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Women and the Economy: Family, Work and Pay 4th edition [Minkštas viršelis]

(Lafayette College, USA), (University of Delaware, USA)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 416 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 258x194x24 mm, weight: 880 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 11-Mar-2021
  • Leidėjas: Bloomsbury Academic
  • ISBN-10: 1352012006
  • ISBN-13: 9781352012002
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 416 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 258x194x24 mm, weight: 880 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 11-Mar-2021
  • Leidėjas: Bloomsbury Academic
  • ISBN-10: 1352012006
  • ISBN-13: 9781352012002
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
An analysis of the enormous changes in womens economic lives around the world, from the family to the labour market. This book examines topics such as the effect of rising womens wages and improved labour market opportunities on marriage, the ways in which more reliable contraception has shaped womens adult lives and careers, and the forces behind the phenomenal rise in womens labour force activity. This fourth edition includes brand new chapters on gender in economics and race and gender in the USA. It incorporates the latest research findings throughout, many of which are featured in helpful call-out boxes, and illustrated with new graphs and figures.

This is invaluable reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students of economics, development and womens studies. The level of economic analysis is suitable for students with basic economics knowledge.

New to this Edition: - New chapters on gender in economics and race and gender in economics - Fully updated with new data, policy examples and a new companion website with lecturer resources - Increased pedagogy, with over 30 new boxes

Recenzijos

This text demonstrates for students how economic theory and econometric analysis can be applied to a wide variety of interesting topics around gender and family economics. The choice of topics and the level of treatment are well designed to expose students to exciting analysis and findings while at the same time building their skills with the underlying tools. * Terra McKinnish, University of Colorado, USA * Hoffman and Averett have produced an outstanding resource for instructors and students of labor economics and the economics of the family. They have given us a canonical treatment of topics that have played central roles in recent economic history and in economic development more broadly, but which are usually omitted from other textbooks. * Ryan D. Edwards, University of California, Berkeley, USA * This textbook offers a conscientious up-to-date treatment of the economics of the family. It covers a wide range of topic including two excellent chapters on women and families in developing countries and will benefit students from around the world. * Michčle Tertilt, University of Mannheim, Germany * The COVID-19 pandemic in this new decade has highlighted how vital it is to understand household behaviour and how gender inequality may increase with major shocks affecting labour market settings as well as time allocation and decisions made inside the family. The rigorous analytical approach of this textbook to explain real world trends provides a valuable resource in understanding these challenges. * Sonia Oreffice, University of Exeter, UK * This exceptional textbook reveals how powerful the tools of economics are. Students will learn how to analyze such issues as marriage, divorce, fertility, and family structure - topics that few people associate with the field of economics. The authors present the main ideas and empirical findings from state-of-the-art research in a way that is not only very clear and accessible, but also highly engaging. * Evelyn Lehrer, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA * This is an excellent book, appropriate for both students of economics and those with a preliminary exposure to the subject of economics. It goes beyond the traditional economics of gender topics such as labor force participation, discrimination and gender wage gap to also cover the economics of marriage, fertility and family. It discusses the intersectionality of race and gender as well as issues relevant to womens lives at a global level. The authors have expertly incorporated the latest empirical research in each chapter, making it a fantastic reference guide for instructors who are teaching this course for the first time. * Anoshua Chaudhuri, San Francisco State University, USA *

Preface xiv
Acknowledgements xviii
1 Women and the Economy 1(14)
Introduction
1(3)
Why study women?
4(1)
Economic analysis-an overview
5(2)
An example-economic analysis in action
6(1)
Positive and normative economics
6(1)
Overview of the book
7(1)
Learning more
8(1)
Women in economics
8(5)
Women, economics, and the Nobel Prize
8(2)
Women in the economics profession
10(3)
Final words
13(2)
2 Economics Tools and Thinking 15(26)
Introduction
15(1)
Microeconomics-the basic approach
15(6)
Choices
15(2)
Solutions
17(1)
Changing choices-comparative static analysis
17(2)
Theories and models in economics
19(2)
Microeconomics tools-utility functions and production functions
21(4)
Utility functions
22(1)
Production functions
23(2)
Supply, demand, and market equilibrium
25(4)
Fundamentals of supply and demand
25(2)
Comparative statics of supply and demand
27(2)
Empirical research methods in economics-an introduction
29(11)
Regression analysis
30(3)
Regression pitfalls
33(1)
Experimental methods in economics
34(6)
Summary
40(1)
3 Gender and Economics 41(20)
Introduction
41(1)
What is gender?
41(1)
Where do gender roles come from?
42(4)
Agriculture and attitudes-the historical origins of gender roles
42(2)
Identity and gender roles
44(2)
Gender roles and economic behavior
46(12)
Gender and competitiveness
46(3)
Gender and risk aversion
49(1)
Potential biological explanations for gender differences in competitiveness and risk-taking
50(3)
Gender differences in negotiation
53(1)
Gender and leadership
54(4)
Why don't women major in economics?
58(1)
Summary
59(2)
4 Marriage and the Family-An Economic Approach 61(39)
Introduction
61(1)
Marriage-facts and trends
62(5)
Marriage trends in the United States
62(4)
Marriage trends in Europe
66(1)
The economics of marriage
67(21)
Marriage as an economic institution
67(1)
The gains to marriage-production
68(13)
Specialization and risk
81(1)
The division of labor by gender-evidence
82(3)
The gains to marriage-investment
85(1)
The gains to marriage-consumption
86(2)
The marriage market-a supply and demand analysis
88(10)
Basic concepts and notation
88(1)
Supply and demand curves for marriage
89(2)
Marriage market equilibrium
91(1)
Changes in supply and demand
92(6)
The decline in marriage-a summary
98(1)
Summary
99(1)
5 Marriage-Applications and Extensions 100(23)
Introduction
100(1)
The distribution of resources in marriage
100(4)
Theory
100(2)
Evidence
102(2)
Marital search
104(4)
Cohabitation
108(2)
Divorce
110(9)
Facts and trends
110(1)
The economic analysis of divorce
111(1)
Imperfect information
112(2)
No-fault divorce
114(3)
Employment of married women
117(1)
Gender preference
118(1)
Education, marriage, and inequality
119(2)
Marriage and happiness
121(1)
Summary
122(1)
6 The Economics of Fertility 123(24)
Introduction
123(1)
Fertility facts and trends
123(7)
Measuring fertility
123(2)
Changing fertility in the United States
125(3)
Changing fertility in the rest of the world
128(2)
Fertility-the modern economic approach
130(5)
Preferences
130(3)
The cost of child services-the big picture
133(1)
The cost of child services-details
133(2)
Choosing-the demand for child services
135(3)
Explaining the decline in fertility
138(7)
Fertility and women's wages
138(5)
Fertility and men's wages
143(1)
The effect of other prices on fertility choices
143(1)
Other explanations of the decline in fertility
144(1)
Summary
145(1)
Appendix: Fertility and the interaction of quality and quantity
146(1)
7 The Economics of Fertility: Applications and Extensions 147(25)
Introduction
147(1)
Non-marital fertility
147(11)
Measurement, facts, and trends
147(4)
Causes
151(7)
Teen fertility in the United States
158(7)
Causes
158(3)
Socioeconomic consequences
161(2)
The decline in teen fertility
163(2)
Birth control and women's education, marriage, and work
165(3)
Fertility policy
168(3)
Child allowances
169(1)
Childcare subsidies
170(1)
Maternity leave
170(1)
Tax policy
171(1)
Summary
171(1)
8 Women at Work 172(41)
Introduction
172(1)
Facts and trends
172(8)
An economic model of women's labor force participation
180(11)
Overview
180(1)
Assumptions
181(1)
Model details
182(3)
Utility maximization
185(1)
Non-market choices-leisure and household production
186(3)
Labor force participation
189(2)
Explaining the increase in women's labor force participation
191(8)
Husband's income
191(3)
Women's wage rates
194(1)
Getting more productive-at home
194(3)
Changing attitudes about women's work
197(1)
Putting it all together
198(1)
Fertility and labor force participation-a review and reconciliation
199(1)
Evidence-US working women in the twentieth century
200(2)
Summary
202(1)
Appendix: Labor supply analysis-an alternative approach
203(10)
Introduction
203(1)
The basics of labor supply analysis
204(4)
Choosing hours of work
208(1)
Labor force participation
209(3)
Summary
212(1)
9 Women's Labor Force Participation: Applications and Extensions 213(23)
Introduction
213(1)
Taxes and women's work decisions
213(6)
Overview
213(1)
The arithmetic of taxation
214(1)
Taxes and labor force participation
215(2)
Taxes and hours of work
217(1)
Evidence
218(1)
Transfers and women's work
219(4)
Overview
219(1)
How means-tested transfers work
220(1)
Effects on labor force participation
221(2)
Evidence
223(1)
Children, childcare costs, and women's labor force participation
223(5)
Children and work
223(3)
Childcare costs and subsidies
226(2)
Family leave policies
228(7)
Overview of family leave policies
228(2)
An economic analysis of family leave policies
230(2)
The economic effects of family leave policies
232(3)
Summary
235(1)
10 Women's Earnings, Occupation, and Education: An Overview 236(22)
Introduction
236(1)
Gender differences in earnings-facts and trends
236(5)
Occupational segregation
241(5)
Measuring occupational segregation
243(2)
Trends in occupational segregation
245(1)
Gender differences in education
246(4)
How labor markets work-an overview
250(6)
The basics-supply and demand in competitive labor markets
250(2)
Finding the equilibrium wage
252(1)
Comparative statics-how changes in supply and demand affect wages and employment
253(1)
Thinking about wage rates
254(2)
Summary
256(2)
11 Gender Differences in Earnings: Explanations 258(36)
Introduction
258(1)
Human capital-the supply of skills to the labor market
258(7)
Human capital basics
258(2)
Human capital investment and present value analysis
260(2)
Gender and human capital investment
262(3)
Gender and human capital investment-a summary
265(1)
Labor market discrimination
265(11)
Employer discrimination
266(5)
Customer discrimination
271(2)
Employee discrimination
273(1)
Summary of discrimination models
274(1)
Why discrimination is economically inefficient
274(2)
Occupational choice and earnings
276(4)
Gender roles, gender identity, and occupational choice
276(2)
Non-pecuniary characteristics and occupational choice
278(1)
Human capital investment and occupational choice
279(1)
Other explanations of gender differences in earnings
280(5)
Statistical discrimination
280(2)
Competitiveness, risk-taking, and biology
282(3)
Summary
285(1)
Appendix: Present value analysis and the return to human capital
286(8)
Fundamentals of present value analysis
286(4)
Finding the internal rate of return to a human capital investment
290(1)
Optimal investment in human capital
291(3)
12 Gender Differences in Earnings: Methods and Evidence 294(24)
Introduction
294(1)
Methods for analyzing gender differences in earnings
294(5)
Regression analysis of gender earnings differences
294(2)
The Oaxaca decomposition of earnings differences
296(3)
The evidence-the gender gap in the United States
299(11)
1950-1980: human capital and the gender gap
300(1)
Work experience and the gender gap
301(1)
Convergence in the 1980s
302(1)
Slowdown in convergence: 1990-2010
303(3)
A family gap emerges
306(2)
Occupation, job flexibility, and the family gap
308(2)
Gender discrimination in employment
310(3)
Audit and correspondence studies
310(3)
The glass ceiling
313(1)
Anti-discrimination laws in the United States
313(3)
The economic basis for anti-discrimination laws
313(1)
Major discrimination legislation in the United States
314(2)
Summary
316(2)
13 Race and Gender in the United States 318(29)
Introduction
318(1)
What is race and how is it measured?
319(2)
Race and family structure
321(12)
Facts and trends
321(2)
Economic explanations of race differences in family structure
323(9)
Summary
332(1)
Fertility
333(2)
Race and women's work
335(5)
The double legacy of slavery
335(4)
Race and work in the twenty-first century
339(1)
Race, gender, and earnings
340(3)
Correspondence studies of discrimination
343(1)
Race and economics
344(3)
Economics students and teachers
344(1)
Racism in economics
344(3)
14 Marriage and Fertility in Developing Countries 347(21)
Introduction
347(1)
Measuring economic development
347(1)
Marriage in developing countries
348(9)
Age at first marriage
348(2)
Age at first marriage and women's education
350(2)
Other factors influencing delayed marriage
352(2)
Brideprice and dowry
354(1)
Monogamy and polygamy
355(2)
Fertility in developing countries
357(9)
Overview
357(1)
Economic explanations for higher fertility in developing countries
358(2)
Gender preference in fertility
360(2)
Economic explanations for falling fertility in developing countries
362(4)
Summary
366(2)
15 Women's Education, Work, and Earnings in Developing Countries 368(18)
Introduction
368(1)
Women's education in developing countries
368(3)
Women's labor force participation in developing countries
371(9)
Facts and trends
371(2)
Economic development and women's labor force participation
373(2)
Women's employment in developing countries
375(1)
Improving infrastructure and women's work
376(1)
Women's work and women's empowerment
377(1)
Women, migration, and remittances
378(2)
The gender wage gap in developing countries
380(4)
Globalization and women's economic well-being
381(1)
Microcredit and women's well-being
382(2)
Summary
384(2)
Reference Index 386(5)
Subject Index 391
Saul D. Hoffman is Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of Delaware, where he taught for 39 years. He also served as a Visiting Professor at the University of Lyon II, University of Paris 1-Sorbonne, and the University of Colorado, Denver. He has published widely in labor economics and economic demography. He is the author of By the Numbers: The Public Costs of Teen Childbearing and co-editor of Kids Having Kids (2nd Edition), to which he also contributed several chapters.

Susan L. Averett is the Charles A. Dana Professor of Economics at Lafayette College. She has published widely in both economic demography and health economics and currently serves as co-editor of the journal Economics and Human Biology. From 2010-2015, she was co-editor of the Eastern Economic Journal. She is a co-editor (with Saul D. Hoffman and Laura M. Argys) of The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy, published in 2018. She is also a Research Associate at the Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).