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Part I Introduction to the Legal and Economic Aspects of World Trade Regulation |
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1 | (62) |
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Introduction to World Trade Law |
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3 | (42) |
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Increased Trade and Deeper Integration: Globalisation! |
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4 | (8) |
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Increased Trade and Increased Importance of Trade |
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5 | (3) |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (8) |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (6) |
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Free Trade vs Protectionism |
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20 | (23) |
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43 | (2) |
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Economics of Trade Agreements |
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45 | (18) |
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Free Trade versus Protection: Taking Advantage of Comparative Advantage |
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46 | (13) |
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The Economics of Modern Trade Agreements: Beyond the Simple Comparative Advantage Model |
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59 | (2) |
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Intellectual Property Protection |
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60 | (1) |
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Efficient Regulation/Good Governance |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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Part II History, Institutional Aspects and the Relationship between World Trade Law, International Law and Domestic Law |
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63 | (88) |
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The History and Institutions of the Multilateral Trading System |
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65 | (38) |
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65 | (1) |
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The GATT as an Institution |
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65 | (5) |
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66 | (3) |
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69 | (1) |
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The WTO as an Institution |
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70 | (31) |
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WTO Objectives, Scope and Functions |
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73 | (9) |
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Basic Structure of the WTO |
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82 | (4) |
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Decision-making in the WTO |
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86 | (11) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (4) |
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101 | (2) |
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World Trade Law and International Law |
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103 | (20) |
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103 | (1) |
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World Trade Law and International Law: Differing Viewpoints |
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103 | (18) |
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121 | (2) |
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World Trade Law and Domestic Law |
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123 | (28) |
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123 | (6) |
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Jurisdictional Differences |
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129 | (20) |
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129 | (10) |
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139 | (5) |
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144 | (5) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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Part III Dispute Settlement In the WTO |
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151 | (86) |
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The Settlement of Disputes in GATT/WTO |
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153 | (84) |
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153 | (1) |
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Dispute Settlement in the GATT |
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154 | (3) |
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Dispute Settlement in the WTO: Introduction |
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157 | (1) |
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Basic Overview of the DSU Process |
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158 | (17) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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Compensation and the Suspension of Concessions or Other Obligations |
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164 | (8) |
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172 | (3) |
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Alternatives to Dispute Settlement: Mediation and Arbitration |
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175 | (1) |
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Statistics on WTO Dispute Settlement |
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176 | (5) |
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Interaction of the DSU Rules with Other WTO Agreements |
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181 | (1) |
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Important Procedural and Systemic Issues |
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182 | (44) |
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182 | (9) |
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Participation by WTO Members and Other Interested Groups |
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191 | (11) |
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Panel and Appellate Body Decision-making |
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202 | (19) |
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Multilateralism versus Unilateralism |
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221 | (5) |
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Measuring the Effectiveness of the DSU: Is it a Success? |
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226 | (8) |
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234 | (3) |
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Part IV Traditional GATT Obligations |
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237 | (104) |
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Border Measures: Tariffs and Quotas |
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239 | (34) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (21) |
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GATT/WTO Tariff Negotiations |
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240 | (1) |
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GATT Rules on Bound Tariffs |
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241 | (12) |
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Domestic Tariff Administration |
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253 | (8) |
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261 | (6) |
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267 | (1) |
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Export Quotas and Export Tariffs |
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268 | (3) |
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268 | (3) |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (2) |
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Non-Discrimination: MFN and National Treatment |
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273 | (68) |
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Overview of Non-discrimination |
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273 | (5) |
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What is Discrimination? The Role of Intent, Effect and Comparisons |
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273 | (4) |
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De Facto versus De Jure Discrimination |
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277 | (1) |
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National Treatment: Domestic Taxes and Regulations |
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278 | (43) |
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278 | (1) |
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The National Treatment Provisions of GATT Article III |
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279 | (2) |
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Article III:2: Tax Measures |
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281 | (18) |
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Article III:4: Regulatory Measures |
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299 | (20) |
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Article III: Conclusions and General Observations |
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319 | (2) |
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321 | (1) |
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The Most Favoured Nation Principle |
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322 | (17) |
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322 | (4) |
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Elements of the Most Favoured Nation Principle: `Likeness' and Non-discrimination |
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326 | (8) |
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334 | (4) |
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Conclusions on the MFN Obligation |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (2) |
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341 | (78) |
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Bilateral/Regional Trade Agreements |
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343 | (38) |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (2) |
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The Development of Regionalism: Why (or why not) PTAs? |
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346 | (6) |
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GATT Article XXIV and GATS Article V |
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352 | (12) |
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The Obligation to Notify to the CRTA |
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353 | (4) |
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External Trade Requirement |
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357 | (4) |
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Internal Trade Requirement |
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361 | (3) |
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PTAs and Dispute Settlement in the WTO |
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364 | (6) |
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364 | (4) |
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United States---Line Pipe Safeguards |
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368 | (2) |
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Recent Trends: the Future of PTAs in the WTO |
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370 | (9) |
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379 | (2) |
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The Article XX `General Exceptions': Health, the Environment, Compliance Measures, Public Morals and More |
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381 | (38) |
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381 | (1) |
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General Interpretive Issues |
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382 | (7) |
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382 | (1) |
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Structure of the Article XX Analysis: Sub-paragraphs First, Chapeau Second |
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383 | (1) |
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`Necessary' versus `Relating to' |
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383 | (4) |
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Relationship of Article XX Chapeau Discrimination to Article III Discrimination |
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387 | (1) |
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388 | (1) |
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The Consideration of Extraterritorial Measures |
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388 | (1) |
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The Major Listed Exceptions |
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389 | (19) |
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Article XX(a): Public Morals |
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389 | (1) |
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Article XX(b): Human, Animal or Plant Life or Health |
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390 | (10) |
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Article XX(g): Conservation of Exhaustible Natural Resources |
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400 | (8) |
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408 | (8) |
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409 | (5) |
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414 | (2) |
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416 | (1) |
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416 | (3) |
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Part VI Remedies for Fair and Unfair Trade |
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419 | (136) |
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Subsidies and Countervailing Measures |
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421 | (44) |
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421 | (2) |
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Identification of Subsidies that are Subject to the SCM Agreement |
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423 | (6) |
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The Definition of `Subsidy' |
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423 | (4) |
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427 | (2) |
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Regulation of Specific Subsidies under the SCM Agreement |
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429 | (19) |
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430 | (12) |
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Prohibited Subsidies: Final Thoughts |
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442 | (1) |
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442 | (5) |
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447 | (1) |
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Dispute Settlement and Remedies |
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448 | (2) |
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Special Rules for Certain Countries |
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450 | (1) |
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Subsidies Provisions in Other WTO Agreements |
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450 | (2) |
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450 | (2) |
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452 | (1) |
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452 | (1) |
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452 | (11) |
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463 | (2) |
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Dumping and Anti-dumping Measures |
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465 | (56) |
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465 | (1) |
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Anti-dumping: A Basic Overview |
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466 | (3) |
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Domestic Anti-dumping Rules |
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466 | (2) |
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History of GATT/WTO Rules on Dumping |
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468 | (1) |
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Anti-dumping Investigations |
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469 | (37) |
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469 | (2) |
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Evidence Used in the Investigation |
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471 | (1) |
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Key Substantive Issues: Dumping, Injury and Causation |
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471 | (35) |
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506 | (11) |
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506 | (1) |
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506 | (2) |
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Duration and Review of Duties |
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508 | (1) |
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The Use of Anti-dumping Measures Other than Tariff Duties |
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509 | (8) |
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Challenging Anti-dumping Measures in WTO Dispute Settlement |
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517 | (2) |
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517 | (1) |
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The Measures to be Challenged |
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518 | (1) |
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Good Faith, Even-handedness, Impartiality |
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518 | (1) |
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519 | (2) |
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521 | (34) |
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521 | (2) |
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523 | (1) |
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Conditions to be Satisfied in Order to Apply Safeguard Measures |
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524 | (15) |
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525 | (2) |
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527 | (3) |
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Serious Injury or Threat Thereof |
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530 | (3) |
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Causation and Non-attribution |
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533 | (6) |
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539 | (1) |
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Application of Safeguard Measures |
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540 | (11) |
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The Extent of Safeguard Measures |
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541 | (1) |
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542 | (6) |
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Measures in the Form of Quantitative Restrictions |
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548 | (1) |
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Excluding Developing Country Members |
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549 | (1) |
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Duration of Safeguard Measures |
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550 | (1) |
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Provisional Safeguard Measures |
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550 | (1) |
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Maintaining an Equivalent Level of Concessions |
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551 | (2) |
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553 | (2) |
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Part VII Beyond Trade in Goods: Domestic Regulation, Services, Investment, Procurement and Intellectual Property |
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555 | (222) |
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The SPS and TBT Agreements |
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557 | (40) |
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557 | (1) |
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558 | (23) |
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Basic Rights and Obligations |
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559 | (2) |
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561 | (1) |
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561 | (1) |
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Assessment of Risk and Determination of the Appropriate Level of Sanitary or Phytosanitary Protection |
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562 | (18) |
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580 | (1) |
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Summary of the SPS Agreement's Provisions |
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581 | (1) |
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581 | (11) |
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Closing Thoughts: The Object and Purpose of the SPS and TBT Agreements |
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592 | (2) |
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594 | (3) |
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597 | (36) |
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597 | (1) |
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598 | (2) |
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600 | (3) |
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What Services are Covered? |
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600 | (1) |
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601 | (2) |
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The Relationship of Trade in Goods (the GATT) with Trade in Services (the GATS) |
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603 | (1) |
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General Obligations and Disciplines |
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603 | (12) |
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Most-Favoured Nation Treatment (MFN) |
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603 | (1) |
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604 | (1) |
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604 | (2) |
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606 | (9) |
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615 | (14) |
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616 | (12) |
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628 | (1) |
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629 | (1) |
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629 | (1) |
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630 | (3) |
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633 | (32) |
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633 | (1) |
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History of International Investment Regulation |
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633 | (1) |
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Uruguay Round Negotiations: The TRIMs Agreement |
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634 | (11) |
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The TRIMs Agreement Negotiations |
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635 | (1) |
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636 | (2) |
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638 | (7) |
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International Investment Regulation Outside the WTO Context |
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645 | (16) |
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Bilateral Investment Treaties and Investment Provisions of Free Trade Agreements |
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645 | (11) |
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A Multilateral Agreement on Investment? |
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656 | (5) |
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Investment and the Doha Round |
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661 | (2) |
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663 | (2) |
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665 | (40) |
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665 | (3) |
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Issues Relating to Contract Coverage |
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668 | (10) |
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The Definition of Covered Procurement |
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669 | (8) |
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Coverage from the Developing Country's Perspective |
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677 | (1) |
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Rules Applying to Covered Contracts |
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678 | (15) |
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General Principles of Non-discrimination |
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679 | (2) |
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681 | (2) |
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Advertisement of Procurement Opportunities---Notices |
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683 | (2) |
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Conditions for Participation |
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685 | (3) |
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Time Limits for Award Procedures |
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688 | (2) |
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690 | (3) |
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693 | (2) |
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Domestic Review Procedures for Supplier Challenges |
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695 | (5) |
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The Identity and Attributes of the Review Body |
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699 | (1) |
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699 | (1) |
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Discussions towards Multilateral Procurement Disciplines |
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700 | (3) |
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703 | (2) |
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Trade in Intellectual Property: the TRIPS Agreement |
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705 | (72) |
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705 | (1) |
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Historical Treatment of Intellectual Property |
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705 | (2) |
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The Framework of the TRIPS Agreement: General Provisions and Principles |
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707 | (8) |
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707 | (1) |
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708 | (1) |
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National Treatment and Most Favoured Nation Treatment |
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709 | (3) |
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712 | (2) |
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Objectives and Principles |
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714 | (1) |
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The Scope and Coverage of the TRIPS Agreement |
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715 | (56) |
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Copyright and Related Rights |
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715 | (16) |
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731 | (28) |
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759 | (1) |
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Acquisition and Maintenance of Intellectual Property Rights and Related Inter Partes Procedures |
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760 | (1) |
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Dispute Prevention and Settlement |
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760 | (5) |
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Transitional Arrangements |
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765 | (1) |
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Criticisms of the Agreement |
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766 | (5) |
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Intellectual Property and Preferential Trade Agreements |
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771 | (4) |
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775 | (2) |
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Part VIII Social Policy Issues |
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777 | (86) |
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Developing Countries in the Multilateral Trading System |
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779 | (40) |
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779 | (1) |
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Classification of WTO Members as `Developing' or `Least Developed' |
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779 | (3) |
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The Role of Developing Countries in the WTO: Negotiations, Disputes, and Special and Differential Treatment |
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782 | (9) |
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785 | (1) |
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786 | (2) |
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Special and Differential versus Equal Treatment |
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788 | (3) |
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Are the WTO's Goals Appropriate for Developing Countries? |
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791 | (2) |
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Disputes Involving Development Issues |
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793 | (22) |
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The India---Quantitative Restrictions Dispute: GATT Article XVIII |
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793 | (7) |
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The EC---Tariff Preferences Dispute: The Enabling Clause |
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800 | (15) |
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815 | (4) |
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Linkages between Trade and Social Policies |
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819 | (44) |
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820 | (11) |
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831 | (5) |
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836 | (9) |
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845 | (8) |
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853 | (7) |
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860 | (3) |
Index |
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863 | |