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Architectural Graphic Standards 12th Edition, Student Edition [Minkštas viršelis]

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ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHIC STANDARDS THE LANDMARK UPDATE OF THE MOST RECOGNIZED STUDENT RESOURCE IN ARCHITECTURE

The Student Edition of the iconic Architectural Graphic Standards has been a rite of passage for architecture, building, and engineering students for more than eighty years. Thoughtfully distilled from the Twelfth Edition of Architectural Graphic Standards and reorganized to meet the specific needs of todays students, this fully updated Student Edition shows you how to take a design idea through the entire planning and documentation process. This potent resource stays with you through your academic experience and into your first years as a professional with thousands of useful illustrations and hundreds of architectural elements conveniently placed at your fingertips. Presented in a format closely resembling an architects actual workflow, this Twelfth Edition student handbook features:





Completely new material on resiliency in buildings A versatile treatment written for the design studio setting and aligned with the most current curricular trends, including new and updated coverage on topics related to sustainability, digital fabrication, and building information modeling (BIM) A proven pedagogy that saves students time and ensures young professionals avoid the most common pitfalls

Develop a state-of-the-art mastery of design best practices with Architectural Graphic Standards, Twelfth Edition, Student Edition.
A Note From The Publisher xi
A Note From The Aia xii
Architects' Tributes To Architectural Graphic Standards xiii
Introduction xvi
Preface xviii
SECTION 1 DESIGN PRINCIPLES & CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION
1(90)
Chapter 1 Functional Planning
3(28)
Human Factors
4(1)
Anthropometrics and Ergonomics
4(1)
Human Behavior
4(1)
Anthropometric Data
4(5)
Universal and Accessible Design
9(1)
Universal Design
9(3)
Accessible Design
12(3)
Technical Criteria
15(15)
Public Restrooms
30(1)
Chapter 2 Environment
31(22)
Environmental Factors
32(1)
Solar Radiation and Building Orientation
32(1)
Solar Constant
32(1)
Orientation and True North
33(1)
Solar Time
34(1)
Solar Path and Solar Angle
35(1)
Solar Angles
35(1)
Solar Path Diagrams
35(2)
Solar Position and Heat Gain
37(1)
Climate Zone
38(1)
Designing for Cold and Underheated Climates
38(2)
Designing for Hot Arid Climates
40(1)
Designing for Humid, Overheated Climates
40(1)
Thermal Comfort
41(1)
Climate Data
41(2)
Daylighting
43(1)
Daylighting Design
43(2)
Acoustics
45(1)
Designing for Sound
45(8)
Chapter 3 Resilience In Buildings
53(24)
Overview
54(1)
Components of Building Resilience
55(1)
The 4Rs
55(1)
Asset (Building) Resilience and Community Resilience
55(1)
Resilience Management-Based Building Designs
56(1)
Community Resilience
57(1)
Hazard-Specific Considerations
58(1)
Overview
58(1)
Durability
58(1)
Long-Term Performance
58(1)
Climate Change
59(1)
Technological Obsolescence
59(1)
Maintainability
59(1)
Safety
59(1)
Gravitational and Lateral Loads
59(5)
Shelter
64(1)
Flood
65(1)
Fire
65(2)
Security
67(1)
Blast Resistance
67(1)
Ballistic Protection
68(1)
Forced Entry/Physical Attack Resistance
69(1)
Cybersecurity
70(1)
Sustainability
71(1)
Energy and Environmental Impact
71(1)
Passive survivability
71(1)
Good Practices
72(1)
Overview
72(1)
Building Function and Tenants
72(1)
Building Siting and Layout
72(1)
Passive Design
72(1)
Active Systems
72(1)
Continued Operations Goals
73(1)
Crime Prevention
73(1)
CPTED Concepts
73(1)
Strategies
74(1)
Subdivisions and Office Parks
74(1)
Multi-Family Dwellings
74(1)
Lifecycle Considerations
75(1)
Overview
75(1)
Short-Term versus Long Term Resilience Planning
75(2)
Chapter 4 Architectural Construction Documentation
77(14)
Procurement Documents
78(1)
Drawings
79(1)
Ideology of Construction Drawings
79(1)
National CAD Standard
79(1)
Organization
79(1)
Drawing Conventions
79(3)
Symbol Classification Structure
82(1)
Construction Specifications
83(1)
Introduction
83(1)
OmniClass Construction Classification System
83(1)
UniFormat
83(1)
MasterFormat
84(1)
SectionFormat
84(1)
Implementing Sustainable Products and Procedures
84(1)
Building Information Modeling (BIM)
85(1)
How BIM Overcomes the Limitations of CAD
85(6)
SECTION 2 MATERIALS
91(82)
Chapter 5 Concrete
93(14)
Concrete Forming and Accessories
94(1)
General
94(1)
Concrete Formwork
94(1)
Concrete Formwork for Columns and Footings
95(1)
Concrete Formwork for Walls
96(1)
Concrete Formwork for Slabs and Beams
97(1)
Concrete Formwork Accessories
98(1)
Concrete Reinforcing
99(1)
General
99(1)
Reinforcing Steel, Welded Wire Fabric Reinforcing, Stressing Tendons, and Fibrous Reinforcing
99(2)
Placement of Steel Reinforcing
101(2)
Typical Components Applicable to Concrete Work
103(1)
Cast-in-Place Concrete
103(1)
Concrete Admixtures
103(1)
Supplementary Cementitious Materials
104(1)
Concrete Surfaces, Finishes, and Integral Color
104(2)
Concrete Coatings
106(1)
Chapter 6 Masonry
107(18)
Typical Components Applicable to Masonry Work
108(1)
Clay Masonry Units
108(1)
Concrete Masonry Units
109(1)
Glass Unit Masonry
110(1)
Glass Block: Design Data
110(1)
Stone Assemblies
110(1)
Stone Uses and Properties
110(2)
Stone Masonry Patterns and Veneer
112(2)
Stone Details
114(1)
Masonry Mortaring and Grouting
114(1)
Mortar and Grout
114(2)
Masonry Anchorage, Reinforcing, and Accessories
116(1)
Masonry Anchorage and Reinforcing
116(1)
Masonry Ties
117(2)
Masonry Accessories
119(1)
Masonry Movement Joints
119(2)
Installation Guidelines and Construction Tolerances
121(1)
Lintels
121(2)
Unit Masonry
123(1)
Columns and Pilasters
124(1)
Masonry Stairs
124(1)
Chapter 7 Metals
125(16)
Common Characteristics, Standards, and Practices
126(1)
Properties of Metals
126(2)
CNC Machining for Metalwork
128(1)
Finishes on Metals
128(2)
Typical Metal Products
130(1)
Structural Metal Framing
130(5)
Decorative Metal
135(1)
Decorative Metal Detailing
135(1)
Perforated Metals
136(2)
Installation Guidelines and Construction Tolerances
138(1)
Metal Fastenings
138(3)
Chapter 8 Wood
141(24)
Common Characteristics, Standards, and Practices
142(1)
Wood Materials
142(2)
Wood Classification
144(1)
Wood Classification---Softwood and Hardwood
144(1)
Wood Sources
144(1)
Forest Certification
144(1)
Reclaimed Wood
144(1)
Wood Treatment
144(1)
Wood Preservatives
144(2)
Fire-Resistant Construction
146(2)
Typical Wood and Composite Products
148(1)
Plywood Design Data
148(1)
Plywood Panel Types
149(3)
Wall and Roof Sheathing
152(1)
Plywood Subflooring on Wood Framing
153(1)
Plywood Sheathing for Roofs and Soffits
154(1)
Oriented Strand Board
155(1)
Panel Products and Wood Veneers
155(4)
Installation Guidelines and Construction Tolerances
159(1)
Wood Adhesives
159(2)
Nails
161(1)
Shields and Anchors
162(3)
Chapter 9 Glass
165(8)
Common Characteristics, Standards, and Practices
166(1)
Glass Products
166(2)
Thermal Resistance Values of Glazing Materials
168(1)
Solar Gain Through Fenestration Systems
168(2)
Properties of Glazing Materials Used in Manufactured Window Units
170(2)
Installation Guidelines, Details, and Construction Tolerances
172(1)
SECTION 3 BUILDING ELEMENTS
173(454)
Chapter 10 Element A: Substructure
175(28)
Soils and Soils Explorations
176(1)
Soils Definitions: Terms and Classifications
176(1)
Soil Studies and Reports
176(4)
Expansive Soils
180(1)
Radon in Soils
180(1)
Designing for Cold and Permafrost Climates
181(2)
Foundations
183(1)
General
183(1)
Settlement and Differential Settlement
183(1)
Standard Foundations
183(2)
Shallow Foundations
185(3)
Deep Foundations
188(3)
Seismic Base Isolation
191(1)
Cast-in-Place Concrete Slab
192(1)
General
192(1)
Subgrade
192(2)
Types of Slabs-on-Grades
194(1)
Crawl Space Construction
195(1)
Crawl Space Insulation and Ventilation
195(1)
Basement Construction
196(1)
Basement Walls
196(2)
Backfilling Against Basement Walls
198(5)
Chapter 11 Element B: Shell
203(160)
Design Considerations
204(1)
Climate and Energy
204(1)
Exterior Climatic Influence
204(1)
Interior Climatic Influence
205(1)
Considerations for Climate Zones
206(1)
Thermal Movement
206(3)
Sustainability and Energy
209(1)
Superstructure
210(1)
Long-Span and Tensile Structures
210(2)
Floor Assemblies
212(4)
Roof Assemblies
216(4)
Comparison of Systems
220(1)
Selected Floor Loads
221(1)
Concrete
222(5)
Concrete Stairs
227(1)
Structural Metal
228(2)
Space Frames
230(2)
Cold-Formed Metal Framing and Bracing
232(1)
Metal Floor Decking
233(3)
Metal Stairs
236(2)
Wood Framing
238(7)
Shop-Fabricated Structural Wood
245(1)
Heavy Timber Construction
246(3)
Glued-Laminated Construction
249(1)
Wood Decking
250(2)
Framing Details for Roofs
252(2)
Shop-Fabricated Wood Trusses
254(2)
Glued-Laminated Shapes
256(3)
Timber Frame Roof Decking
259(1)
Wood Stairs
259(1)
Composite Systems
260(3)
Glass Flooring
263(1)
Exterior Vertical Enclosures
263(1)
Exterior Walls
263(39)
Exterior Windows
302(17)
Exterior Doors
319(5)
Exterior Horizontal Enclosures
324(1)
Roofing Design Considerations
324(3)
Roof Coverings
327(29)
Roof Openings
356(7)
Chapter 12 Element C: Interiors
363(64)
Interior Construction
364(1)
Interior Partitions
364(12)
Wall Finishes
376(12)
Interior Windows and Glazing
388(3)
Interior Doors
391(11)
Interior Hardware
402(3)
Access Panels
405(1)
Interior Floor Construction
406(1)
Floor and Base Finishes
406(11)
Interior Ceiling Construction
417(1)
Ceiling Finishes
418(3)
Interior Specialties
421(6)
Chapter 13 Element D: Services
427(90)
Conveying
428(1)
Design considerations
428(1)
Elevators
428(6)
Escalators
434(1)
Plumbing
435(1)
Design Considerations
435(1)
Accessibility
435(1)
Sustainability
435(1)
Domestic Water Distribution
435(3)
Sanitary Waste
438(7)
Plumbing Fixtures
445(5)
Rainwater Drainage
450(4)
Graywater Systems
454(2)
Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC)
456(1)
Design Considerations
456(1)
Industry Standards
457(1)
Sustainability
457(1)
Climate and HVAC Systems
457(1)
Design Process
457(1)
Design Coordination
458(2)
HVAC System Types
460(2)
Heat Generation
462(4)
Refrigeration
466(3)
HVAC Distribution Arrangements and Components
469(9)
HVAC Delivery Components
478(3)
HVAC Control Systems
481(1)
Other HVAC Systems and Equipment
482(1)
Economizers
482(2)
Fire Protection
484(1)
Design Considerations
484(1)
Sprinkler Occupancy Hazard Classifications
485(1)
Types of Fires
485(1)
Sprinkler Heads
485(4)
Standpipes
489(1)
FDC Connection
489(1)
Fire-Protection Pumping Systems
489(2)
Rated/Nonrated Cabinets
491(1)
Fire-Protection Specialties
491(1)
Locating Pull Stations and Extinguishers
492(1)
Electrical
493(1)
Industry Standards
493(1)
Sustainability
493(1)
Transformers
493(2)
Lighting and Branch Wiring
495(3)
Electrical Panelboards and Circuit Breakers
498(1)
GFCI
499(6)
Lighting Control
505(1)
Light Trespass and Light Pollution
505(1)
Facility Power Generation: PV
505(2)
Other Electrical Systems
507(3)
Communications
510(1)
Design Considerations
510(1)
Telecommunications Systems
510(2)
Local Area Networks
512(1)
Building Management Systems
513(4)
Chapter 14 Element E: Equipment And Furnishings
517(48)
Equipment
518(1)
Vehicular and Pedestrian Equipment
518(3)
Commercial Equipment
521(5)
Institutional Equipment
526(3)
Sight Lines
529(1)
Human Factors and Audiovisual Design
530(1)
Audio Intelligibility
530(1)
Presentation Rooms
531(1)
AV Support Spaces
531(1)
Residential Equipment
531(4)
Entertainment and Recreational Equipment
535(7)
Furnishings
542(1)
Fixed Furnishings
542(9)
Movable Furnishings
551(14)
Chapter 15 Element F: Special Construction
565(16)
Manufactured---Fabricated Rooms
566(1)
Sound-Conditioned Rooms
566(1)
Saunas and Steam Baths
567(1)
Vaults
568(2)
Special Structures
570(1)
Fabric Structures
570(2)
Space Frames
572(1)
Manufactured Engineered Structures
573(1)
Metal Building Systems
573(3)
Special Function Construction
576(1)
Sound and Vibration Control
576(1)
Special Facilities Components
577(1)
Aquatic Facilities
577(3)
Athletic and Recreation Special Construction
580(1)
Chapter 16 Element G: Sitework
581(46)
Site Earthwork
582(1)
Slope Protection and Erosion Control
582(1)
Water Management
583(1)
Dewatering
583(1)
Basement Excavation
584(1)
Open-Cut Excavations
584(1)
Shored Excavation
584(1)
Lateral Support
584(2)
Site Grading
586(1)
Introduction
586(1)
Contours
586(1)
Slopes, Grades, and Spot Elevations
587(1)
Site Improvements
588(1)
Planning Considerations
588(3)
Parking Lots
591(1)
Design Considerations for Parking Lots
591(3)
Porous Pavements
594(1)
Porous Pavement Construction
594(1)
Alternative Porous Paving Materials
595(1)
Unit Paving
596(1)
Paver Selection
596(1)
Paver Preparation
597(1)
Pedestrian Paving
597(1)
Design Considerations
597(1)
Paving System Construction
597(3)
Exterior Stairs and Ramps
600(1)
Regulations
600(1)
Exterior versus Interior Design Standards
600(1)
Ramps
600(1)
Stair and Ramp Handrails
601(1)
Athletic and Recreational Areas
602(7)
Site Development
609(1)
Fountains and Decorative Pools
609(1)
Playgrounds
609(2)
Retaining Walls
611(4)
Landscaping
615(1)
Urban Tree Rooting
615(1)
Irrigation
615(1)
Trees, Plants, and Ground Covers
616(3)
Tree Planting in Urban Areas
619(2)
Selecting Plants for Rooftop Planting
621(1)
Rooftop Planting Details
621(1)
Graywater Wastewater Management
621(2)
Site Civil Utilities
623(1)
Subsurface Drainage Systems
623(1)
Storm Drainage Utilites
624(1)
Design Considerations for Surface Drainage Systems
624(1)
Porous Paving Systems
625(1)
Porous Paving Materials
625(1)
Design Considerations for Porous Paving Systems
625(1)
Site Electrical Utilities
626(1)
Site Lighting
626(1)
Appendices
627(18)
A Classical Architectural Elements
629(6)
B Mathematical Data
635(6)
C Structural Calculations
641(4)
Index 645
KEITH E. HEDGES is Associate Professor of architecture at Drury University. His teaching repertoire includes twenty courses for architecture and engineering degree programs, where his design courses and research have been nationally recognized by the AIA. He served on the advisory board for the Architectural Graphic Standards, Eleventh Edition, Student Edition.