Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
1 Introduction: The Global Imperative |
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1 | (33) |
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1.1 The Global Imperative |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Energy and the Global Imperative |
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3 | (3) |
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1.3 Electricity and the Global Imperative |
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6 | (12) |
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1.3.1 Electricity Generation Technologies |
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6 | (2) |
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1.3.2 The Dynamics of Electricity Prices |
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8 | (10) |
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1.4 Energy Market Change and Industrialized Nations |
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18 | (3) |
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1.4.1 Convergence and Alternative Energy |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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1.5 Energy Market Change and Developing Nations |
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21 | (3) |
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1.5.1 Economic Considerations |
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21 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Economic Security Considerations |
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22 | (1) |
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1.5.3 Economic Empowerment |
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22 | (1) |
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1.5.4 Social Considerations |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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1.6 When Forces for Speed Meet the Need For Speed |
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24 | (1) |
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1.7 The Dichotomy of Alternative Energy |
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25 | (2) |
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1.8 Objectives and Outline of This Book |
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27 | (7) |
2 Understanding Wind Power Systems |
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34 | (29) |
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2.1 The Importance of Understanding Wind Power Systems |
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34 | (1) |
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2.2 Features of Wind Power Systems |
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35 | (4) |
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2.2.1 Main Components of a Wind System |
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35 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Innovation and Cost |
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37 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Delivering Wind Power to the Grid |
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39 | (1) |
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2.3 Wind Power Management Challenges |
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39 | (3) |
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2.3.1 The Challenge of Matching Supply and Demand |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (2) |
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2.4 Environmental Concerns and Realities |
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42 | (1) |
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2.5 Impairment of Existing Community Endowments |
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43 | (5) |
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2.5.1 Separating Perception from Fact |
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43 | (1) |
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2.5.2 Perceptions Improve |
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44 | (1) |
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2.5.3 Aesthetic Concerns Overshadow All Others |
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44 | (1) |
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2.5.4 Beyond NIMBY Opposition |
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45 | (2) |
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2.5.5 Overall Lessons in Regard to Community Opposition |
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47 | (1) |
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2.5.6 Government Agency Opposition |
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48 | (1) |
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2.6 Impairment of Existing Ecosystems |
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48 | (7) |
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49 | (1) |
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2.6.2 The Challenge of Estimating Bird Mortality |
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50 | (1) |
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2.6.3 Degradation of Animal Habitat |
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51 | (2) |
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2.6.4 Offshore Wind Farms and Ecological Concerns |
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53 | (1) |
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2.6.5 The Importance of Environmental Impact Assessments |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (8) |
3 The Policy SET Model |
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63 | (17) |
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3.1 The Value of a Common Analytical Framework |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (3) |
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3.3 Complex Adaptive Market Theory in Wind Power Market Analysis |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (4) |
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3.5 The Political SET Model |
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71 | (3) |
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3.6 The Political SET Model and the Case Studies |
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74 | (1) |
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3.7 Tying Theory to the Political SET Model |
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75 | (5) |
4 Wind Power in Denmark |
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80 | (45) |
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80 | (1) |
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4.2 An Overview of Electricity Generation in Denmark |
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81 | (3) |
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4.3 History of Wind Power Development in Denmark |
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84 | (19) |
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4.4 Understanding the General Forces for Change |
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103 | (3) |
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4.4.1 Sociocultural Landscape |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Technological Landscape |
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105 | (1) |
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4.5 Influences on Government Policy |
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106 | (3) |
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4.5.1 Sociocultural -4 Political |
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106 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Economic -+ Political |
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107 | (1) |
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4.5.3 Technological -k Political |
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108 | (1) |
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4.6 Political Influences on Policy |
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109 | (3) |
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4.6.1 National Political Structure |
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109 | (1) |
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4.6.2 Governing Party Ideology |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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4.7 The Culmination of Influences |
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112 | (2) |
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4.8 What to Expect Going Forward |
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114 | (11) |
5 Wind Power in Germany |
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125 | (40) |
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125 | (1) |
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5.2 An Overview of Electricity Generation in Germany |
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126 | (4) |
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5.3 History of Wind Power Development in Germany |
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130 | (10) |
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5.4 Understanding the General Forces for Change |
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140 | (4) |
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5.4.1 Sociocultural Landscape |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (2) |
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5.4.3 Technological Landscape |
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143 | (1) |
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5.5 Influences on Government Policy |
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144 | (3) |
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5.5.1 Sociocultural -> Political |
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144 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Economic -> Political |
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145 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Technological -> Political |
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146 | (1) |
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5.6 Political Influences on Policy |
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147 | (4) |
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5.6.1 National Political Structure |
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147 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Governing Party Ideology |
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148 | (2) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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5.7 The Culmination of Influences |
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151 | (3) |
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5.8 What to Expect Going Forward |
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154 | (11) |
6 Wind Power in China |
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165 | (36) |
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165 | (1) |
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6.2 An Overview of Electricity Generation in China |
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166 | (7) |
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6.3 History of Wind Power Development in China |
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173 | (4) |
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6.4 Understanding the General Forces for Change |
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177 | (2) |
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6.4.1 Sociocultural Landscape |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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6.4.3 Technological Landscape |
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178 | (1) |
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6.5 Influences on Government Policy |
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179 | (7) |
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6.5.1 Sociocultural -> Political |
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179 | (2) |
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6.5.2 Economic -> Political |
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181 | (2) |
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6.5.3 Technological -> Political |
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183 | (3) |
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6.6 Political Influences on Policy |
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186 | (5) |
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6.6.1 National Political Structure |
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186 | (2) |
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6.6.2 Governing Party Ideology |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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6.7 The Culmination of Influences |
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191 | (2) |
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6.8 What to Expect Going Forward |
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193 | (8) |
7 Wind Power in the United States |
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201 | (40) |
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201 | (2) |
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7.2 An Overview of Electricity Generation in the United States |
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203 | (5) |
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7.3 History of Wind Power Development in the United States |
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208 | (8) |
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7.4 Understanding the General Forces for Change |
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216 | (5) |
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7.4.1 Sociocultural Landscape |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (1) |
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7.4.3 Technological Landscape |
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219 | (2) |
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7.5 Influences on Government Policy |
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221 | (3) |
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7.5.1 Sociocultural -> Political |
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221 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Economic -> Political |
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222 | (1) |
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7.5.3 Technological -> Political |
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223 | (1) |
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7.6 Political Influences on Policy |
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224 | (7) |
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7.6.1 National Political Structure |
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224 | (2) |
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7.6.2 Governing Party Ideology |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (2) |
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229 | (2) |
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7.7 The Culmination of Influences |
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231 | (3) |
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7.8 What to Expect Going Forward |
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234 | (7) |
8 Wind Power in Canada |
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241 | (32) |
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241 | (4) |
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8.2 An Overview of Electricity Generation in Canada |
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245 | (4) |
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8.3 History of Wind Power Development in Canada |
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249 | (4) |
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8.4 Understanding the General Forces for Change |
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253 | (3) |
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8.4.1 Sociocultural Landscape |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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8.4.3 Technological Landscape |
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255 | (1) |
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8.5 Influences on Government Policy |
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256 | (5) |
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8.5.1 Sociocultural -> Political |
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256 | (2) |
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8.5.2 Economic -> Political |
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258 | (1) |
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8.5.3 Technological -> Political |
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259 | (2) |
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8.6 Political Influences on Policy |
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261 | (5) |
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8.6.1 National Political Structure |
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261 | (2) |
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8.6.2 Governing Party Ideology |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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8.7 The Culmination of Influences |
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266 | (2) |
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8.8 What to Expect Going Forward |
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268 | (5) |
9 Wind Power in Japan |
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273 | (34) |
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273 | (4) |
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9.2 An Overview of Electricity Generation in Japan |
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277 | (5) |
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9.3 History of Wind Power Development in Japan |
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282 | (4) |
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9.4 Understanding the General Forces for Change |
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286 | (5) |
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9.4.1 Sociocultural Landscape |
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286 | (2) |
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288 | (2) |
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9.4.3 Technological Landscape |
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290 | (1) |
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9.5 Influences on Government Policy |
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291 | (3) |
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9.5.1 Sociocultural -> Political |
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291 | (1) |
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9.5.2 Economic -> Political |
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292 | (1) |
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9.5.3 Technological -> Political |
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293 | (1) |
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9.6 Political Influences on Policy |
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294 | (3) |
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9.6.1 National Political Structure |
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294 | (1) |
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9.6.2 Governing Party Ideology |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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9.7 The Culmination of Influences |
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297 | (2) |
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9.8 What to Expect Going Forward |
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299 | (8) |
10 Strategic Control Over Wind Power Development Policy |
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307 | (34) |
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307 | (1) |
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10.2 Influential Social Factors |
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308 | (8) |
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10.2.1 Social Factor 1: Community Perspectives |
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308 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Social Factor 2: Information Asymmetry |
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309 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Social Factor 3: Civic Activism |
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310 | (1) |
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10.2.4 Social Factor 4: Habitat Patterns |
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311 | (1) |
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10.2.5 Social Factor 5: Affluence |
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311 | (1) |
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10.2.6 Social Factor 6: Uncertainty and Change |
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312 | (2) |
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10.2.7 Social Factor 7: Vocational Influences |
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314 | (1) |
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10.2.8 Social Factor 8: Agricultural Sector Structure |
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315 | (1) |
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10.2.9 Social Factor 9: Environmental Impact of Energy Mix |
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315 | (1) |
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10.3 Influential Technological Factors |
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316 | (6) |
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10.3.1 Technological Factor 1: Grid Resilience |
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316 | (2) |
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10.3.2 Technological Factor 2: Energy Mix |
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318 | (1) |
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10.3.3 Technological Factor 3: Technological Regimes |
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318 | (1) |
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10.3.4 Technological Factor 4: Distance to the Grid |
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319 | (1) |
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10.3.5 Technological Factor 5: Nationwide Potential |
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320 | (1) |
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10.3.6 Technological Factor 6: Electricity Sector Structure |
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320 | (1) |
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10.3.7 Technological Factor 7: Technological Network Links |
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321 | (1) |
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10.4 Influential Economic Factors |
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322 | (7) |
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10.4.1 Economic Factor 1: Internalization of Externalities |
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323 | (1) |
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10.4.2 Economic Factor 2: Subsidies to Energy Technologies |
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324 | (1) |
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10.4.3 Economic Factor 3: Entrenched Investments |
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324 | (2) |
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10.4.4 Economic Factor 4: Competitive Health of Firms in the Energy Sector |
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326 | (1) |
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10.4.5 Economic Factor 5: Community Economic Benefits |
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327 | (1) |
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10.4.6 Economic Factor 6: National Industry Composition |
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328 | (1) |
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10.4.7 Economic Factor 7: Economic Growth Rate |
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328 | (1) |
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10.5 Influential Political Factors |
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329 | (9) |
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10.5.1 Political Factor 1: Political Ideologies |
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330 | (1) |
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10.5.2 Political Factor 2: Lobbyist Environment |
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330 | (1) |
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10.5.3 Political Factor 3: Fiscal Health |
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331 | (1) |
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10.5.4 Political Factor 4: Nationalization of Utilities |
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332 | (1) |
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10.5.5 Political Factor 5: National Interests and International Pressures |
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333 | (1) |
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10.5.6 Political Factor 6: Historic Trends in Public Energy R&D |
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334 | (2) |
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10.5.7 Political Factor 7: Inclusiveness of the Energy Policy Process |
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336 | (1) |
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10.5.8 Political Factor 8: Central and Subnational Government Coordination |
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336 | (1) |
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10.5.9 Political Factor 9: Perceived Risk to National Security |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (3) |
11 Applied Policymaking |
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341 | (20) |
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341 | (3) |
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11.2 Understanding System Dynamics |
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344 | (5) |
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11.2.1 Economics Is Still King |
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345 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Chain Reactions Can Be Partially Managed |
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346 | (1) |
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11.2.3 Favorable Conditions Still Need To Be Managed |
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346 | (1) |
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11.2.4 First Mover Advantages Exist |
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347 | (1) |
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11.2.5 Public Opposition Trumps Economic Impediments At High Levels Of Installed Capacity |
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348 | (1) |
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11.3 Policy Implementation and Monitoring Essentials |
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349 | (6) |
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350 | (2) |
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11.3.2 Transparency and Broad Participation |
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352 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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11.3.4 Evolutionary Mindset |
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353 | (2) |
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11.4 Avenues of Further Research and Conclusion |
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355 | (6) |
Index |
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361 | |