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1 | (2) |
Abbreviations |
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3 | (2) |
Preamble |
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5 | (12) |
General Remarks |
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17 | (6) |
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Chemical and physical characteristics of vitamin A |
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23 | (4) |
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23 | (1) |
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Structural and molecular formulae and relative molecular mass |
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23 | (1) |
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Physical and chemical properties |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Structural and molecular formulae and relative molecular mass |
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24 | (1) |
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Physical and chemical properties |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Structural and molecular formulae and relative molecular mass |
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25 | (1) |
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Physical and chemical properties |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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Structural and molecular formulae and relative molecular mass |
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26 | (1) |
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Physical and chemical properties |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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Structural and molecular formula and relative molecular mass |
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26 | (1) |
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Physical and chemical properties |
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27 | (1) |
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Occurrence, production, use, analysis and human exposure |
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27 | (4) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (2) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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Conjunctival impression cytology |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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Modified relative dose response |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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Metabolism, kinetics, tissue distribution and inter- and intra-species variation |
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31 | (42) |
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31 | (8) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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Factors affecting plasma retinoid concentrations |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (34) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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Vitamin A metabolism and transport |
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40 | (1) |
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Intestinal uptake and metabolism of dietary vitamin A |
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40 | (3) |
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Provitamin A carotenoid uptake and metabolism |
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43 | (1) |
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Preformed vitamin A uptake and metabolism |
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44 | (1) |
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Chylomicron delivery of postprandial vitamin A |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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Extrahepatic tissue clearance |
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47 | (1) |
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Hepatic storage and metabolism of vitamin A |
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48 | (1) |
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Hepatic processing of dietary vitamin A |
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49 | (1) |
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Vitamin A storage and metabolism in hepatocytes |
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50 | (2) |
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Transfer of vitamin A between hepatocytes and stellate cells |
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52 | (1) |
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Vitamin A storage and metabolism in hepatic stellate cells |
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52 | (2) |
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Hepatic mobilization and plasma transport of retinol: retinol-binding protein |
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54 | (1) |
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Hepatic retinoic acid formation and metabolism |
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55 | (1) |
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Plasma transport of vitamin A |
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55 | (1) |
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Retinol delivery to target tissues |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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Plasma 13-cis-retinoic acid |
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58 | (1) |
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Plasma 9-cis-retinoic acid |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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Other metabolites of retinol |
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59 | (1) |
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Lipoprotein-bound retinyl ester |
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60 | (1) |
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Extrahepatic vitamin A storage and metabolism |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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Other tissues and species |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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Retinoic acid formation in tissues |
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66 | (5) |
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Synthesis of retinoic acid from carotenoids within tissues |
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71 | (1) |
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Metabolism of retinoic acid |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (87) |
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73 | (34) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (2) |
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Vitamin A and specific cancer sites |
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76 | (15) |
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Intervention trials with cancer as an endpoint |
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91 | (1) |
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Primary prevention trials |
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91 | (9) |
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Prevention of second primary cancers |
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100 | (2) |
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Preneoplastic lesions and intermediate end-points |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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Reversal of oral premalignancy |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (48) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (4) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (2) |
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Oesophagus and forestomach |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (6) |
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125 | (1) |
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Modulation of cell proliferation and differentiation |
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125 | (10) |
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In-vitro inhibition of genetic and related effects |
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135 | (20) |
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Mechanism of cancer-prevention |
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155 | (5) |
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Inhibition of events associated with carcinogenesis |
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155 | (1) |
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Effects of premalignant lesions |
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155 | (1) |
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Inhibition of transformation |
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156 | (1) |
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Inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation |
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156 | (1) |
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Inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase induction |
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157 | (1) |
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Restoration of normal differentiation |
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157 | (1) |
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Restoration of gap junctional communication |
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157 | (1) |
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Inhibition of prostaglandin production |
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157 | (1) |
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Modulation of cell adhesion and migration |
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158 | (1) |
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Inhibition of angiogenesis |
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158 | (1) |
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Modulation of immune responses |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (5) |
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Conditions related to vitamin A deficiency |
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160 | (1) |
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Night-blindness and xerophthalmia |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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Psoriasis and other skin conditions |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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Eclampsia and abruptio placentae |
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161 | (1) |
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Infectious disease and mortality |
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|
161 | (2) |
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Effects on vascular or heart disese |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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Degenerative condition of ageing |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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Other protective antioxidant effects |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (2) |
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|
165 | (2) |
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|
167 | (1) |
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|
167 | (28) |
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|
167 | (6) |
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167 | (1) |
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|
168 | (1) |
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|
169 | (1) |
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|
169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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Musculo-skeletal toxicity |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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Musculo-skeletal toxicity |
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173 | (1) |
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Reproductive and developmental effects |
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173 | (17) |
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|
173 | (2) |
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175 | (1) |
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Effects on embryonic development |
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175 | (5) |
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Interspecies comparison of the metabolism and bioactivation of vitamin A following teratogenic doses |
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|
180 | (9) |
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Role of vitamin A in reproduction, in particular spermatogenesis |
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189 | (1) |
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Possible metabolic basis of retinoid-induced teratogenicity |
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189 | (1) |
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Genetic and related effects |
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190 | (5) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (5) |
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195 | (6) |
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Chemistry, occurrence and human exposure |
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195 | (1) |
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Metabolism and kinetic properties in humans and animals |
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195 | (1) |
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Cancer-preventive effects |
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196 | (3) |
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196 | (2) |
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198 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of cancer-prevention |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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|
199 | (1) |
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|
199 | (2) |
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|
199 | (1) |
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|
200 | (1) |
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Recommendations for future research |
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201 | (1) |
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|
202 | (3) |
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Cancer-preventive activity |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (3) |
References |
|
205 | (46) |
Appendix 1. Interconversion of units for vitamin A |
|
251 | (1) |
Appendix 2. Three-letter codes used in activity profiles |
|
252 | (1) |
Appendix 3. The concept of activity profiles of antimutagens |
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253 | (3) |
Appendix 4. Activity profiles for genetic and related effects |
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256 | |