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Vitamin A [Minkštas viršelis]

  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 288 pages, aukštis x plotis: 240x170 mm, weight: 558 g, 9 line drawings, bibliography
  • Serija: Handbooks of Cancer Prevention v.3
  • Išleidimo metai: 28-Jan-1999
  • Leidėjas: International Agency for Research on Cancer
  • ISBN-10: 9283230035
  • ISBN-13: 9789283230038
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 288 pages, aukštis x plotis: 240x170 mm, weight: 558 g, 9 line drawings, bibliography
  • Serija: Handbooks of Cancer Prevention v.3
  • Išleidimo metai: 28-Jan-1999
  • Leidėjas: International Agency for Research on Cancer
  • ISBN-10: 9283230035
  • ISBN-13: 9789283230038
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Since the 1970s there has been an intense interest in studying vitamin A as an active chemopreventive agent. Observational epidemiological studies have not shown consistent cancer-preventive effects. Vitamin A, often in combination with other compounds, has been studied in several randomized trials. Overall, there is little evidence that supplementation for a few years would reduce the risk of any type of cancer. This book summarizes and evaluates the existing evidence on the cancer-preventive activity of vitamin A following the meeting of a working group of international experts in Lyon, on the 13-19 May 1998, to evaluate the existing evidence on the cancer-preventive activity of retinol and retinyl esters.
List of Participants
1(2)
Abbreviations 3(2)
Preamble 5(12)
General Remarks 17(6)
Chemical and physical characteristics of vitamin A
23(4)
Retinol
Name
23(1)
Structural and molecular formulae and relative molecular mass
23(1)
Physical and chemical properties
23(1)
Technical properties
24(1)
Retinyl acetate
24(1)
Name
24(1)
Structural and molecular formulae and relative molecular mass
24(1)
Physical and chemical properties
24(1)
Technical products
25(1)
Retinyl palmitate
25(1)
Name
25(1)
Structural and molecular formulae and relative molecular mass
25(1)
Physical and chemical properties
25(1)
Technical products
25(1)
Retinal
26(1)
Name
26(1)
Structural and molecular formulae and relative molecular mass
26(1)
Physical and chemical properties
26(1)
Retinoic acid
26(1)
Name
26(1)
Structural and molecular formula and relative molecular mass
26(1)
Physical and chemical properties
27(1)
Occurrence, production, use, analysis and human exposure
27(4)
Occurrence
27(1)
Production
27(1)
Use and application
27(1)
Human exposure
28(1)
Analysis
29(2)
Functional methods
29(1)
Night-blindness
29(1)
Conjunctival impression cytology
30(1)
Biochemical methods
30(1)
Relative dose reponse
30(1)
Modified relative dose response
30(1)
Serum retinol
30(1)
Vitamin A in food
31(1)
Milk analysis
31(1)
Metabolism, kinetics, tissue distribution and inter- and intra-species variation
31(42)
Human studies
31(8)
Introduction
31(1)
Absorption
32(1)
Transport
32(1)
Factors affecting plasma retinoid concentrations
33(2)
Uptake by tissues
35(1)
Tissue distribution
35(1)
Metabolism
36(1)
Function
37(1)
Excretion
38(1)
Kinetics
38(1)
Experimental models
39(34)
Overview
39(1)
Animal models
39(1)
Vitamin A metabolism and transport
40(1)
Intestinal uptake and metabolism of dietary vitamin A
40(3)
Provitamin A carotenoid uptake and metabolism
43(1)
Preformed vitamin A uptake and metabolism
44(1)
Chylomicron delivery of postprandial vitamin A
45(1)
Overview
45(1)
Hepatic clearance
46(1)
Extrahepatic tissue clearance
47(1)
Hepatic storage and metabolism of vitamin A
48(1)
Hepatic processing of dietary vitamin A
49(1)
Vitamin A storage and metabolism in hepatocytes
50(2)
Transfer of vitamin A between hepatocytes and stellate cells
52(1)
Vitamin A storage and metabolism in hepatic stellate cells
52(2)
Hepatic mobilization and plasma transport of retinol: retinol-binding protein
54(1)
Hepatic retinoic acid formation and metabolism
55(1)
Plasma transport of vitamin A
55(1)
Retinol delivery to target tissues
56(1)
Plasma retinoic acid
57(1)
Plasma 13-cis-retinoic acid
58(1)
Plasma 9-cis-retinoic acid
59(1)
Retinoid glucuronides
59(1)
Other metabolites of retinol
59(1)
Lipoprotein-bound retinyl ester
60(1)
Extrahepatic vitamin A storage and metabolism
60(2)
Adipose tissue
62(1)
Kidney
63(1)
Testis
64(1)
Lung
64(1)
Bone marrow
65(1)
Eye
65(1)
Other tissues and species
65(1)
Retinoic acid metabolism
66(1)
Retinoic acid formation in tissues
66(5)
Synthesis of retinoic acid from carotenoids within tissues
71(1)
Metabolism of retinoic acid
71(2)
Preventive effects
73(87)
Humans
73(34)
Epidemiological studies
73(1)
Methodological issues
73(1)
Assessment of exposure
74(2)
Vitamin A and specific cancer sites
76(15)
Intervention trials with cancer as an endpoint
91(1)
Primary prevention trials
91(9)
Prevention of second primary cancers
100(2)
Preneoplastic lesions and intermediate end-points
102(1)
Oral premalignancy
102(1)
Reversal of oral premalignancy
103(1)
Larynx
104(1)
Oesophagus and stomach
104(1)
Colorectum
105(1)
Lung
105(1)
Cervical dysplasia
105(1)
Systemic biomarkers
106(1)
Summary
107(1)
Experimental models
107(48)
Tumour induction
107(1)
Lung
107(2)
Mammary gland
109(4)
Urinary bladder
113(1)
Skin
114(2)
Oesophagus and forestomach
116(2)
Large intestine
118(1)
Liver
118(1)
Thyroid
119(1)
Other sites
119(1)
Intermediate biomarkers
119(6)
In-vitro models
125(1)
Modulation of cell proliferation and differentiation
125(10)
In-vitro inhibition of genetic and related effects
135(20)
Mechanism of cancer-prevention
155(5)
Inhibition of events associated with carcinogenesis
155(1)
Effects of premalignant lesions
155(1)
Inhibition of transformation
156(1)
Inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation
156(1)
Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase induction
157(1)
Restoration of normal differentiation
157(1)
Restoration of gap junctional communication
157(1)
Inhibition of prostaglandin production
157(1)
Modulation of cell adhesion and migration
158(1)
Inhibition of angiogenesis
158(1)
Modulation of immune responses
158(2)
Other mechanisms
160(1)
Other beneficial effects
160(5)
Conditions related to vitamin A deficiency
160(1)
Night-blindness and xerophthalmia
160(1)
Growth
160(1)
Cystic fibrosis
160(1)
Psoriasis and other skin conditions
160(1)
Anaemia
161(1)
Eclampsia and abruptio placentae
161(1)
Infectious disease and mortality
161(2)
Effects on vascular or heart disese
163(1)
Other preventive actions
164(1)
Degenerative condition of ageing
164(1)
Arthritis
164(1)
Other protective antioxidant effects
164(1)
Lung function
164(1)
Carcinogenicity
165(2)
Human studies
165(2)
Experimental models
167(1)
Other toxic effects
167(28)
Adverse effects
167(6)
Human studies
167(1)
Mucocutaneous toxicity
168(1)
Circulatory toxicity
169(1)
Internal organ toxicity
169(1)
Neurological toxicity
170(1)
Musculo-skeletal toxicity
170(1)
Experimental studies
170(1)
Mucocutaneous toxicity
171(1)
Circulatory toxicity
171(1)
Internal organ toxicity
171(2)
Musculo-skeletal toxicity
173(1)
Reproductive and developmental effects
173(17)
Human studies
173(2)
Experimental studies
175(1)
Effects on embryonic development
175(5)
Interspecies comparison of the metabolism and bioactivation of vitamin A following teratogenic doses
180(9)
Role of vitamin A in reproduction, in particular spermatogenesis
189(1)
Possible metabolic basis of retinoid-induced teratogenicity
189(1)
Genetic and related effects
190(5)
Human studies
190(1)
Experimental studies
190(5)
Summary of data
195(6)
Chemistry, occurrence and human exposure
195(1)
Metabolism and kinetic properties in humans and animals
195(1)
Cancer-preventive effects
196(3)
Human studies
196(2)
Experimental studies
198(1)
Mechanisms of cancer-prevention
199(1)
Other beneficial effects
199(1)
Carcinogenic effects
199(1)
Human studies
199(1)
Experimental animals
199(1)
Toxic effects
199(2)
Human studies
199(1)
Experimental studies
200(1)
Recommendations for future research
201(1)
Evaluation
202(3)
Cancer-preventive activity
202(1)
Humans
202(1)
Experimental animals
202(1)
Overall evaluation
202(3)
References 205(46)
Appendix
1. Interconversion of units for vitamin A
251(1)
Appendix
2. Three-letter codes used in activity profiles
252(1)
Appendix
3. The concept of activity profiles of antimutagens
253(3)
Appendix
4. Activity profiles for genetic and related effects
256