Preface |
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xii | |
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1 | (9) |
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1 | (1) |
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Using Genres to Write Successfully |
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2 | (2) |
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Genres and the Writing Process |
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4 | (2) |
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Using Genre as a Guiding Concept |
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Transfer: Using Genres in College and in Your Career |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (11) |
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Topic: What Am I Writing About? |
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11 | (1) |
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Angle: What Is New About the Topic? |
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12 | (2) |
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What Has Changed to Make This Topic Interesting Right Now? |
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What Unique Experiences, Expertise, or Knowledge Do I Have About This Topic? |
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Purpose: What Should I Accomplish? |
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14 | (2) |
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Thesis Statement (Main Claim) |
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Choosing the Appropriate Genre |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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3 Readers, Contexts, and Rhetorical Situations |
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21 | (12) |
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22 | (4) |
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An Extended Reader Profile |
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Using a Reader Analysis Worksheet |
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26 | (2) |
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Social and Political Influences |
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Genres and the Rhetorical Situation |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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4 Reading Critically, Thinking Analytically |
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33 | (15) |
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Looking Through and Looking At a Text |
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34 | (1) |
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Reading Critically: Seven Strategies |
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35 | (6) |
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Strategy 1 Preview the Text |
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Strategy 2 Play the Believing and Doubting Game |
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Strategy 3 Annotate the Text |
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Strategy 4 Analyze the Proofs in the Text |
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Strategy 5 Contextualize the Text |
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Strategy 6 Analyze Your Own Assumptions and Beliefs |
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Strategy 7 Respond to the Text |
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Using Critical Reading to Strengthen Your Writing |
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41 | (4) |
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Responding to a Text: Evaluating What Others Have Written |
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Responding with a Text's Positions, Terms, and Ideas: Using What Others Have Written |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (2) |
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PART 2 Using Genres to Express Ideas |
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48 | (19) |
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49 | (1) |
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One Student's Work: Helen Sanderson, "Diving In" |
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50 | (1) |
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Inventing Your Memoir's Content |
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51 | (3) |
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Inquiring: Finding an Interesting Topic |
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Inquiring: Finding Out What You Already Know |
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Researching: Finding Out What Others Know |
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Organizing and Drafting Your Memoir |
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54 | (1) |
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Setting the Scene in Rich Detail |
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Describing the Complication |
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Evaluating and Resolving the Complication |
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Concluding with a Point---An Implied Thesis |
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Choosing an Appropriate Style |
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55 | (2) |
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Evoking an Appropriate Tone or Voice |
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57 | (1) |
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Microgenre: The Literacy Narrative |
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58 | (2) |
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Frederick Douglass, "Learning to Read and Write" |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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Jean Ellen Whatley, "My Ex Went to Prison for Sex Crimes" |
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61 | (2) |
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Thaddeus Gunn, "Slapstick" |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (26) |
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68 | (1) |
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One Student's Work: Katie Koch, "Brother, Life Coach, Friend" |
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69 | (2) |
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Inventing Your Profile's Content |
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71 | (2) |
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Inquiring: Finding Out What You Already Know |
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Researching: Finding Out What Others Know |
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Organizing and Drafting Your Profile |
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73 | (1) |
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Choosing an Appropriate Style |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (2) |
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Stephanie Wilson, NASA Astronaut |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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Tim Madigan, "The Serial Rapist is Not Who You Think" |
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79 | (3) |
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Eric Wills, "Hot for Creature" |
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82 | (9) |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (20) |
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94 | (2) |
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One Student's Work: Christina Lieffring, "BB's Lawnside Blues & BBQ" |
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Inventing Your Review's Content |
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96 | (2) |
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Inquiring: Discovering Common Expectations |
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Researching: Gathering Background Information |
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Researching: Go Experience It |
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Organizing and Drafting Your Review |
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98 | (2) |
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Description or Summary of the Subject |
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Discussion of Strengths and Shortcomings |
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Choosing an Appropriate Style |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (2) |
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Haley Frederick, "Hunger Games: Catching Fire Review" |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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Christy Lemire, "The Lego Movie" |
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105 | (3) |
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Margaret Lyons, "Sherlock Returns, Brilliant as Ever" |
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108 | (3) |
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111 | (2) |
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113 | (23) |
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At-A-Glance: Literary Analyses |
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114 | (1) |
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One Student's Work: Chalina Pena, "Making The Story of an Hour' Make Sense" |
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115 | (2) |
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Inventing Your Literary Analysis's Content |
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117 | (3) |
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Inquiring: What's Interesting Here? |
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Researching: What Background Do You Need? |
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Organizing and Drafting Your Literary Analysis |
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120 | (2) |
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The Introduction: Establish Your Interpretive |
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The Body: Summarize, Interpret, Support |
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The Conclusion: Restate Your Thesis |
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Choosing an Appropriate Style |
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122 | (1) |
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Use the "Literary Present" Tense |
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Move Beyond Personal Response |
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Designing Your Literary Analysis |
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123 | (1) |
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Microgenre: The Reading Response |
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124 | (3) |
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A Student's Reading Response to Paul Laurence Dunbar's "We Wear the Mask" |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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Kate Chopin, "The Story of an Hour" |
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128 | (2) |
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Daniel P. Deneau, "An Enigma in Chopin's `The Story of an Hour'" (MLA) |
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130 | (4) |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (25) |
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At-A-Glance: Rhetorical Analyses |
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137 | (1) |
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One Student's Work: Claire Mengebier, "Rhetorical Analysis of Match.com" |
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138 | (2) |
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Inventing Your Rhetorical Analysis's Content |
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140 | (3) |
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Inquiring: Highlight Uses of Proofs |
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Researching: Finding Background Information |
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Organizing and Drafting Your Rhetorical Analysis |
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143 | (3) |
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Explanation of Rhetorical Concepts |
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Provide Historical Context and Summary |
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Choosing an Appropriate Style |
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146 | (1) |
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Designing Your Rhetorical Analysis |
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147 | (1) |
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Microgenre: The Ad Critique |
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148 | (2) |
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Paloma Aleman, "The Axe Effect" |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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Edward Hoagland, "The Courage of Turtles" |
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151 | (5) |
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Adam Regn Arvidson, "Nature Writing in America: Criticism Through Imagery" |
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156 | (3) |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (23) |
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At-A-Glance: Commentaries |
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162 | (1) |
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One Student's Work: David Meany, "Why My Generation Doesn't Care About Performance Enhancement" (MLA) ARGUMENT |
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163 | (2) |
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Inventing Your Commentary's Content |
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165 | (1) |
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Inquiring: Finding Out What You Already Know |
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Researching: Finding Out What Others Know |
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Organizing and Drafting Your Commentary |
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166 | (3) |
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Explain the Current Event or Issue |
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Support Your Position ARGUMENT |
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Clarify Your Position ARGUMENT |
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Choosing an Appropriate Style |
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169 | (1) |
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Imitate a Well-Known Writer |
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Match Your Tone to Your Readers' Expectations |
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Use Analogies, Similes, and Metaphors |
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Designing Your Commentary |
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170 | (2) |
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Microgenre: Letter to the Editor ARGUMENT |
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172 | (3) |
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Caroline Klinker, "Letter to the Editor: Modern-Day Religious Climate on Campus is Detrimental" |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (1) |
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Greg Hampikian, "When May I Shoot a Student?" ARGUMENT |
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175 | (3) |
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Sally Kohn, "Don't Click on Celebrity Nude Photos, ISIS Videos" ARGUMENT |
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178 | (4) |
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182 | (2) |
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184 | (24) |
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185 | (1) |
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One Student's Work: "Death Penalty Eliminates the Risk of Future Violent Crimes" by Katlyn Firkus ARGUMENT |
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186 | (1) |
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Inventing Your Argument's Content |
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187 | (3) |
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Inquiring: Identifying Your Topic |
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Inquiring: Identifying Points of Contention ARGUMENT |
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Researching: Finding Out What Others Believe and Why |
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Organizing and Drafting Your Argument |
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190 | (2) |
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Summary and Limitations of Opposing Positions ARGUMENT |
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Your Understanding of the Issue |
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Reasons Your Understanding is Stronger |
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Choosing an Appropriate Style |
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192 | (2) |
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Use Plain Style to Describe the Opposing Position |
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Use Similes, Metaphors, and Analogies When Describing Your Position |
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194 | (2) |
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Microgenre: The Rebuttal ARGUMENT |
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196 | (3) |
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Dr. John Abraham, "Global Warming Most Definitely Not a Hoax--A Scientist's Rebuttal" |
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197 | (2) |
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199 | (1) |
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Ted Miller, "Should College Football Be Banned?" ARGUMENT |
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200 | (2) |
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Kate Dailey, "Friends with Benefits: Do Facebook Friends Provide the Same Support as Those In Real Life?" ARGUMENT |
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202 | (4) |
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206 | (2) |
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208 | (31) |
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209 | (1) |
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One Student Group's Work: "SCC Cafe Proposal" |
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210 | (4) |
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Inventing Your Proposal's Content |
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214 | (3) |
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Inquiring: Defining the Problem |
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Inquiring: Analyzing the Problem |
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Researching: Gathering Information and Sources |
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Inquiring: Planning to Solve the Problem |
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Researching: Finding Similar Projects |
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Organizing and Drafting Your Proposal |
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217 | (5) |
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Description of the Problem, Its Causes, and Its Effects |
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Discussing the Costs and Benefits of Your Plan |
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Choosing an Appropriate Style |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (2) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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Samuel Goldman, "How to Fix Grade Inflation at Harvard" ARGUMENT |
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227 | (2) |
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Jim Rough, "A Rebirth of `We the People'" ARGUMENT |
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229 | (8) |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (43) |
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240 | (1) |
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One Student Group's Work: Kaisa Lee and Jamie Koss, "College Students' Attitudes on the Causes of Infidelity" |
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241 | (10) |
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Inventing Your Analytical Report's Content |
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251 | (5) |
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Inquiring: Finding Out What You Already Know |
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Researching: Creating a Research Plan |
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Researching: Gathering Sources and Revisiting Your Hypothesis |
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Organizing and Drafting Your Analytical Report |
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256 | (3) |
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Executive Summary of Abstract |
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Introduction Methods Section |
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Findings or Results Section |
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Conclusion/Recommendations |
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References or Works Cited |
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Choosing an Appropriate Style |
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259 | (1) |
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Designing Your Analytical Report |
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260 | (2) |
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Microgenre: The Explainer |
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262 | (3) |
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World Freerunning Parkour Federation, "What is Parkour?" |
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263 | (2) |
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265 | (1) |
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Andrew Gelman and George A. Romero, "How Many Zombies Do You Know? Using Indirect Survey Methods to Measure Alien Attacks and Outbreaks of the Undead" (APA) |
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266 | (3) |
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Pew Research Center, "The Rising Cost of Not Going to College" (APA) |
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269 | (11) |
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280 | (2) |
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282 | (34) |
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At-A-Glance: Research Papers |
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283 | (1) |
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One Student's Work: "Lives Not Worth the Money?" Katelyn Turnbow (MLA) |
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284 | (5) |
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Inventing Your Research Paper's Content |
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289 | (1) |
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Inquiring: Defining Your Topic, Angle, Purpose |
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Researching: Finding Out What Others Know |
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Organizing and Drafting Your Research Paper |
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290 | (3) |
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Works Cited or References |
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Choosing an Appropriate Style |
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293 | (1) |
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Designing Your Research Paper |
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294 | (2) |
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Microgenre: The Annotated Bibliography |
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296 | (2) |
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Sara Rodriguez, "Annotated Bibliography: The Fog of Revolution" (MLA) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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Paul Rosenzweig et al., "Drones in U.S. Airspace: Principles for Governance" (APA) |
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299 | (7) |
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James Knoll, "Serial Murder: A Forensic Psychiatric Perspective" (APA) |
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306 | (8) |
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314 | (2) |
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PART 3 Developing a Writing Process |
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15 Inventing Ideas and Prewriting |
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316 | (13) |
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317 | (3) |
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320 | (3) |
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Asking the Journalist's Questions |
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Investigating Logos, Ethos, Pathos ARGUMENT |
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323 | (3) |
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Journaling, Blogging, or Microblogging |
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Writing an Exploratory Draft |
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Exploring with Presentation Software |
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Taking Time to Invent and Prewrite |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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16 Organizing and Drafting |
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329 | (13) |
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Sketching Out Your Paper's Organization |
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330 | (1) |
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Using the Genre to Create a Basic Outline |
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Drafting Your Introduction: Tell Them What You're Going to Tell Them |
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331 | (5) |
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Using a Grabber to Start Your Introduction |
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Using a Lead to Draw in the Readers |
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Drafting the Body of Your Paper: Tell Them |
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336 | (2) |
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Overcoming Writer's Block |
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Drafting Your Conclusion: Tell Them What You Told Them |
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338 | (2) |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (12) |
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342 | (4) |
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Guideline 1 Clarify Who or What the Sentence Is About |
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Guideline 2 Make the "Doer" the Subject of the Sentence |
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Guideline 3 Put the Subject Early in the Sentence |
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Guideline 4 State the Action in the Verb |
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Guideline 5 Eliminate Nominalizations |
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Guideline 6 Boil Down the Prepositional Phrases |
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Guideline 7 Eliminate Redundancies |
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Guideline 8 Use Sentences That Are Breathing Length |
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346 | (2) |
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Writing Descriptively with Figures and Tropes |
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348 | (3) |
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Use Similes and Analogies |
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Use Alliteration and Assonance |
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Improving Your Writing Style |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (13) |
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Design Principle 1 Balance |
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354 | (2) |
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Design Principle 2 Alignment |
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356 | (1) |
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Design Principle 3 Grouping |
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357 | (1) |
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Design Principle 4 Consistency |
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358 | (1) |
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Using Headings Consistently |
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Design Principle 5 Contrast |
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359 | (1) |
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Using Photography and Images |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (5) |
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Creating a Graph or Chart |
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Choosing the Appropriate Graph or Chart |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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367 | (15) |
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368 | (5) |
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Challenge Your Draft's Topic, Angle, and Purpose |
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Think About Your Readers (Again) and the Context |
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Level 2 Substantive Editing |
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373 | (4) |
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Determine Whether You Have Enough Information (or Too Much) |
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Reorganize Your Work to Better Use the Genre |
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Look for Ways to Improve the Design |
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Ask Someone Else to Read Your Work |
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377 | (1) |
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Review Your Title and Headings |
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Edit Paragraphs to Make Them Concise and Consistent |
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Revise Sentences to Make Them Clearer |
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Revise Sentences to Make Them More Descriptive |
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378 | (1) |
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Read Your Draft Backwards |
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Read a Printed Copy of Your Work |
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Know Your Grammatical Weaknesses |
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Use Your Spellchecker and Grammar Checker |
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Peer Review: Asking for Advice |
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379 | (1) |
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380 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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PART 4 Strategies for Shaping Ideas |
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20 Developing Paragraphs and Sections |
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382 | (9) |
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Creating a Basic Paragraph |
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383 | (3) |
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Transition or Transitional Sentence (Optional) |
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Support Sentences (Needed) |
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Point Sentence (Optional) |
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Getting Paragraphs to Flow (Cohesion) |
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386 | (1) |
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Subject Alignment in Paragraphs |
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387 | (2) |
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Organizational Patterns for Sections |
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389 | (1) |
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390 | (1) |
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21 Using Basic Rhetorical Patterns |
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391 | (10) |
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392 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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Describing with the Senses |
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Describing with Similes, Metaphors, and Onomatopoeia |
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393 | (2) |
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395 | (1) |
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Step One List Everything That Fits into the Whole Class |
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Step Two Decide on a Principle of Classification |
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Step Three Sort into Major and Minor Groups |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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Combining Rhetorical Patterns |
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398 | (1) |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (1) |
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22 Using Argumentative Strategies ARGUMENT |
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401 | (16) |
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402 | (3) |
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Four Sources of Arguable Claims |
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Using Reason, Authority, and Emotion |
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405 | (4) |
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Avoiding Logical Fallacies |
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409 | (2) |
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Rebuttals and Refutations |
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411 | (4) |
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Summarize Your Opponents' Position Objectively |
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Recognize When the Opposing Position May Be Valid |
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Concede Some of the Opposing Points |
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Refute or Absorb Your Opponents' Major Points |
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415 | (1) |
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416 | (1) |
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23 Collaborating and Peer Response |
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417 | (13) |
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Working Successfully in Groups |
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418 | (2) |
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Working Successfully in Teams |
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420 | (3) |
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Forming: Setting Goals, Getting Organized |
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Storming: Managing Conflict |
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Norming: Getting Down to Work |
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Performing: Working as a Team |
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Using Peer Response to Improve Your Writing |
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423 | (4) |
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Types of Peer Response and Document Cycling |
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Responding Helpfully During Peer Response |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (2) |
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430 | (9) |
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Starting Your Research Process |
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431 | (2) |
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Step One Define Your Research Question |
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Step Two Develop a Working Thesis |
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Step Three Devise a Research Plan |
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433 | (1) |
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Assessing a Source's Reliability |
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433 | (2) |
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Is the Source Up to Date? |
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How Biased Are the Author and the Publisher? |
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Can You Verify the Evidence in the Source? |
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Managing Your Research Process |
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435 | (1) |
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Finalizing a Research Schedule |
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Starting Your Bibliography File |
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Following and Modifying Your Research Plan |
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436 | (1) |
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When Things Don't Go As Expected |
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437 | (1) |
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438 | (1) |
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25 Finding Sources and Collecting Evidence |
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439 | (16) |
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Using Primary and Secondary Sources |
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439 | (2) |
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Evaluating Sources with Triangulation |
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441 | (1) |
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Finding Electronic and Online Sources |
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442 | (4) |
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Using Internet Search Engines |
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Using the Internet Cautiously |
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Using Documentaries and Television/Radio Broadcasts |
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Using Wikis, Blogs, and Podcasts |
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446 | (3) |
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Locating Books At Your Library |
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Finding Articles At Your Library |
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449 | (4) |
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453 | (1) |
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454 | (1) |
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26 Citing, Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing Sources |
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455 | (15) |
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446 | (12) |
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458 | (1) |
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Paraphrasing and Summarizing |
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459 | (4) |
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Framing Quotes, Paraphrases, and Summaries |
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463 | (2) |
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465 | (3) |
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Ideas and Words Taken without Attribution |
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The Real Problem with Plagiarism |
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468 | (1) |
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469 | (1) |
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470 | (23) |
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471 | (2) |
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When the Author's Name Appears in the Sentence |
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Citing More Than One Source in the Same Sentence |
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Citing a Source Multiple Times |
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Other Parenthetical References |
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Preparing the List of Works Cited |
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473 | (3) |
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Including More Than One Source from an Author |
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Formatting a List of Works Cited |
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Citing Sources in the List of Works Cited |
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476 | (9) |
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Citing Books and Other Nonperiodical Publications |
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Citing Journals, Magazines, and Other Periodicals |
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Citing Other Kinds of Sources |
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A Student's MLA-Style Research Paper: Brian Naidus, "A Whole New World: A Background on the Life of the Freshwater Shark" |
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485 | (8) |
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493 | (25) |
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493 | (3) |
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When the Author's Name Appears in the Sentence |
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Citing More Than One Source in the Same Sentence |
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Citing a Source Multiple Times |
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Other Parenthetical References |
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Preparing the List of References |
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496 | (3) |
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Formatting a List of References in APA Style |
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Citing Sources in the List of References |
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499 | (8) |
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Citing Books and Other Nonperiodical Publications |
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Citing Journals, Magazines, and Other Periodicals |
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Citing Other Kinds of Sources |
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A Student's APA-Style Research Paper: Austin Duus, "Assortive Mating and Income Inequality" |
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507 | (11) |
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PART 6 Getting Your Ideas Out There |
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29 Writing with Social Networking |
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518 | (9) |
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518 | (1) |
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Creating a Social Networking Site |
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519 | (1) |
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Choose the Best Site for You |
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Be Selective About Your "Friends" |
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Update Your Profile Regularly |
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520 | (2) |
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Choose a Host Site for Your Blog |
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Writing and Updating Your Blog |
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Writing Articles for Wikis |
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522 | (1) |
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Add Your Article to the Wiki |
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Putting Videos and Podcasts on the Internet |
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523 | (2) |
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Create Your Own Video or Record Your Podcast |
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Upload Your Video or Podcast |
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525 | (1) |
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526 | (1) |
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527 | (13) |
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Two Basic Kinds of Portfolios |
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527 | (1) |
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Getting Started on Your Portfolio |
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528 | (1) |
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Step One Collect Your Work |
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529 | (1) |
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Archiving for a Specific Course |
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Archiving for Your College Career |
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Archiving for Your Professional Career |
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Step Two Select the Best Artifacts |
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530 | (1) |
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Step Three Reflect on Your Work |
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531 | (1) |
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Your Reflection as an Argument |
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Step Four Present Your Materials |
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531 | (4) |
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Keeping Your Portfolio Up to Date |
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535 | (1) |
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Creating a Starter Resume |
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536 | (2) |
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538 | (1) |
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539 | (1) |
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31 Succeeding on Written Exams and Assessments |
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540 | (10) |
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Step One Prepare for the Exam |
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541 | (2) |
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Ask Your Professor About the Exam |
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Pay Attention to Themes and Key Concepts |
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Study the Assessment Rubric or Scoring Guidelines |
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Create Your Own Questions and Rehearse Possible Answers |
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Step Two Start Your Written Exam |
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543 | (1) |
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Review the Exam Quickly to Gain an Overall Picture |
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Step Three Answer the Questions |
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543 | (2) |
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Step Four Complete the Written Exam |
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545 | (3) |
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One Student's Written Exam |
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545 | (3) |
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548 | (1) |
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549 | (1) |
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550 | (12) |
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Step One Plan Your Presentation |
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551 | (2) |
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Ask a Few Key Questions to Get Started |
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Choose the Appropriate Presentation Technology |
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Step Two Organize Your Ideas |
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553 | (3) |
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Introduction: Tell Them What You're Going to Tell Them |
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The Body of Your Talk: Tell Them |
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Conclusion: Tell Them What You Told Them |
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Step Three Design Your Visual Aids |
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556 | (1) |
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Step Four Prepare Your Delivery |
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557 | (2) |
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Step Five Practice and Rehearse |
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559 | (1) |
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Practice, Practice, Practice |
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Rehearse, Rehearse, Rehearse |
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560 | (1) |
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561 | (1) |
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562 | (43) |
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562 | (14) |
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576 | (5) |
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581 | (4) |
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585 | (4) |
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5 Punctuation, Mechanics, and Spelling |
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589 | (16) |
Credits |
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605 | (4) |
Index |
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609 | |