| Preface |
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vii | |
| Principal symbols |
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xiii | |
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xvii | |
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Introduction to electromagnetic theory |
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1 | (26) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (6) |
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Charge continuity equation |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (2) |
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Energy flux of electromagnetic field |
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7 | (3) |
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Conservation law of the electromagnetic field |
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10 | (4) |
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Electromagnetic wave equations |
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14 | (13) |
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The Poynting vector and the Stokes parameter |
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16 | (5) |
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Harmonic time dependence and the Fourier transform |
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21 | (6) |
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Wave optics and polarization |
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27 | (54) |
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Electromagnetic theory of propagation |
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27 | (8) |
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Intensity of a light wave |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (4) |
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34 | (1) |
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Complex representation of monochromatic light waves |
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35 | (9) |
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37 | (3) |
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40 | (1) |
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Phase and group velocities |
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41 | (3) |
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Complex representation of non-monochromatic fields |
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44 | (13) |
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47 | (2) |
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Case of quasi-monochromatic light |
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49 | (2) |
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Successive wave-trains emitted by an atom |
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51 | (3) |
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Coherence length and coherence time |
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54 | (3) |
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Polarization of plane monochromatic waves |
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57 | (24) |
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Stokes vector representation |
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61 | (4) |
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Optical elements required for polarimetry |
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65 | (6) |
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71 | (3) |
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Transformation of Stokes parameters |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (2) |
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Interference and diffraction |
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81 | (46) |
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Fundamentals of interference |
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81 | (1) |
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Interference of two monochromatic waves |
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81 | (15) |
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Young's double-slit experiment |
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86 | (4) |
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Michelson's interferometer |
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90 | (4) |
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Mach-Zehnder interferometer |
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94 | (2) |
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Interference with quasi-monochromatic waves |
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96 | (6) |
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Propagation of mutual coherence |
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102 | (4) |
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Propagation laws for the mutual coherence |
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102 | (2) |
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Wave equations for the mutual coherence |
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104 | (2) |
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Degree of coherence from an extended incoherent source: partial coherence |
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106 | (6) |
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The van Cittert-Zernike theorem |
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107 | (3) |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (15) |
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Derivation of the diffracted field |
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114 | (3) |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (2) |
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Diffraction by a rectangular aperture |
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121 | (2) |
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Diffraction by a circular pupil |
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123 | (4) |
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127 | (32) |
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127 | (14) |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (1) |
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Optical transfer function |
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135 | (4) |
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Image in the presence of aberrations |
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139 | (2) |
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Imaging with partially coherent beams |
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141 | (8) |
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Effects of a transmitting object |
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141 | (2) |
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Transmission of mutual intensity |
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143 | (3) |
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Images of trans-illuminated objects |
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146 | (3) |
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149 | (10) |
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Resolving power of a telescope |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (3) |
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Theory of atmospheric turbulence |
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159 | (52) |
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159 | (2) |
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Basic formulations of atmospheric turbulence |
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161 | (18) |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (2) |
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Structure functions of the velocity field |
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166 | (1) |
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Kolmogorov spectrum of the velocity field |
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167 | (3) |
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Statistics of temperature fluctuations |
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170 | (2) |
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Refractive index fluctuations |
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172 | (4) |
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Experimental validation of structure constants |
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176 | (3) |
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Statistical properties of the propagated wave through turbulence |
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179 | (8) |
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Contribution of a thin layer |
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180 | (2) |
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Computation of phase structure function |
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182 | (2) |
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Effect of Fresnel diffraction |
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184 | (1) |
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Contribution of multiple turbulent layers |
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185 | (2) |
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Imaging in randomly inhomogeneous media |
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187 | (10) |
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188 | (4) |
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Atmospheric coherence length |
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192 | (3) |
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Atmospheric coherence time |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (14) |
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Variance due to angle of arrival |
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198 | (2) |
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200 | (1) |
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Temporal evolution of image motion |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (1) |
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Seeing at the telescope site |
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205 | (2) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (48) |
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211 | (9) |
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Statistical properties of speckle pattern |
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213 | (2) |
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Superposition of speckle patterns |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (4) |
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Speckle pattern interferometry with rough surface |
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220 | (7) |
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Principle of speckle correlation fringe formation |
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220 | (4) |
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Speckle correlation fringes by addition |
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224 | (1) |
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Speckle correlation fringes by subtraction |
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225 | (2) |
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Stellar speckle interferometry |
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227 | (19) |
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Outline of the theory of speckle interferometry |
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229 | (3) |
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Benefit of short-exposure images |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (2) |
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Noise reduction using Wiener filter |
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235 | (3) |
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Simulations to generate speckles |
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238 | (2) |
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240 | (3) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (2) |
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Pupil-plane interferometry |
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246 | (7) |
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Estimation of object modulus |
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246 | (2) |
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248 | (5) |
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Aperture synthesis with single telescope |
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253 | (6) |
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253 | (2) |
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255 | (2) |
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Non-redundant masking interferometer |
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257 | (2) |
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259 | (52) |
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259 | (5) |
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260 | (2) |
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262 | (2) |
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Wavefront analysis using Zernike polynomials |
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264 | (7) |
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Definition of Zernike polynomial and its properties |
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264 | (3) |
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Variance of wavefront distortions |
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267 | (2) |
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Statistics of atmospheric Zernike coefficients |
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269 | (2) |
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Elements of adaptive optics systems |
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271 | (40) |
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Steering/tip-tilt mirrors |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (2) |
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Deformable mirrors with discrete actuators |
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278 | (2) |
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Bimorph deformable mirror (BDM) |
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280 | (1) |
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Membrane deformable mirrors |
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281 | (3) |
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284 | (1) |
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Deformable mirror driver electronics |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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Shack Hartmann (SH) wavefront sensor |
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287 | (4) |
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291 | (2) |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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Zonal and modal approaches |
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296 | (2) |
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298 | (2) |
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Accuracy of the correction |
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300 | (4) |
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304 | (4) |
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Adaptive secondary mirror |
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308 | (1) |
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Multi-conjugate adaptive optics |
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309 | (2) |
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High resolution detectors |
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311 | (50) |
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311 | (20) |
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312 | (2) |
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314 | (4) |
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Detection of photo-electrons |
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318 | (5) |
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323 | (4) |
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327 | (4) |
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Charge-coupled device (CCD) |
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331 | (12) |
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334 | (2) |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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Charge Transfer efficiency |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (2) |
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341 | (2) |
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343 | (10) |
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CCD-based photon-counting system |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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Precision analog photon address (PAPA) camera |
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347 | (1) |
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Position sensing detectors |
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348 | (1) |
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349 | (4) |
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353 | (5) |
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Electron multiplying charge coupled device (EMCCD) |
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353 | (4) |
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Superconducting tunnel junction |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (3) |
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361 | (36) |
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Post-detection image reconstruction |
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361 | (21) |
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362 | (2) |
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Selective image reconstruction |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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Differential speckle interferometry |
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367 | (1) |
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Knox-Thomson technique (KT) |
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368 | (3) |
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Triple-correlation technique |
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371 | (4) |
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Deciphering phase from bispectrum |
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375 | (4) |
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Relationship between KT and TC |
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379 | (3) |
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Iterative deconvolution techniques |
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382 | (8) |
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383 | (1) |
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Blind iterative deconvolution (BID) technique |
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384 | (3) |
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Richardson-Lucy algorithm |
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387 | (1) |
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Maximum entropy method (MEM) |
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388 | (1) |
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389 | (1) |
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Miscellaneous iterative algorithms |
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390 | (1) |
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390 | (7) |
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392 | (2) |
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394 | (3) |
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397 | (78) |
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397 | (12) |
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398 | (2) |
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400 | (3) |
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Application of blackbody radiation concepts to stellar emission |
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403 | (2) |
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405 | (1) |
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406 | (2) |
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408 | (1) |
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Astronomical measurements |
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409 | (36) |
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Flux density and luminosity |
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409 | (3) |
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412 | (1) |
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413 | (1) |
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413 | (1) |
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414 | (1) |
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415 | (3) |
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418 | (1) |
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418 | (2) |
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420 | (2) |
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422 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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Color and magnitude transformation |
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424 | (1) |
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UBV transformation equations |
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425 | (2) |
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427 | (1) |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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431 | (1) |
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432 | (3) |
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Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram |
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435 | (3) |
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438 | (4) |
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Utility of stellar spectrum |
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442 | (3) |
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445 | (14) |
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445 | (1) |
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446 | (1) |
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447 | (1) |
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447 | (3) |
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450 | (2) |
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452 | (1) |
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453 | (1) |
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454 | (2) |
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456 | (3) |
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Conventional instruments at telescopes |
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459 | (9) |
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460 | (1) |
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461 | (3) |
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464 | (4) |
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468 | (7) |
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Methodology of occultation observation |
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469 | (3) |
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Science with occultation technique |
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472 | (3) |
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Astronomical applications |
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475 | (78) |
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High resolution imaging of extended objects |
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475 | (22) |
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476 | (1) |
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477 | (7) |
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484 | (5) |
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Solar interferometric observations |
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489 | (2) |
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Solar speckle observation during eclipse |
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491 | (2) |
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493 | (2) |
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495 | (2) |
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497 | (50) |
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Measurement of stellar diameter |
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497 | (3) |
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500 | (1) |
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500 | (3) |
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503 | (1) |
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504 | (2) |
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506 | (8) |
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514 | (4) |
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518 | (5) |
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523 | (3) |
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526 | (3) |
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529 | (2) |
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531 | (3) |
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Active galactic nuclei (AGN) |
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534 | (7) |
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541 | (1) |
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Impact of adaptive optics in astrophysics |
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542 | (5) |
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547 | (6) |
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Appendix A Typical tables |
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553 | (4) |
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Appendix B Basic mathematics for Fourier optics |
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557 | (20) |
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557 | (10) |
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Basic properties and theorem |
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558 | (3) |
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Discrete Fourier transform |
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561 | (1) |
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561 | (2) |
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563 | (1) |
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564 | (1) |
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Some important corollaries |
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565 | (1) |
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566 | (1) |
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567 | (2) |
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Probability, statistics, and random processes |
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569 | (8) |
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569 | (4) |
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573 | (2) |
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575 | (1) |
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575 | (2) |
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Appendix C Bispectrum and phase values using triple-correlation algorithm |
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577 | (2) |
| Bibliography |
|
579 | (16) |
| Index |
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595 | |
