| Preface |
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vii | |
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Introduction to Fire Danger Rating and Remote Sensing --- Will Remote Sensing Enhance Wildland Fire Danger Rating? |
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1 | (20) |
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Wildland Fire --- A Multifaceted Process |
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2 | (1) |
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Wildland Fire --- The `Ideal Ingredient' for Risk Management and Sustainable, Long-Term Landscape Management |
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3 | (3) |
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Temporal and Spatial Scales in Fire Danger Rating |
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6 | (1) |
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Concepts Behind Fire Danger Rating |
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7 | (7) |
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What Do Remote Sensing and GIS Offer to Fire Danger Rating Systems? --- Expectations and Limits |
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14 | (7) |
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Current Methods to Assess Fire Danger Potential |
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21 | (42) |
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22 | (2) |
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A European Perspective for the Evaluation of Fire Risk |
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24 | (11) |
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Long-Term Fire Risk Indices |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Vulnerability Index (Likely Damage Index) |
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26 | (1) |
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Short-Term or Dynamic Fire Risk Indices |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (2) |
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Vegetation Stress Indices |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (4) |
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Fire Danger Rating in the USA |
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35 | (6) |
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Fire Danger Rating Systems in Australia |
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41 | (9) |
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41 | (3) |
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Strengths and Weaknesses of the McArthur Fire Danger Rating System |
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44 | (1) |
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Fine Fuel Availability Sub-Model |
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44 | (3) |
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Surface Fine Fuel Moisture |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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Difficulty of Suppression |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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The Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System (CFFDRS) |
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50 | (7) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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The CFFDRS's FWI Subsystem |
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51 | (2) |
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The CFFDRS's FBP Subsystem |
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53 | (1) |
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Performance of the CFFDRS |
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53 | (1) |
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Training courses and Computer Software |
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54 | (1) |
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Spatially Displaying CFFDRS Outputs |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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Use of the CFFDRS Outside of Canada |
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56 | (1) |
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The New Zealand Fire Danger |
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57 | (6) |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (3) |
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Estimation of Live Fuel Moisture Content |
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63 | (28) |
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64 | (1) |
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Field Sampling, Standard Fuels and Meteorological Indices |
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65 | (7) |
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65 | (3) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (3) |
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72 | (17) |
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72 | (9) |
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Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing |
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81 | (3) |
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Synergisms between Optical and Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (4) |
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89 | (2) |
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Methods Used to Estimate Moisture Content of Dead Wildland Fuels |
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91 | (28) |
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92 | (1) |
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Moisture Content and Loads of Dead Fuels |
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93 | (3) |
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Dead Fuel Moisture Content Variation in Time and Space |
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96 | (3) |
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Estimation of Dead Fuel Moisture Content: Direct Estimation and Models |
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99 | (3) |
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The Role of Remote Sensing Data in Dead Fuel Moisture Assessment |
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102 | (17) |
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105 | (3) |
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Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing |
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108 | (2) |
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Synergisms between Optical and Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing |
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110 | (3) |
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113 | (6) |
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Fuel Loads and Fuel Type Mapping |
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119 | (24) |
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Relevant Properties of Fuels for Fire Danger Estimation and Fire Propagation Studies |
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120 | (4) |
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120 | (2) |
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122 | (2) |
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Fuel Types and Fuel Models |
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124 | (4) |
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Methods to Map Fuel Types |
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128 | (15) |
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128 | (1) |
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Aerial Photointerpretation |
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129 | (1) |
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Satellite Remote Sensing Methods |
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130 | (1) |
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Multispectral and Hyperspectral Data |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (7) |
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141 | (2) |
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The Human Factor in Fire Danger Assessment |
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143 | (54) |
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Fire as a Complex Phenomenon |
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144 | (2) |
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Predisposing and Determining Factors |
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146 | (1) |
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Geography of Causes and Their Distribution |
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147 | (3) |
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Genesis of Human-Caused Fires |
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150 | (11) |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (3) |
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Accidents, Negligence and Arson |
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156 | (1) |
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Conflicts in the Rural Interface |
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156 | (2) |
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Conflicts in the Urban Interface |
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158 | (1) |
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Conflicts Not Directly Related to the Use of Land |
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159 | (2) |
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Main Variables Related to Fire Occurrence |
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161 | (13) |
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Fire Occurrence Variables |
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163 | (3) |
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Human Variables of Fire Risk/Danger |
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166 | (1) |
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Factors in Relation to Socio-Economic Transformations |
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167 | (2) |
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Factors Related to Traditional Economic Activities in Rural Areas |
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169 | (1) |
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Factors which Could Cause Fires Mainly by Accident or Negligence |
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170 | (1) |
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Factors which Could Hamper Fires |
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171 | (1) |
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Factors that Generate Conflicts, and at Same Time Could Lead to the Intentional Start of a Fire and/or Facilitate Its Propagation |
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172 | (2) |
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The Effect of Landscape Patterns on Fire Danger Assessment |
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174 | (5) |
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Methods to Study Fire Occurrence Patterns |
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179 | (15) |
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Multivariate Statistical Analysis Methods --- Logistic Regression Modeling |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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Nearest Neighbour Distances |
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183 | (2) |
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185 | (1) |
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Identification of Spatial and Temporal Structures |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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The Kernel Density Estimation Approach |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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Defining Fire Occurrence Patterns by the Kernel Approach: An Example |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (2) |
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194 | (3) |
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Integration of Physical and Human Factors in Fire Danger Assessment |
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197 | (22) |
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Fire Risk and Fire Danger: Operational Definitions |
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198 | (1) |
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Theoretical Framework for Wildland Fire Risk Assessment |
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199 | (6) |
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Temporal and Spatial Scales in Fire Danger Mapping |
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205 | (1) |
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Review of Fire Danger Mapping Studies |
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206 | (3) |
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Short-Term Indices in Fire Danger Rating |
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207 | (1) |
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Long-Term Indices in Fire Danger Rating |
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207 | (2) |
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Methods for Data Integration |
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209 | (8) |
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209 | (1) |
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Quantitative Indices Based on Expert Knowledge |
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210 | (2) |
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212 | (1) |
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Artificial Neural Networks |
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213 | (3) |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (2) |
| References |
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219 | (44) |
| Index |
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263 | |
