneal Viscera |
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11 | (26) |
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11 | (14) |
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3.1.1 Development of the Digestive Tube |
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11 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Development of the Coelomic Cavity |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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3.1.4 Separation of the Cavities |
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13 | (1) |
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3.1.5 First Fusion and Spatial Growth |
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14 | (6) |
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3.1.6 Peritoneal Relationships |
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20 | (3) |
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3.1.7 Development of Extraperitoneal Cavities |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (9) |
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25 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Connections between the Organs in the Peritoneum |
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25 | (7) |
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3.2.3 Connections of the Peritoneum to its Environment |
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32 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Functional Subdivision |
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32 | (2) |
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3.3 Innervation and Vascularization |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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Ch. 4 Elasticity: Inherent Activity of the Gut |
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37 | (14) |
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4.1 Elasticity as a Measure of Intrinsic Visceral Activity |
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37 | (6) |
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4.1.1 Gut Wall and Luminal Contents |
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38 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Expansive Force from Within |
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39 | (1) |
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4.1.3 Structure of the Digestive Tube |
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39 | (1) |
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4.1.4 Tension of the Intestinal Wall |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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4.1.6 Compliance of the Musculature of the Intestinal Wall |
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41 | (1) |
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4.1.7 Elasticity and Autonomy |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (6) |
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4.2.1 Normality, Function, Dysfunction |
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43 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Results of the Rebound Test |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Inhibition and Provocation Test |
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45 | (1) |
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4.2.5 Test Procedure and Interpretation of Findings |
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46 | (3) |
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49 | (2) |
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Ch. 5 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motility |
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51 | (32) |
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5.1 Physiological and Osteopathic Terminology |
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51 | (1) |
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5.2 Dynamics of Embryonic Development |
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52 | (8) |
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5.2.1 Spatial Development |
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52 | (6) |
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5.2.2 Morphogenetic Growth and Directional Elasticity |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (7) |
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5.3.1 Arteries as Support and Holding Structures |
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60 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Vasomotion --- Flow Motion |
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62 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Control Mechanisms in the Vessels |
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63 | (2) |
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5.3.4 Is Extrinsic Motility a Compensatory Mechanism? |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (11) |
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5.4.1 Possible Causative Factors for Intrinsic Motility |
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69 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Manifestations of Intrinsic Motility |
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70 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Compensatory Efforts during Loss of Intrinsic Motility |
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71 | (1) |
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5.4.4 Relational Motility |
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72 | (6) |
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5.5 Diagnosis and Therapy |
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78 | (5) |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (3) |
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Ch. 6 Thoracic Respiration and Visceral Mobility |
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83 | (26) |
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83 | (1) |
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6.2 Control of Thoracic Respiration |
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83 | (3) |
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6.2.1 Respiratory Neurons and Rhythmogenesis of Breathing |
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83 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Shared Cardiorespiratory Network |
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84 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Reflexive Control of Breathing |
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84 | (1) |
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6.2.4 Chemical Breathing Control |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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6.2.6 Central Influences on the Neurological Control of the Diaphragm |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (5) |
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6.3.1 Embryological Development |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (4) |
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6.4 Diaphragmatic Function during Quiet Breathing |
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91 | (2) |
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6.5 Movement of the Diaphragm and the Thorax During Deep Breathing: Moblization of the Peritoneum and its Content |
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93 | (10) |
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6.5.1 Mobilization Phase 1 |
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93 | (4) |
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6.5.2 Mobilization Phase 2 |
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97 | (3) |
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6.5.3 Mobilization Phase 3 |
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100 | (3) |
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6.6 Increased Activity of the Diaphragm during Quiet Breathing |
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103 | (1) |
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6.7 Mobility as a Compensation for an Intraperitoneal Dysfunction |
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103 | (2) |
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6.8 Compensation and Change of Mobility Direction |
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105 | (1) |
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6.9 Diagnosis and Therapy |
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106 | (3) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (2) |
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Ch. 7 Motricity: Locomotor and Postural Activity for the Viscera |
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109 | (20) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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7.3 An Example of Motricity |
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110 | (1) |
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7.4 The Balance between Abdominal Content and the Somatic Container |
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110 | (1) |
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7.5 Normal Tone of the Abdominal Muscles (Resting Supine Position) |
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111 | (1) |
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7.6 Pressure in the Visceral Cushion: Tone of the Musculoskeletal Container |
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112 | (2) |
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7.7 Mechanical Visceroparietal Connections |
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114 | (1) |
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7.8 Motricity as Compensation |
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114 | (5) |
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7.9 Diagnosis and Therapy |
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119 | (10) |
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119 | (8) |
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127 | (2) |
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Ch. 8 Glenard's Apron System |
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129 | (10) |
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129 | (5) |
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8.1.1 Six Curves and Six Angles |
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129 | (2) |
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8.1.2 Three Aprons of Glenard |
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131 | (1) |
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8.1.3 Glenard's Aprons: A Relational Elasticity System |
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132 | (1) |
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8.1.4 Aprons of Glenard: Intrahepatic Pressure and Mobility |
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132 | (1) |
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8.1.5 Cogwheel System of the Intestines: Relational Extrinsic Motility |
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133 | (1) |
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8.2 Practical Application |
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134 | (5) |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (3) |
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Ch. 9 Fascial Skeleton of the Viscera and Peritoneal Cavity |
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139 | (14) |
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9.1 Introduction: What is the fascial skeleton? |
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139 | (1) |
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9.2 Development and Function of the Fascial Skeleton |
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140 | (4) |
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9.2.1 Development of the Peritoneum |
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140 | (1) |
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9.2.2 Spatial Growth of the Fascial Skeleton |
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141 | (1) |
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9.2.3 Elastic Quality of Fascial Skeleton |
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142 | (1) |
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9.2.4 Transmitter and Coordinator of Visceral Information |
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142 | (2) |
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9.2.5 Intravisceral Fascial Skeleton and Directional Elasticity |
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144 | (1) |
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9.3 Communicating and Balancing Forces in the Fascial Skeleton |
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144 | (2) |
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9.3.1 Intervisceral Balance |
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144 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Balance between Viscera and Parietal System |
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145 | (1) |
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9.4 Histogenesis of Fascial Elasticity |
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146 | (1) |
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9.5 Dynamic Stimulation and Resting Activity of the Visceral Fasciae |
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147 | (2) |
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9.6 Diagnosis and Therapy |
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149 | (4) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (3) |
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Ch. 10 Viscerocranial Relationships |
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153 | (6) |
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10.1 Mechanical Information Transmission to, and Stimulation of, the Cranial System |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (1) |
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10.4 Embryological Relationships |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (2) |
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Ch. 11 Autonomic Innervation |
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159 | (16) |
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11.1 Enteric Nervous System |
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159 | (3) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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11.1.4 Local Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides |
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160 | (1) |
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11.1.5 Functional Autonomy of the ENS |
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161 | (1) |
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11.1.6 Pacemaker Cells, Slow Waves, and Motility |
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161 | (1) |
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11.1.7 Mechanical Nerve Stimulation in the ENS |
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162 | (1) |
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11.2 Extrinsic Innervation of the Gut |
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162 | (7) |
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11.2.1 ENS, Intramesenteric Nerves, Preaortic Ganglia |
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162 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Preaortic (Prevertebral) Plexuses |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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11.2.4 Digression: Mechanical Functioning of the Sympathetic Trunk |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (2) |
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11.3 Neurodynamic Activity |
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169 | (2) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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11.4 Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Nervous System |
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171 | (2) |
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11.4.1 Sympathetic Innervation |
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171 | (1) |
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11.4.2 Sympathetic Innervation |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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11.5 Synergy of Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Nervous Systems |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (16) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (2) |
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176 | (2) |
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12.3 Palpation (with Patient Standing) |
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178 | (2) |
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12.4 Assessment (with Patient in Supine Position) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (2) |
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12.7 Jarricot Test (Test for Skin Sensitivity and Pain) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (1) |
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12.10 Tone of the Body Wall |
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185 | (1) |
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12.11 Diagnosis of the Diaphragm |
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185 | (1) |
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12.12 Test of the Upper Abdomen |
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185 | (3) |
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12.13 Diagnosis of an Organ |
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188 | (1) |
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12.14 Relational Diagnosis |
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189 | (2) |
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Ch. 13 Stomach and Esophagus |
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191 | (38) |
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191 | (3) |
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13.1.1 Finding a Position through Spatial Growth |
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191 | (1) |
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13.1.2 Internal Morphogenetic Growth |
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192 | (2) |
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13.2 Anatomy and Physiology |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (5) |
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13.3.1 Esophageal Divisions |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (2) |
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13.3.4 Upper Esophageal Sphincter (Constriction Closure) |
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197 | (1) |
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13.3.5 Lower Esophageal Sphincter (Stretch Closure) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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13.3.8 Autonomic Innervation |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (6) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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13.4.6 Autonomic Innervation |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (2) |
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13.5 Intrinsic Activity and Elasticity |
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205 | (2) |
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13.5.1 Interdigestive Phase |
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205 | (1) |
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13.5.2 Postprandial Phase |
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205 | (2) |
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13.6 Osteopathic Motility: Intrinsic and Spatial |
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207 | (1) |
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13.7 Mobility: Spatial and Intravisceral Movements due to Thoracic Respiration |
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207 | (4) |
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13.7.1 Relational Mobility of the Stomach |
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208 | (3) |
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211 | (2) |
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212 | (1) |
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13.9 Diagnosis and Therapy |
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213 | (6) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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13.9.8 Relational Diagnosis |
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219 | (1) |
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13.10 Treatment Techniques for the Stomach |
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219 | (6) |
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13.10.1 Hyper-resistance of the Stomach: Metabolic, Mechanical, or Psychorelational Trauma |
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220 | (1) |
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13.10.2 Compensation via Mobility |
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220 | (2) |
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13.10.3 Compensation via Motricity |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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13.10.5 Stimulation of Neurovascular Structures in the Lesser Omentum |
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223 | (1) |
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13.10.6 Stimulation of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motility |
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224 | (1) |
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13.10.7 Stimulation of the Gastrolienal Ligament |
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224 | (1) |
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13.10.8 Stimulation of the Gastrocolic Ligament |
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225 | (1) |
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13.11 Techniques for Treating the Esophagus |
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225 | (4) |
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226 | (3) |
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229 | (24) |
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229 | (3) |
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14.2 Anatomy and Physiology |
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232 | (4) |
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232 | (1) |
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14.2.2 Segmentation of the Liver |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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14.2.4 Autonomic Innervation |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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14.3 Elasticity and Inherent Activity |
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236 | (1) |
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14.4 Osteopathic Motility: Intrinsic and Extrinsic |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (4) |
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14.5.1 Mobility between Viscera |
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239 | (2) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (5) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (2) |
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244 | (1) |
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14.7.7 Tests for Motility, Mobility, and Motricity |
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244 | (1) |
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14.7.8 Relational Diagnosis |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (7) |
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14.8.1 Opening of the Functional and Anatomical Sphincters |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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14.8.3 Decongestion and Lifting of the Liver |
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247 | (2) |
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14.8.4 Stimulation of the Liver Pedicle |
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249 | (1) |
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14.8.5 Stimulation of the Celiac Trunk |
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250 | (1) |
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14.8.6 Treatment of Fixations |
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250 | (1) |
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14.8.7 Stimulation of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motility |
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251 | (1) |
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14.8.8 Stimulation of the Liver Parenchyma |
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251 | (2) |
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Ch. 15 Bile Duct and Gallbladder |
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253 | (18) |
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253 | (4) |
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15.1.1 Extrahepatic Bile Ducts |
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253 | (3) |
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15.1.2 Intrahepatic Bile Ducts |
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256 | (1) |
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15.2 Anatomy and Physiology |
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257 | (6) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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15.2.5 Attachments and Connections |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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15.2.8 Enterohepatic Circulation |
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261 | (1) |
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15.2.9 Control of Bile Flow |
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262 | (1) |
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15.3 Elasticity and Inherent Activity |
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263 | (1) |
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15.4 Osteopathic Motility |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (2) |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (2) |
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271 | (20) |
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271 | (4) |
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16.2 Anatomy and Physiology |
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275 | (5) |
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275 | (1) |
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16.2.2 Autonomic Innervation |
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276 | (1) |
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16.2.3 Attachments and Connections |
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276 | (3) |
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16.2.4 Metabolic Controls |
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279 | (1) |
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16.3 Elasticity and Reactivity |
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280 | (1) |
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16.4 Osteopathic Motility |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (6) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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16.7.5 Palpation in Right Side-Lying Position |
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283 | (2) |
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16.7.6 Palpation in Supine Position |
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285 | (2) |
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16.7.7 Palpation in Left Side-Lying Position |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (3) |
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Ch. 17 Small Intestine: Jejunum and Ileum |
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291 | (20) |
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17.1 Embryology: Spatial Movement and Intrinsic Growth |
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291 | (2) |
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17.2 Anatomy and Physiology |
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293 | (8) |
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293 | (1) |
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17.2.2 Macroscopic Anatomy |
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293 | (1) |
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17.2.3 Attachments and Connections |
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294 | (2) |
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17.2.4 Structure and Functions of the Small Intestine |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (2) |
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299 | (1) |
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17.2.7 Lymphatic Drainage |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (2) |
|
|
304 | (2) |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
17.6.4 Palpation and Rebound Test |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
17.6.5 Rebound Test of the Mesentery |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
|
306 | (5) |
|
17.7.1 Gut Tube, Mesentery, Root of Mesentery |
|
|
306 | (2) |
|
17.7.2 Loss of Intrinsic Motility |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
17.7.3 Extrinsic Motility |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
17.7.4 Relational Motility |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
17.7.6 Mobilization Techniques |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
17.7.7 Releasing the Ileocecal Invagination |
|
|
309 | (2) |
|
|
311 | (16) |
|
|
311 | (2) |
|
18.1.1 Extrinsic and Intrinsic Growth |
|
|
311 | (2) |
|
|
313 | (3) |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
18.2.2 Ileocecal Junction |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
18.2.3 Attachments and Connections |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
18.2.4 Structure of the Large Intestine |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
18.3 Physiology of Volumetric Change in a Functional Diverticulum |
|
|
316 | (3) |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
|
320 | (3) |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
18.6.6 Tension of Ligaments |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
18.6.7 Rebound Test (including Percussion) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
18.6.9 Relational Diagnosis |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
323 | (4) |
|
18.7.1 Passive Mobilization of the Intestinal Tube |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
18.7.2 Stimulating Dynamic Technique: Compression |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
18.7.3 Stimulation of the Supply Structures |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
18.7.4 Mobilization and Stimulation of the Mesentery |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
18.7.5 Intrinsic Motility |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
18.7.6 Extrinsic Motility |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
18.7.7 Listening Technique for Motility of the Colic Frame |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
18.7.9 Ileocecal Invagination |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
18.7.10 Mobilization of the Ascending Colon and Toldt's Fascia |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
18.7.11 Opening of the Hepatic Flexure |
|
|
325 | (2) |
|
|
327 | (18) |
|
|
327 | (4) |
|
|
331 | (4) |
|
19.2.1 Topography of the Ascending, Transverse, and Descending Colons |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
19.2.2 Attachments and Spatial Relationships |
|
|
331 | (3) |
|
19.2.3 Structure of the Gut Tube |
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
335 | (2) |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
19.3.2 Extrinsic Innervation |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
19.4 Compensation through Neurovascular Anastomoses |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
19.5 Osteopathic Motility |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
338 | (2) |
|
|
340 | (2) |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
19.7.5 Palpation and Elasticity |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
342 | (3) |
|
19.8.1 Stimulating the Gut Tube |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
19.8.2 Mobilization and Stimulation of the Right/Left Toldt's Fascia |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
19.8.3 Stimulating the Transverse Colon |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
19.8.4 Opening and Activating the Colic Flexures |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
19.8.5 Stimulating the Transverse Mesocolon |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
19.8.6 Stimulating the Left Phrenicocolic Ligament |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
19.8.10 Stomach---Transverse Colon |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
19.8.11 Liver---Transverse Colon |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
345 | (10) |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
346 | (3) |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
20.2.2 Topography and Functional Division |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
20.2.3 Attachments and Spatial Relationships |
|
|
347 | (2) |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
20.3 Elasticity and Volumetric Changes |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
20.4 Osteopathic Motility |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
20.6.6 Relational Diagnosis |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (3) |
|
20.7.1 Stimulation of the Gut Tube |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
20.7.2 Stimulating Elasticity through Rhythmic Compression |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
20.7.3 Stimulation of the Trophic State of the Sigmoid Colon |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
20.7.4 Mobilization and Stimulation of Mesentery and Roots |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
355 | (18) |
|
|
355 | (4) |
|
21.2 Anatomy and Physiology |
|
|
359 | (8) |
|
|
359 | (3) |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
21.2.3 Attachments and Connections |
|
|
362 | (3) |
|
21.2.4 Autonomic Innervation |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
21.2.5 Macroscopic Anatomy |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
365 | (2) |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
21.3 Elasticity and Rhythmic Activity |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
21.4 Osteopathic Motility |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
368 | (3) |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
21.6.7 Relational Diagnosis |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
|
371 | (2) |
|
21.7.1 Extrinsic Motility |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
21.7.3 Combined Technique for Splenic Ptosis |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
21.7.4 Compression Technique |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
21.7.5 Stimulation of the Hilum |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
21.7.6 Gastrosplenic Ligament |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Ch. 22 Gastrointestinal Sphincters |
|
|
373 | (8) |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
22.1.1 Intrinsic Growth and Motility |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
22.2 Anatomy, Histology, and Physiology |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
22.3 Autonomy and Functional Synergy of the Sphincters |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
22.4 Compensatory Function |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
22.4.1 Stimulation of Elasticity via Sphincter Closure or Mechanical Support |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
22.4.2 Torsion to Restore Normal Function (Mobility and Extrinsic Motility) |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
22.5.4 Inhibition and Provocation Tests |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
22.5.5 Intrinsic Motility |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
22.5.6 Relational Movements |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
377 | (4) |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
22.6.2 Techniques for Treating Sphincter Function |
|
|
378 | (3) |
Glossary |
|
381 | (8) |
Bibliography |
|
389 | (12) |
Index |
|
401 | |