Atnaujinkite slapukų nuostatas

El. knyga: Water Resource Management Issues: Basic Principles and Applications

(Manhattan College, New York, USA), (Utah State University, Logan, USA)
  • Formatas: 444 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Nov-2019
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780429592140
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Water Resource Management Issues: Basic Principles and ApplicationsDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 444 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 26-Nov-2019
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780429592140
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

DRM apribojimai

  • Kopijuoti:

    neleidžiama

  • Spausdinti:

    neleidžiama

  • El. knygos naudojimas:

    Skaitmeninių teisių valdymas (DRM)
    Leidykla pateikė šią knygą šifruota forma, o tai reiškia, kad norint ją atrakinti ir perskaityti reikia įdiegti nemokamą programinę įrangą. Norint skaityti šią el. knygą, turite susikurti Adobe ID . Daugiau informacijos  čia. El. knygą galima atsisiųsti į 6 įrenginius (vienas vartotojas su tuo pačiu Adobe ID).

    Reikalinga programinė įranga
    Norint skaityti šią el. knygą mobiliajame įrenginyje (telefone ar planšetiniame kompiuteryje), turite įdiegti šią nemokamą programėlę: PocketBook Reader (iOS / Android)

    Norint skaityti šią el. knygą asmeniniame arba „Mac“ kompiuteryje, Jums reikalinga  Adobe Digital Editions “ (tai nemokama programa, specialiai sukurta el. knygoms. Tai nėra tas pats, kas „Adobe Reader“, kurią tikriausiai jau turite savo kompiuteryje.)

    Negalite skaityti šios el. knygos naudodami „Amazon Kindle“.

Drinking Water Safety: Basic Principles and Applications, examines the technical and scientific, as well as regulatory, ethical, and emerging issues of pollution prevention, sustainability, and optimization for the production and management of safe drinking water to cope with environmental pollution, population growth, increasing demand, terrorist threats, and climate change pressures. It presents a summary of conventional water and wastewater treatment technologies, in addition to the latest processes.

Features include:

Provides a summary of current and future of global water resources and availability.

Summarizes key U.S. regulatory programs designed to ensure protection of water quality and safe drinking water supplies, with details on modern approaches for water utility resilience.

Examines the latest water treatment technologies and processes, including separate chapters on evaporation, crystallization, nanotechnology, membrane-based processes, and innovative desalination approaches.

Reviews the specialized literature on pollution prevention, sustainability, and the role of optimization in water treatment and related areas, as well as references for further reading.

Provides illustrative examples and case studies that complement the text throughout, as well as an appendix with sections on units and conversion constants.
Preface xv
Authors xvii
Section I Overview
Chapter 1 Glossary of Terms
3(20)
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 Glossary
3(19)
Reference
22(1)
Chapter 2 Historical Perspective
23(16)
2.1 Introduction
23(1)
2.2 The Earth and Moon
24(1)
2.3 The Hydrologic Cycle
25(6)
2.3.1 Rivers and Streams
26(1)
2.3.2 Estuaries, Bays, and Harbors
27(2)
2.3.3 Lakes
29(1)
2.3.4 Oceans
30(25)
2.3.4.1 Tidal Energy
30(1)
2.3.4.2 Thermal Energy
31(1)
2.3.4.3 Wave Energy
31(1)
2.4 The First Humans
31(1)
2.5 The Development of Agriculture
32(1)
2.6 Colonization of the New World
33(1)
2.7 The Industrial Revolution and Beyond
34(1)
2.8 The Environmental Movement and the Environmental Protection Agency
35(1)
2.9 Applications
35(2)
References
37(2)
Chapter 3 Water Properties
39(16)
3.1 Introduction
39(1)
3.2 Unique Properties of Water
39(1)
3.3 Phases and the Triple Point of Water
40(1)
3.4 Vapor Pressure of Water
41(2)
3.5 Water Steam Tables
43(8)
3.6 Other Properties of Water
51(1)
3.7 Applications
52(1)
References
53(2)
Chapter 4 Water Chemistry
55(12)
4.1 Introduction
55(1)
4.2 Chemical Properties of Water
55(1)
4.3 Chemical Composition of Natural Waters
55(5)
4.3.1 Dissolved Minerals
56(1)
4.3.2 Dissolved Gases
57(1)
4.3.3 Heavy Metals
57(1)
4.3.4 Organic Constituents
58(1)
4.3.5 Nutrients
59(1)
4.4 Chemical Reactions
60(1)
4.5 Water pH
60(1)
4.6 Applications
61(4)
References
65(2)
Chapter 5 Environmental Regulatory Framework
67(18)
5.1 Introduction
67(1)
5.2 The Regulatory System
67(1)
5.3 Laws and Regulations: The Differences
68(2)
5.4 The Role of the States
70(1)
5.5 The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
70(1)
5.6 Major Toxic Chemical Laws Administered by the U.S. EPA
71(9)
5.6.1 The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986
73(1)
5.6.2 The Clean Air Act (CAA)
74(4)
5.6.2.1 Provisions for Attainment and Maintenance of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
75(1)
5.6.2.2 Provisions Relating to Mobile Sources
75(1)
5.6.2.3 Air Toxics
76(1)
5.6.2.4 Acid Deposition Control
76(1)
5.6.2.5 Operating Permits
77(1)
5.6.2.6 Stratospheric Ozone Protection
77(1)
5.6.2.7 Provisions Relating to Enforcement
77(1)
5.6.3 The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
78(1)
5.6.4 USEPA's Risk Management Program (RMP)
79(1)
5.6.5 The Pollution Prevention Act (PPA) of 1990
80(1)
5.7 Legislative Tools for Controlling Water Pollution
80(1)
5.8 Applications
80(4)
References
84(1)
Chapter 6 The Clean Water Act
85(12)
6.1 Introduction
85(1)
6.2 Early History of Water Pollution Control
85(1)
6.3 The Clean Water Act
86(1)
6.4 Water Quality Standards
87(1)
6.5 Water Quality Criteria
88(1)
6.6 Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs)
89(2)
6.7 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
91(1)
6.8 Grants
91(1)
6.9 Applications
92(3)
References
95(2)
Chapter 7 The Safe Drinking Water Act
97(12)
7.1 Introduction
97(1)
7.2 Regulated Public Water Systems
97(1)
7.3 Details of the Safe Drinking Water Act
98(1)
7.4 Drinking Water Standards
99(2)
7.5 Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Regulations
101(3)
7.6 Unregulated Contaminants
104(1)
7.7 Applications
104(3)
References
107(2)
Chapter 8 Water Monitoring and Analysis
109(20)
8.1 Introduction
109(1)
8.2 Selecting a Sampling Method
109(2)
8.3 Standard Practices for Sampling of Water
111(1)
8.4 Sampling Options for Water
111(4)
8.4.1 Grab Sampling
112(2)
8.4.2 Composite Sampling
114(1)
8.4.3 Continuous Sampling
114(1)
8.4.4 Groundwater Monitoring Wells
114(1)
8.5 Sample Documentation and Handling
115(3)
8.5.1 Sample Identification Number
115(1)
8.5.2 Sample Container Labels
116(1)
8.5.3 Chain-of-Custody Record
116(2)
8.5.4 Sample Packaging and Shipping
118(1)
8.6 Sample Containers and Preservation
118(1)
8.7 Analytical Methods
119(2)
8.8 Sampling Statistical Analysis
121(2)
8.8.1 Estimation of the Mean
121(1)
8.8.2 The Geometric Mean
122(1)
8.8.3 The Median and Mode
122(1)
8.8.4 Estimation of Variance
122(1)
8.9 Applications
123(3)
References
126(3)
Section II Water Resources
Chapter 9 Water Resources of the United States
129(18)
9.1 Introduction
129(1)
9.2 Surface Water
129(4)
9.3 Groundwater
133(3)
9.4 Quality of Water Resources
136(1)
9.5 Water Use and Sustainable Reuse Methods
137(6)
9.6 Applications
143(2)
References
145(2)
Chapter 10 Global Water Resources
147(18)
10.1 Introduction
147(1)
10.2 History of Global Water Resources
147(1)
10.3 Global Water Resources Today
148(4)
10.3.1 Usable Water Resources by Continent
149(1)
10.3.2 Usable Water Resources by Country
150(1)
10.3.3 Water Usage per Person by Country
150(2)
10.4 General Global Water Resource Issues
152(1)
10.5 Global Water Health Issues
153(3)
10.5.1 Vibrio cholera
153(2)
10.5.2 Pathogenic Escherichia coli
155(1)
10.5.3 Shigella
155(1)
10.5.4 Campylobacter jejuni
155(1)
10.5.5 Salmonella
155(1)
10.5.6 Cyanobacterial Toxins
155(1)
10.5.7 Giardia lamblia
155(1)
10.5.8 Cryptosporidium parvum
156(1)
10.5.9 Ascaris lumbricoides
156(1)
10.5.10 Viral Pathogens
156(1)
10.6 Illustrative Examples
156(4)
References
160(5)
Section III Water Treatment Technologies
Chapter 11 Drinking Water Treatment
165(24)
11.1 Introduction
165(1)
11.2 Conventional Drinking Water Treatment Systems
165(10)
11.2.1 Surface-Water Sources
167(4)
11.2.2 Groundwater Sources
171(3)
11.2.3 Disinfection
174(1)
11.3 Advanced Treatment Processes
175(3)
11.3.1 GAC
176(1)
11.3.2 AOPs
177(1)
11.4 Treatment Process By-Products
178(1)
11.5 Water Distribution Systems
179(3)
11.6 Applications
182(4)
References
186(3)
Chapter 12 Municipal Wastewater Treatment
189(22)
12.1 Introduction
189(1)
12.2 Overview of Wastewater Regulations
190(1)
12.3 Municipal Wastewater Characteristics
191(2)
12.4 Wastewater Plant Design Considerations
193(2)
12.5 Wastewater Treatment Options
195(4)
12.5.1 Preliminary Treatment
197(1)
12.5.2 Secondary Treatment
197(1)
12.5.3 Disinfection
198(1)
12.6 Overview of Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technologies
199(2)
12.6.1 Chemical Phosphorous Removal
199(1)
12.6.2 Nitrification
200(1)
12.6.3 Denitrification
200(1)
12.6.4 Biological Phosphorous Removal
201(1)
12.6.5 Ammonia Stripping
201(1)
12.7 Sludge Disposal Considerations
201(2)
12.8 Wastewater Reuse Options
203(2)
12.9 Applications
205(4)
References
209(2)
Chapter 13 Industrial Wastewater Treatment
211(22)
13.1 Introduction
211(1)
13.2 Sources and Characterization of Industrial Wastewater
211(2)
13.2.1 Types of Pollutants
211(2)
13.2.2 Characterization of Wastewater
213(1)
13.3 Determination of Wastewater Contaminants
213(2)
13.4 Industrial Wastewater Treatment Processes
215(6)
13.4.1 Physical Treatment Processes
215(2)
13.4.1.1 Clarification (Sedimentation)
215(1)
13.4.1.2 Flotation
216(1)
13.4.1.3 Oil-Water Separation
217(1)
13.4.2 Chemical Treatment Processes
217(1)
13.4.2.1 Coagulation-Flocculation-Sedimentation
217(1)
13.4.2.2 Neutralization
218(1)
13.4.3 Biological Treatment Processes
218(3)
13.4.3.1 Aerobic Suspended Growth Processes (Activated Sludge)
219(1)
13.4.3.2 Aerobic Attached Growth Processes
220(1)
13.4.3.3 Aerobic Lagoons (Stabilization Ponds or Oxidation Ponds)
220(1)
13.4.3.4 Anaerobic Lagoons
220(1)
13.5 Treated Effluent Management
221(1)
13.5.1 Water Reuse and In-Plant Wastewater Segregation
221(1)
13.5.2 Stormwater Management
222(1)
13.5.3 Effluent Disposal
222(1)
13.6 Solids Management
222(1)
13.7 Developments in Industrial Wastewater Treatment
223(1)
13.8 Applications
223(8)
References
231(2)
Chapter 14 Evaporation
233(10)
14.1 Introduction
233(1)
14.2 Classification of Vaporizing Equipment
233(1)
14.3 Describing Equations
234(1)
14.4 Multiple-Effects Evaporators
235(2)
14.5 Thermocompression
237(1)
14.6 Other Evaporator Units
237(1)
14.6.1 Power Plant Evaporators
237(1)
14.6.2 Chemical Process Evaporators
238(1)
14.6.3 Heat Transformer Evaporators
238(1)
14.6.4 Saltwater Distillers
238(1)
14.7 Desalination via Evaporation
238(1)
14.8 Applications
239(3)
References
242(1)
Chapter 15 Membrane Separation Processes
243(16)
15.1 Overview
243(1)
15.2 Membrane Processes
243(1)
15.3 Membrane Separation Principles
244(1)
15.4 Reverse Osmosis (RO)
245(6)
15.5 Ultrafiltration (UF)
251(2)
15.6 Microfiltration (MF)
253(1)
15.7 Gas Permeation
253(1)
15.8 Pervaporation and Electrodialysis
254(1)
15.9 Applications
255(2)
References
257(2)
Chapter 16 Crystallization
259(18)
16.1 Introduction
259(1)
16.2 Crystallization Operations
259(1)
16.3 The Crystallization Process
260(2)
16.4 Crystallization Equipment
262(2)
16.5 Describing Equations
264(1)
16.6 Design Considerations
265(1)
16.7 Applications
266(9)
References
275(2)
Chapter 17 Nanotechnology
277(14)
17.1 Introduction
277(1)
17.2 Early History
277(1)
17.3 Fundamentals and Basic Principles
278(2)
17.4 Nanomaterials
280(3)
17.4.1 High-Temperature Processes
281(1)
17.4.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
281(1)
17.4.3 Electrodeposition
282(1)
17.4.4 Sol-Gel Synthesis
282(1)
17.4.5 Mechanical Crushing via Ball Milling
282(1)
17.4.6 Naturally Occurring Materials
282(1)
17.5 Current Applications
283(1)
17.6 Environmental Concerns
283(1)
17.7 Applications
284(3)
References
287(4)
Section IV The Future
Chapter 18 New Options for Water Desalination
291(20)
18.1 Introduction
291(1)
18.2 Introduction to Desalination
291(2)
18.3 Traditional Seawater Desalination Processes
293(2)
18.3.1 Evaporation Processes
293(1)
18.3.2 Reverse Osmosis
294(1)
18.3.3 Crystallization Processes
294(1)
18.4 New Options for Water Desalination
295(11)
18.4.1 The GADUTH Solar Evaporation Process
295(1)
18.4.2 The GAniaris Crystallization Process (GACP)
296(1)
18.4.3 The GADUTH Greenhouse Solar Evaporator
297(1)
18.4.4 The Theodore Simple Still
298(1)
18.4.5 The GADUTH Dewdrop Process
298(2)
18.4.6 The Heat Conduit Evaporator (HCE) Process
300(2)
18.4.7 The Geothermal Evaporator (GEO) Process
302(1)
18.4.8 The GADUTH Freeze Desalination Process (FDP)
303(1)
18.4.9 The GADUTH Mangrove Process
304(1)
18.4.10 The Theodore HUMidification Process (THUMP)
304(1)
18.4.11 Reverse Osmosis and Crystallization Hybrid (ROACH) Desalination Process
304(2)
18.5 Future Prospects
306(1)
18.6 Conclusions
306(1)
18.7 Applications
307(2)
References
309(2)
Chapter 19 Terrorism Considerations
311(24)
19.1 Introduction
311(1)
19.2 The Need for Emergency Response Planning
312(1)
19.3 Utility Risk Assessment
313(4)
19.3.1 Characterization of Water System
314(1)
19.3.2 Identification and Prioritization of Consequences to Avoid
314(1)
19.3.3 Determination of Critical Assets at Risk
315(1)
19.3.4 Assessment of the Likelihood of Intentionally Disruptive Acts
315(1)
19.3.5 Evaluation of Existing Countermeasures
316(1)
19.3.6 Analysis of Current Risk and Prioritization for Risk Reduction
316(1)
19.4 The Planning Process
317(4)
19.4.1 System-Specific Information
317(1)
19.4.2 CWS Roles and Responsibilities
318(1)
19.4.3 Communication Procedures
318(1)
19.4.4 Personnel Safety
318(1)
19.4.5 Alternate Water Sources
319(1)
19.4.6 Replacement Equipment and Chemical Supplies
320(1)
19.4.7 Property Protection
320(1)
19.4.8 Water Sampling and Monitoring
320(1)
19.5 Training of Personnel
321(1)
19.6 ERP Activation
322(1)
19.6.1 Stage 1-Threat Possible?
322(1)
19.6.2 Stage 2-Threat Credible?
322(1)
19.6.3 Stage 3-Threat Confirmed?
322(1)
19.7 Emergency Communication
323(1)
19.7.1 Accept and Involve the Public as a Legitimate Partner
323(1)
19.7.2 Plan Carefully and Evaluate Communication Efforts
323(1)
19.7.3 Listen to the Public's Specific Concerns
323(1)
19.7.4 Be Honest, Frank, and Open
324(1)
19.7.5 Coordinate and Collaborate with Other Credible Sources
324(1)
19.7.6 Meet the Needs of the Media
324(1)
19.7.7 Speak Clearly and with Compassion
324(1)
19.8 The Emergency Recovery Process
324(2)
19.8.1 Long-Term Alternative Water Supply
325(1)
19.8.2 System Characterization and Feasibility Study
325(1)
19.8.3 Risk Assessment
325(1)
19.8.4 Remediation and Rehabilitation Alternatives
325(1)
19.8.5 Select Remediation Alternative
325(1)
19.8.6 Design Remedial Alternative
325(1)
19.8.7 Implement Remedial Alternative
326(1)
19.8.8 Post-Remediation Monitoring
326(1)
19.8.9 Communication with Public to Restore Confidence in CWS
326(1)
19.9 Applications
326(2)
References
328(2)
Appendix
330(5)
Chapter 20 The Pollution Prevention Approach
335(22)
20.1 Introduction
335(1)
20.2 The Shifting Waste Management Paradigm
335(1)
20.3 Regulations
336(1)
20.4 The EPA's Pollution Prevention Strategy
337(3)
20.5 Waste Management Hierarchy
340(2)
20.5.1 Source Reduction
341(1)
20.5.2 Recycling and Reuse
342(1)
20.6 Pollution Prevention Opportunity Assessments
342(2)
20.7 Pollution Prevention Incentives
344(1)
20.7.1 Economics Benefits
344(1)
20.7.2 Regulatory Compliance
344(1)
20.7.3 Reduction in Liability
345(1)
20.7.4 Enhanced Public Image
345(1)
20.8 Deterrents to Pollution Prevention
345(2)
20.8.1 Management Apathy
346(1)
20.8.2 Lack of Financial Commitment
346(1)
20.8.3 Production Concerns
346(1)
20.8.4 Research, Development, and Design Concerns
346(1)
20.8.5 Failure to Monitor Program Success
346(1)
20.8.6 Middle-Management Decisions
346(1)
20.8.7 Information Exchange within Organization
346(1)
20.8.8 Confusion Regarding Regulations
347(1)
20.8.9 Confusion about Economic Advantages
347(1)
20.8.10 Bureaucratic Resistance to Change
347(1)
20.8.11 Lack of Awareness of Pollution Prevention Advantages
347(1)
20.8.12 Failure to Apply Multimedia Approach
347(1)
20.9 Water Recycling and Reuse
347(2)
20.10 Applications
349(5)
References
354(3)
Chapter 21 Sustainability
357(12)
21.1 Introduction
357(1)
21.2 Historical Perspective
357(1)
21.3 Resource Limitations
358(2)
21.4 Sustainable Development Considerations
360(1)
21.5 Benchmarking Sustainability
361(2)
21.6 Resources for Sustainability
363(1)
21.7 Future Trends
363(1)
21.8 Applications
364(4)
References
368(1)
Chapter 22 The Role of Optimization
369(20)
22.1 Introduction
369(1)
22.2 Introduction to the Optimization Process
369(2)
22.3 The History of Optimization
371(1)
22.4 The Scope of Optimization
372(1)
22.5 General Analytical Formulation of the Optimum
373(2)
22.6 Applications
375(13)
References
388(1)
Chapter 23 Ethical Considerations
389(12)
23.1 Introduction
389(1)
23.2 The Ethics of Water Access
390(1)
23.3 Do's and Don'ts
390(1)
23.4 Integrity
391(1)
23.5 Moral Issues
392(1)
23.6 Guardianship
393(2)
23.7 Engineering and Environmental Ethics
395(1)
23.8 Future Trends
396(2)
23.9 Applications
398(2)
References
400(1)
Chapter 24 Future U.S. Water Security
401(8)
24.1 Introduction
401(1)
24.2 Water and Sustainable Development
401(1)
24.3 Water Conservation and Pollution Prevention
402(1)
24.4 Federal Initiatives for Water Infrastructure Resiliency and Sustainability
403(3)
24.5 Applications
406(2)
References
408(1)
Appendix A 409(2)
Appendix B 411(4)
Index 415
Raised in Hells Kitchen, Lou Theodore received the degrees of M.Ch.E and Eng.Sc.D from New York University and B.Ch.E. from The Cooper Union. Over the past 50 years, Dr. Theodore has been a successful educator at Manhattan College (holding the rank of Full Professor of Chemical Engineering), Graduate Program Director, researcher, professional innovator, and technical communicator. During this period, he was primarily responsible for his program achieving a No. 2 ranking by the US News & World Report, and particularly successful in placing students in internships, jobs, and graduate schools.

Dr. Theodore is an internationally recognized lecturer who has provided more than 200 courses to industry, government and technical associations. Dr. Theodore developed and served as the principal moderator/lecturer for US EPA courses on hazardous waste incineration and air pollution control equipment, consulted for several industrial companies in the field of pollution prevention and environmental management, and served as a consultant/expert witness for the US EPA and US Department of Justice.

Dr. Theodore is the author of more than 90 text/reference books ranging from Pollution Prevention to Air Pollution Control to Hazardous Waste Incineration and Engineering and Environmental Ethics.

Dr. Theodore is the recipient of the Air and Waste Management Association's (AWMA) prestigious Ripperton award that is "presented to an outstanding educator who through example, dedication and innovation has so inspired students to achieve excellence in their professional endeavors." He was also the recipient of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) AT&T Foundation award for "excellence in the instruction of engineering students."

He currently serves as a part-time consultant to Theodore Tutorials. Dr. Theodore is a member of Phi Lambda Upsilon, Sigma Xi, Tau Beta Pi, American Chemical Society, American Society of Engineering Education, Royal Hellenic Society, and a Fellow of the Air & Waste Management Association.

Dr. Dupont has more than 35 years of experience teaching and conducting applied and basic research in environmental engineering at the Utah Water Research Laboratory at Utah State University. His main research areas have addressed soil and groundwater bioremediation, stormwater management via green infrastructure, field remediation technology demonstration and treatment system performance verification, and water reuse technology performance and risks. He received a BS degree in Civil Engineering, and MS and PhD degrees in Environmental Health Engineering from the University of Kansas, Lawrence. Dr. Dupont has been a Full Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at USU since 1995, served as the Head of the Environmental Engineering Division for 10 years, was instrumental in establishing an Undergraduate Degree in Environmental Engineering at USU, and has been responsible for attracting more than $6 million in extramural funding through the Water Research Lab since joining the faculty in 1982. Dr. Dupont is a member of Sigma Xi, Tau Beta Pi, Chi Epsilon, the American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Society of Engineering Educators, the Water Environment Federation, the Solid Waste Association of North America, Engineers without Borders, and the Air and Waste Management Association. Dr. Dupont was recognized as an Outstanding Young Engineering Educator by the American Society of Engineering Education, and was a 2015 recipient of the Richard I. Stessel Waste Management Award, for "distinguished achievement as an educator in the field of waste management" from the Air and Waste Management Association.
Daugiau apie elektronines knygas Daugiau apie elektronines knygas
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/97804295921402e.html
Raktažodžiai: