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El. knyga: Wind Power Politics and Policy

(Assistant Professor, International Master of Public Policy Program, University of Tokyo)
  • Formatas: 400 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 30-Oct-2014
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780199862733
  • Formatas: 400 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 30-Oct-2014
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780199862733

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The wind power development policy community faces a conundrum. On the one hand, as the most commercially viable form of utility-scale renewable energy, the wind power industry has experienced in excess of ten-fold growth in total installed capacity over the past decade. On the other hand, installed wind power capacity still accounts for less than 2% of global electricity-generation capacity, despite the prevalence of studies indicating that, in certain situations, wind power can be a cheaper form of electricity than most fossil fuel alternatives. Accordingly, the most puzzling aspect of wind power development policy can be summed up in the following manner: given the global imperative to facilitate an expedient transition away from CO2-intensive energy technologies and the commercial viability of wind power, what is stopping the wind power industry from capturing higher market shares around the world?
In Wind Power Politics and Policy, Scott Valentine examines this question from two angles. First, it presents an analysis of social, technical, economic and political (STEP) barriers which research shows tends to stymie wind power development. Case studies which examine phlegmatic wind power development in Japan, Taiwan, Australia and Canada are presented in order to demonstrate to the reader how these barriers manifest themselves in practice. Second, the book presents an analysis of STEP catalysts which have been linked to successful growth of wind power capacity in select nations. Four more case studies that examine the successful development of wind power in Denmark, Germany, the USA and China are put forth as practical examples of how supportive factors conflate to produce conditions that are conducive to growth of wind power markets. By examining its impediments and catalysts, the book will provide policymakers with insight into the types of factors that must be effectively managed in order to maximize wind power development.

Recenzijos

If you must choose only one book to help understand the dynamics and potential of wind power in the contemporary energy mix, this is it. Valentine provides a succinct overview of the technologies and issues facing the sector and detailed cases studies of countries such as Germany, Denmark Canada, Japan, China and the United States which show the factors and variables which have resulted in some of these countries being world leaders in wind power and others laggards. This is a first class work, engaging and readable yet detailed and sophisticated in its approach and findings * Professor Michael Howlett, Simon Fraser University, Author of Designing Public Policy: Principles and Instruments * Climate change can no longer be denied. Humanity has to act quickly and decisively to deal with it and mitigate its impact. We have to give up our addiction to fossil fuel and find alternative power sources. Surprisingly, little attention has been paid to wind power as a viable alternative. Scott Valentine's book therefore could not be more timely and more relevant for a planet in peril. He explains lucidly how wind power can give us new hope * Professor Kishore Mahbubani, National University of Singapore, former President of the UN Security Council, Author of The Great Convergence: Asia, the West, and the Logic of One World * As the climate change crisis makes clear, the transition to clean energy is the challenge of this century. An important component of a renewal energy mix will be wind power. But there is nothing certain about this development. This book helps us sort out the complex issues associated with this important source of renewable energy. I highly recommend it * Professor Frank Fischer, Professor, Rutgers University, Author of Reframing Public Policy: Discursive Politics and Deliberative Practices * The book describes a dilemma wrapped in a paradox. The paradox is that the world needs to decarbonize its electricity sector, yet clean and competitive wind power is struggling. That creates the dilemma: will the world embrace the opportunity to generate carbon-free electricity and address the changing climate or will it continue on its unsustainable path forward? Scott Valentine's book explains the electricity resource choices made by six influential nations. The history of wind power development in these nations is explained through a Political SET framework which provides comprehensive insight into forces that either enable or bar wind power development. This book provides a clear idea of what must be managed in order for wind power development to meet its potential in a timely manner * Professor Marilyn Brown, Georgia Institute of Technology, Author of Climate Change and Global Energy Security: Technology and Policy Options, 2007 Nobel Laureate *

Acknowledgments xi
1 Introduction: The Global Imperative 1(33)
1.1 The Global Imperative
1(2)
1.2 Energy and the Global Imperative
3(3)
1.3 Electricity and the Global Imperative
6(12)
1.3.1 Electricity Generation Technologies
6(2)
1.3.2 The Dynamics of Electricity Prices
8(10)
1.4 Energy Market Change and Industrialized Nations
18(3)
1.4.1 Convergence and Alternative Energy
18(2)
1.4.2 The Need for Speed
20(1)
1.5 Energy Market Change and Developing Nations
21(3)
1.5.1 Economic Considerations
21(1)
1.5.2 Economic Security Considerations
22(1)
1.5.3 Economic Empowerment
22(1)
1.5.4 Social Considerations
23(1)
1.5.5 The Need for Speed
23(1)
1.6 When Forces for Speed Meet the Need For Speed
24(1)
1.7 The Dichotomy of Alternative Energy
25(2)
1.8 Objectives and Outline of This Book
27(7)
2 Understanding Wind Power Systems 34(29)
2.1 The Importance of Understanding Wind Power Systems
34(1)
2.2 Features of Wind Power Systems
35(4)
2.2.1 Main Components of a Wind System
35(2)
2.2.2 Innovation and Cost
37(2)
2.2.3 Delivering Wind Power to the Grid
39(1)
2.3 Wind Power Management Challenges
39(3)
2.3.1 The Challenge of Matching Supply and Demand
39(1)
2.3.2 Stochastic Flows
40(2)
2.4 Environmental Concerns and Realities
42(1)
2.5 Impairment of Existing Community Endowments
43(5)
2.5.1 Separating Perception from Fact
43(1)
2.5.2 Perceptions Improve
44(1)
2.5.3 Aesthetic Concerns Overshadow All Others
44(1)
2.5.4 Beyond NIMBY Opposition
45(2)
2.5.5 Overall Lessons in Regard to Community Opposition
47(1)
2.5.6 Government Agency Opposition
48(1)
2.6 Impairment of Existing Ecosystems
48(7)
2.6.1 Bird Mortality
49(1)
2.6.2 The Challenge of Estimating Bird Mortality
50(1)
2.6.3 Degradation of Animal Habitat
51(2)
2.6.4 Offshore Wind Farms and Ecological Concerns
53(1)
2.6.5 The Importance of Environmental Impact Assessments
53(2)
2.6.6 Aesthetics
55(1)
2.7 Conclusion
55(8)
3 The Policy SET Model 63(17)
3.1 The Value of a Common Analytical Framework
63(1)
3.2 The Seamless Web
63(3)
3.3 Complex Adaptive Market Theory in Wind Power Market Analysis
66(1)
3.4 Step Analysis
67(4)
3.5 The Political SET Model
71(3)
3.6 The Political SET Model and the Case Studies
74(1)
3.7 Tying Theory to the Political SET Model
75(5)
4 Wind Power in Denmark 80(45)
4.1 Introduction
80(1)
4.2 An Overview of Electricity Generation in Denmark
81(3)
4.3 History of Wind Power Development in Denmark
84(19)
4.4 Understanding the General Forces for Change
103(3)
4.4.1 Sociocultural Landscape
103(1)
4.4.2 Economic Landscape
104(1)
4.4.3 Technological Landscape
105(1)
4.5 Influences on Government Policy
106(3)
4.5.1 Sociocultural -4 Political
106(1)
4.5.2 Economic -+ Political
107(1)
4.5.3 Technological -k Political
108(1)
4.6 Political Influences on Policy
109(3)
4.6.1 National Political Structure
109(1)
4.6.2 Governing Party Ideology
110(1)
4.6.3 Fiscal Health
111(1)
4.6.4 Policy Regime
111(1)
4.7 The Culmination of Influences
112(2)
4.8 What to Expect Going Forward
114(11)
5 Wind Power in Germany 125(40)
5.1 Introduction
125(1)
5.2 An Overview of Electricity Generation in Germany
126(4)
5.3 History of Wind Power Development in Germany
130(10)
5.4 Understanding the General Forces for Change
140(4)
5.4.1 Sociocultural Landscape
140(1)
5.4.2 Economic Landscape
141(2)
5.4.3 Technological Landscape
143(1)
5.5 Influences on Government Policy
144(3)
5.5.1 Sociocultural -> Political
144(1)
5.5.2 Economic -> Political
145(1)
5.5.3 Technological -> Political
146(1)
5.6 Political Influences on Policy
147(4)
5.6.1 National Political Structure
147(1)
5.6.2 Governing Party Ideology
148(2)
5.6.3 Fiscal Health
150(1)
5.6.4 Policy Regime
150(1)
5.7 The Culmination of Influences
151(3)
5.8 What to Expect Going Forward
154(11)
6 Wind Power in China 165(36)
6.1 Introduction
165(1)
6.2 An Overview of Electricity Generation in China
166(7)
6.3 History of Wind Power Development in China
173(4)
6.4 Understanding the General Forces for Change
177(2)
6.4.1 Sociocultural Landscape
177(1)
6.4.2 Economic Landscape
178(1)
6.4.3 Technological Landscape
178(1)
6.5 Influences on Government Policy
179(7)
6.5.1 Sociocultural -> Political
179(2)
6.5.2 Economic -> Political
181(2)
6.5.3 Technological -> Political
183(3)
6.6 Political Influences on Policy
186(5)
6.6.1 National Political Structure
186(2)
6.6.2 Governing Party Ideology
188(1)
6.6.3 Fiscal Health
189(1)
6.6.4 Policy Regime
190(1)
6.7 The Culmination of Influences
191(2)
6.8 What to Expect Going Forward
193(8)
7 Wind Power in the United States 201(40)
7.1 Introduction
201(2)
7.2 An Overview of Electricity Generation in the United States
203(5)
7.3 History of Wind Power Development in the United States
208(8)
7.4 Understanding the General Forces for Change
216(5)
7.4.1 Sociocultural Landscape
216(2)
7.4.2 Economic Landscape
218(1)
7.4.3 Technological Landscape
219(2)
7.5 Influences on Government Policy
221(3)
7.5.1 Sociocultural -> Political
221(1)
7.5.2 Economic -> Political
222(1)
7.5.3 Technological -> Political
223(1)
7.6 Political Influences on Policy
224(7)
7.6.1 National Political Structure
224(2)
7.6.2 Governing Party Ideology
226(1)
7.6.3 Fiscal Health
227(2)
7.6.4 Policy Regime
229(2)
7.7 The Culmination of Influences
231(3)
7.8 What to Expect Going Forward
234(7)
8 Wind Power in Canada 241(32)
8.1 Introduction
241(4)
8.2 An Overview of Electricity Generation in Canada
245(4)
8.3 History of Wind Power Development in Canada
249(4)
8.4 Understanding the General Forces for Change
253(3)
8.4.1 Sociocultural Landscape
253(1)
8.4.2 Economic Landscape
254(1)
8.4.3 Technological Landscape
255(1)
8.5 Influences on Government Policy
256(5)
8.5.1 Sociocultural -> Political
256(2)
8.5.2 Economic -> Political
258(1)
8.5.3 Technological -> Political
259(2)
8.6 Political Influences on Policy
261(5)
8.6.1 National Political Structure
261(2)
8.6.2 Governing Party Ideology
263(1)
8.6.3 Fiscal Health
264(1)
8.6.4 Policy Regime
265(1)
8.7 The Culmination of Influences
266(2)
8.8 What to Expect Going Forward
268(5)
9 Wind Power in Japan 273(34)
9.1 Introduction
273(4)
9.2 An Overview of Electricity Generation in Japan
277(5)
9.3 History of Wind Power Development in Japan
282(4)
9.4 Understanding the General Forces for Change
286(5)
9.4.1 Sociocultural Landscape
286(2)
9.4.2 Economic Landscape
288(2)
9.4.3 Technological Landscape
290(1)
9.5 Influences on Government Policy
291(3)
9.5.1 Sociocultural -> Political
291(1)
9.5.2 Economic -> Political
292(1)
9.5.3 Technological -> Political
293(1)
9.6 Political Influences on Policy
294(3)
9.6.1 National Political Structure
294(1)
9.6.2 Governing Party Ideology
294(1)
9.6.3 Fiscal Health
295(1)
9.6.4 Policy Regime
296(1)
9.7 The Culmination of Influences
297(2)
9.8 What to Expect Going Forward
299(8)
10 Strategic Control Over Wind Power Development Policy 307(34)
10.1 Introduction
307(1)
10.2 Influential Social Factors
308(8)
10.2.1 Social Factor 1: Community Perspectives
308(1)
10.2.2 Social Factor 2: Information Asymmetry
309(1)
10.2.3 Social Factor 3: Civic Activism
310(1)
10.2.4 Social Factor 4: Habitat Patterns
311(1)
10.2.5 Social Factor 5: Affluence
311(1)
10.2.6 Social Factor 6: Uncertainty and Change
312(2)
10.2.7 Social Factor 7: Vocational Influences
314(1)
10.2.8 Social Factor 8: Agricultural Sector Structure
315(1)
10.2.9 Social Factor 9: Environmental Impact of Energy Mix
315(1)
10.3 Influential Technological Factors
316(6)
10.3.1 Technological Factor 1: Grid Resilience
316(2)
10.3.2 Technological Factor 2: Energy Mix
318(1)
10.3.3 Technological Factor 3: Technological Regimes
318(1)
10.3.4 Technological Factor 4: Distance to the Grid
319(1)
10.3.5 Technological Factor 5: Nationwide Potential
320(1)
10.3.6 Technological Factor 6: Electricity Sector Structure
320(1)
10.3.7 Technological Factor 7: Technological Network Links
321(1)
10.4 Influential Economic Factors
322(7)
10.4.1 Economic Factor 1: Internalization of Externalities
323(1)
10.4.2 Economic Factor 2: Subsidies to Energy Technologies
324(1)
10.4.3 Economic Factor 3: Entrenched Investments
324(2)
10.4.4 Economic Factor 4: Competitive Health of Firms in the Energy Sector
326(1)
10.4.5 Economic Factor 5: Community Economic Benefits
327(1)
10.4.6 Economic Factor 6: National Industry Composition
328(1)
10.4.7 Economic Factor 7: Economic Growth Rate
328(1)
10.5 Influential Political Factors
329(9)
10.5.1 Political Factor 1: Political Ideologies
330(1)
10.5.2 Political Factor 2: Lobbyist Environment
330(1)
10.5.3 Political Factor 3: Fiscal Health
331(1)
10.5.4 Political Factor 4: Nationalization of Utilities
332(1)
10.5.5 Political Factor 5: National Interests and International Pressures
333(1)
10.5.6 Political Factor 6: Historic Trends in Public Energy R&D
334(2)
10.5.7 Political Factor 7: Inclusiveness of the Energy Policy Process
336(1)
10.5.8 Political Factor 8: Central and Subnational Government Coordination
336(1)
10.5.9 Political Factor 9: Perceived Risk to National Security
337(1)
10.6 Concluding Thoughts
338(3)
11 Applied Policymaking 341(20)
11.1 Policy Formulation
341(3)
11.2 Understanding System Dynamics
344(5)
11.2.1 Economics Is Still King
345(1)
11.2.2 Chain Reactions Can Be Partially Managed
346(1)
11.2.3 Favorable Conditions Still Need To Be Managed
346(1)
11.2.4 First Mover Advantages Exist
347(1)
11.2.5 Public Opposition Trumps Economic Impediments At High Levels Of Installed Capacity
348(1)
11.3 Policy Implementation and Monitoring Essentials
349(6)
11.3.1 Malleability
350(2)
11.3.2 Transparency and Broad Participation
352(1)
11.3.3 Strategic Balance
352(1)
11.3.4 Evolutionary Mindset
353(2)
11.4 Avenues of Further Research and Conclusion
355(6)
Index 361
Scott Victor Valentine is Associate Professor in the Department of Public Policy and School of Environment and Energy at City University of Hong Kong.