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xv | |
Waves, Particles, and Storms in Geospace: An Introduction |
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1 | (14) |
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Geospace storms and radiation belt dynamics |
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2 | (1) |
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A new era of radiation belt research |
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3 | (1) |
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Wave-particle interactions and their impacts on the radiation belts |
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4 | (3) |
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Coupling between the radiation belts and the neutral atmosphere: potential impact on climate |
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7 | (1) |
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Space plasma physics in the heliosphere |
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8 | (1) |
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Applied heliophysics research: space weather |
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9 | (1) |
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Conclusions and future perspective |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (4) |
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1 Wave and Particle Measurements in Earth's Neighborhood: A Historical Mission Overview |
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15 | (20) |
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16 | (1) |
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1.2 1950s: A new dawn---The "Space Age" |
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16 | (2) |
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1.3 1960s: Our place in space---morphology and plasma domains |
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18 | (2) |
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1.4 1970s: System dynamics---storms and substorms |
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20 | (3) |
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1.5 1980s: Universal processes---reconnection and acceleration |
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23 | (3) |
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1.6 1990s: Follow the energy---solar-terrestrial coupling |
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26 | (2) |
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1.7 2000s: Multiscale phenomena---the telescope-microscope duality |
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28 | (2) |
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1.8 2010s: The Sun-Earth system---space weather and beyond |
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30 | (5) |
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32 | (3) |
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2 Introduction to Wave-Particle Interactions and their Impact on Energetic Particles in Geospace |
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35 | (16) |
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36 | (1) |
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2.2 Impact of wave-particle interaction on electron acceleration and loss |
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36 | (2) |
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2.3 General observational approach to wave-particle interactions |
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38 | (1) |
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2.4 Experimental resources |
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39 | (3) |
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2.5 Example of observational studies of waves and particles |
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42 | (4) |
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2.5.1 ULF wave-particle interaction |
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42 | (1) |
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2.5.2 Two-spacecraft measurements of wave propagation |
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43 | (1) |
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2.5.3 Ground-satellite observation of EMIC waves, aurora, and particle precipitation |
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44 | (2) |
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2.5.4 Nonlinear wave-particle interactions |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (5) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (4) |
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3 Geospace Magnetic Storms and the Van Allen Radiation Belts |
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51 | (29) |
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52 | (1) |
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3.2 Electron motion in Earth's radiation belts |
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53 | (2) |
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3.3 Effects of geospace magnetic storms on the radiation belts |
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55 | (6) |
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3.4 Local acceleration and radial diffusion |
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61 | (5) |
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3.5 Phase space density gradients |
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66 | (3) |
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3.6 Studies with the Van Allen Probes: insights into the effects of wave-particle interactions and the ring current influence |
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69 | (3) |
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72 | (8) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (7) |
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4 The Role of Pc-5 ULF Waves in the Radiation Belts: Current Understanding and Open Questions |
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80 | (22) |
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4.1 The role of Pc-5 waves in the radiation belts |
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80 | (3) |
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4.2 Questions: Quantitative determination of transport rates |
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83 | (12) |
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4.2.1 What is the power spectrum as a function of frequency? |
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83 | (2) |
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4.2.2 What is the radial profile of the ULF activity? |
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85 | (2) |
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4.2.3 What is the azimuthal mode structure? |
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87 | (4) |
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4.2.4 What is the azimuthal extent? |
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91 | (1) |
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4.2.5 What is the propagation direction? |
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92 | (2) |
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4.2.6 What is the origin of the waves? |
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94 | (1) |
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4.3 Conclusions and future possibilities |
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95 | (7) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (5) |
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5 Modeling the Energetic Particles of the Inner Magnetosphere |
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102 | (46) |
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103 | (5) |
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5.1.1 Trapped particle transport theory |
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104 | (4) |
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5.2 Modeling ring current particles |
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108 | (12) |
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5.2.1 Kinetic ring current models |
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110 | (5) |
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5.2.2 Self-consistent models |
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115 | (5) |
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5.3 Modeling radiation belt particles |
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120 | (28) |
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120 | (6) |
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5.3.2 Radiation specification models |
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126 | (12) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (9) |
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6 Monitoring ULF Waves from Low Earth Orbit Satellites |
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148 | (22) |
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Constantinos Papadimitriou |
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149 | (1) |
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6.2 Methods and techniques |
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150 | (3) |
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6.3 Studies of ULF wave observations from LEO |
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153 | (7) |
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6.3.1 Pc1 wave observations |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Pc3 wave observations |
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155 | (3) |
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6.3.4 Pi2 wave observations |
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158 | (1) |
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6.3.5 Doppler effect on LEO observations |
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158 | (2) |
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6.4 Modeling the relationship between the ULF compressional disturbance above the ionosphere and ground signal |
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160 | (3) |
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6.5 Discussion: prospects of further studies |
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163 | (7) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (4) |
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7 Monitoring Magnetospheric Waves from the Ground |
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170 | (22) |
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7.1 Overview of instrumentation and techniques |
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171 | (3) |
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7.2 Remote sensing geospace using data from ground magnetometer arrays |
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174 | (2) |
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7.2.1 Data analysis techniques |
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174 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Remote sensing plasma mass density in space |
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175 | (1) |
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7.3 Space weather applications |
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176 | (10) |
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7.3.1 Remote sensing Pc5 electric fields |
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176 | (2) |
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7.3.2 Latitude and local time dependence of Pc5 power |
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178 | (1) |
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7.3.3 Storm-time Pc5 activity and indices |
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179 | (2) |
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7.3.4 ULF Waves in the ionosphere |
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181 | (2) |
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7.3.5 Favoured frequencies in the Pc5 band |
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183 | (1) |
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7.3.6 Pc3 waves and indices |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (6) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (5) |
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8 Chorus Waves in Geospace and their Influence on Radiation Belt Dynamics |
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192 | (25) |
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193 | (1) |
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8.2 Characteristics of chorus waves |
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194 | (3) |
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8.3 Introduction to resonant wave particle interactions |
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197 | (4) |
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201 | (11) |
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8.4.1 Quasi-linear diffusion |
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204 | (2) |
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8.4.2 Nonlinear wave-particle interactions |
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206 | (6) |
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8.5 Summary and conclusions |
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212 | (5) |
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212 | (5) |
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9 Wave-Driven Diffusion in Radiation Belt Dynamics |
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217 | (27) |
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218 | (3) |
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9.2 Magnetospheric plasma waves |
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221 | (8) |
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222 | (3) |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (7) |
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230 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Comparison with data |
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231 | (5) |
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9.4 Discussion and conclusions |
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236 | (8) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (6) |
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10 Understanding the Role of EMIC Waves in Radiation Belt and Ring Current Dynamics: Recent Advances |
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244 | (33) |
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245 | (2) |
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10.2 EMIC wave excitation in the inner magnetosphere |
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247 | (13) |
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10.2.1 Physical generation mechanisms for compression-related EMIC waves |
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248 | (5) |
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10.2.2 Effect of solar wind dynamic pressure and enhanced cold plasma density on EMIC wave generation |
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253 | (4) |
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10.2.3 Radial and MET extent of EMIC waves |
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257 | (3) |
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10.3 Role of EMIC waves in energetic particle loss |
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260 | (9) |
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10.3.1 Role in ion precipitation into the atmosphere |
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262 | (3) |
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10.3.2 Role in radiation belt electron precipitation |
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265 | (4) |
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10.4 Discussion and conclusions |
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269 | (8) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (6) |
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11 Multi-dimensional Analysis of Whistler-mode Waves in the Radiation Belt Region |
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277 | (19) |
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278 | (1) |
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278 | (7) |
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11.2.1 Plane wave techniques |
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278 | (4) |
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11.2.2 Wave distribution function |
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282 | (2) |
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11.2.3 Instantaneous amplitude, phase, frequency, and wave vector direction |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (7) |
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11.3.1 Plane wave techniques and wave distribution function methods for onboard-analyzed spectral data from the Cluster spacecraft |
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285 | (4) |
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11.3.2 Example of waveform measurements from the Van Allen Probes EMFISIS instrument: plane wave techniques and instantaneous wave parameters |
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289 | (3) |
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292 | (4) |
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293 | (1) |
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293 | (3) |
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12 Extreme Variability of Relativistic Electrons in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt: An Overview and Recent Revelations |
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296 | (37) |
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297 | (2) |
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12.2 Physical processes that can drive extreme outer belt variability |
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299 | (11) |
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300 | (4) |
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304 | (3) |
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307 | (3) |
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12.3 Recent multipoint observational examples of extreme outer belt variability |
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310 | (12) |
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12.3.1 Outer belt enhancements |
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310 | (7) |
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12.3.2 Outer belt depletions |
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317 | (3) |
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12.3.3 Complex outer belt structures: remnant belts |
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320 | (2) |
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12.4 Outstanding questions and topics for future work |
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322 | (3) |
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12.4.1 Concerning sources |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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12.4.3 Concerning transport |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (8) |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (7) |
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13 Flux Enhancement of Relativistic Electrons Associated with Substorms |
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333 | (21) |
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334 | (1) |
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13.2 Solar wind parameter dependence |
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334 | (5) |
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13.3 Physics behind the solar wind parameter dependence |
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339 | (7) |
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13.4 Role of continuous substorm activities in the cross-energy coupling process |
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346 | (3) |
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349 | (5) |
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349 | (1) |
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350 | (4) |
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14 Linkages Between the Radiation Belts, Polar Atmosphere and Climate: Electron Precipitation Through Wave Particle Interactions |
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354 | (23) |
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355 | (1) |
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14.2 Overview of coupling process |
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356 | (2) |
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14.3 Waves driving precipitation |
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358 | (2) |
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14.4 Variations in precipitation |
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360 | (2) |
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14.5 Atmospheric impact of electron precipitation |
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362 | (7) |
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363 | (2) |
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365 | (4) |
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14.6 Linkages to polar surface climate |
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369 | (8) |
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14.6.1 Influence on polar climate |
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370 | (3) |
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14.6.2 Possible significance to regional weather variability |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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374 | (3) |
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15 Energetic Particles and Waves in the Outer Planet Radiation Belts |
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377 | (34) |
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377 | (3) |
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380 | (15) |
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380 | (6) |
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386 | (3) |
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15.2.3 Modelling of charged particles in the Jovian and Kronian radiation belts |
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389 | (6) |
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395 | (7) |
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15.3.1 Jupiter observations |
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395 | (1) |
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15.3.2 Saturn observations |
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396 | (3) |
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15.3.3 Modelling wave-particle interaction |
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399 | (3) |
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15.4 Future missions to the outer planets |
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402 | (9) |
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403 | (1) |
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403 | (8) |
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16 Fields and Waves Influencing Radiation Belt Dynamics---Results from the Van Allen Probes Mission |
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411 | (14) |
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411 | (2) |
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413 | (1) |
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16.3 Van Allen Probes mission goals |
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413 | (1) |
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414 | (4) |
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414 | (3) |
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16.4.2 Plasmaspheric hiss |
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417 | (1) |
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418 | (4) |
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418 | (2) |
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420 | (1) |
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421 | (1) |
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16.6 Global electric and magnetic fields |
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422 | (1) |
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422 | (3) |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (2) |
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17 An Overview of Early Results from the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma Suite on NASA's Van Allen Probes Mission |
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425 | (18) |
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17.1 Introduction to mission science |
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426 | (1) |
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427 | (1) |
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17.3 Representative examples of early mission science |
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428 | (11) |
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17.3.1 Understanding the characteristics and sources of the electron radiation belt |
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429 | (5) |
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17.3.2 Understanding the specific physical candidate processes which lead to radiation belt dynamics |
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434 | (2) |
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17.3.3 Understanding the VLF, ELF, and ULF wave effects that control dynamics |
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436 | (3) |
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439 | (4) |
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440 | (1) |
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440 | (3) |
Index |
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443 | |