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PART I Basic Principles of Diagnosis |
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3 | (12) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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Major Planes of the Body and Heart |
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6 | (1) |
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Basic Probe Manipulations |
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7 | (2) |
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Axial and Lateral Resolution |
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9 | (1) |
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Method for Comprehensive Cardiac Evaluation |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (3) |
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Determining the Laterality of the Fetal Body and Image Orientation |
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15 | (6) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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The Visceroatrial Arrangement (Situs) |
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21 | (8) |
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21 | (1) |
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Usual Arrangement (Situs Solitus) |
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21 | (2) |
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Mirror-Image Arrangement (Situs Inversus) |
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23 | (1) |
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Left Isomerism (Polysplenia) |
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24 | (2) |
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Right Isomerism (Asplenia) |
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26 | (2) |
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28 | (1) |
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The Cardiac Position and Axis Orientation |
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29 | (10) |
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29 | (1) |
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Heart in the Left Side of the Chest (Levocardia) |
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30 | (1) |
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Heart in the Middle of the Chest (Mesocardia) |
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31 | (1) |
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Heart in the Right Side of the Chest (Dextrocardia) |
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31 | (4) |
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Isomerism of the Atrial Appendages and Cardiac Position |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (2) |
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Principles of Segmental Analysis |
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39 | (12) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (2) |
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42 | (1) |
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The Atrioventricular Connection |
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42 | (2) |
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The Ventriculoarterial Connection |
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44 | (4) |
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48 | (3) |
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PART II Echocardiographic Projection |
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Transverse Views of the Fetal Body |
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The Transverse Views of the Upper Abdomen |
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51 | (8) |
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51 | (1) |
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The Umbilical Cord Insertion |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (3) |
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The Infracardiac Vena Cava |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (18) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-2D |
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60 | (3) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (1) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-Color Flow Mapping and Pulsed Doppler |
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65 | (1) |
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The Atrioventricular Valves |
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65 | (4) |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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Four-Chamber-View Checklist |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (10) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-2D |
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77 | (2) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-Color Flow Mapping and Pulsed Doppler |
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79 | (7) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (14) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-2D |
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88 | (1) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-Color Flow Mapping and Pulsed Doppler |
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88 | (1) |
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Three-Vessel-View Abnormalities |
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89 | (7) |
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Ascending Aorta and Pulmonary Artery Disproportion |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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Relationship of the Great Arteries and Cardiac Connections |
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96 | (3) |
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99 | (2) |
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The Arterial Duct Transverse View |
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101 | (12) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-2D |
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102 | (1) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-Color Flow Mapping and Pulsed Doppler |
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102 | (1) |
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The Arterial Duct-Reversed Flow |
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103 | (2) |
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The Arterial Duct-Short Length |
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105 | (1) |
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The Arterial Duct-Abonormal Shape |
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105 | (3) |
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The Arterial Duct-Premature Constriction or Closure |
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108 | (2) |
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The Arterial Duct-Abnormal Position |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (2) |
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The Aortic Arch Transverse View |
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113 | (10) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-2D |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-Color Flow Mapping and Pulsed Doppler |
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115 | (1) |
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Aortic Arch Abnormal Size |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (4) |
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121 | (2) |
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The Arterial Duct and Aortic Arch Transverse View |
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123 | (12) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-2D |
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123 | (1) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-Color Flow Mapping |
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124 | (2) |
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The Aortic Arch Abnormalities |
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126 | (1) |
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Severe Aortic Outflow Obstruction |
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126 | (1) |
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Severe Pulmonary Outflow Obstruction |
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126 | (2) |
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Pseudoatresia of the Pulmonary Valve |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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The Transverse View of the Fetal Body: an Overview |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (4) |
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Longitudinal Views of the Fetal Body |
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The Inferior and Superior Vena Cava Long-Axis View (The Bicaval View) |
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135 | (8) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (2) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-2D |
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137 | (1) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-Color Flow Mapping and Pulsed Doppler |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (3) |
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142 | (1) |
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The Aortic Arch Long-Axis View |
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143 | (12) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (2) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-2D |
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145 | (1) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-Color Flow Mapping and Pulsed Doppler |
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146 | (2) |
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The Aortic Arch Abnormalities |
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148 | (1) |
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Severe Aortic Outflow Obstructions |
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148 | (1) |
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Severe Pulmonary Outflow Obstructions |
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149 | (2) |
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Variability of the Plane of the Aortic Arch Long-Axis View |
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151 | (1) |
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The Aortic Arch in Mitral Valve Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (2) |
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The Arterial Duct Long-Axis View |
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155 | (10) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-2D |
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156 | (1) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-Color Flow Mapping and Pulsed Doppler |
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157 | (2) |
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Duct-Dependent Systemic Circulation |
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159 | (1) |
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Duct-Dependent Pulmonary Circulation |
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159 | (3) |
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The Arterial Duct-Premature Constriction or Closure |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (1) |
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Special Considerations on the Arterial Duct and Aortic Arch Views |
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165 | (4) |
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165 | (4) |
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The Right Ventride Outflow View |
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169 | (8) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-2D |
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171 | (1) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-Color Flow Mapping and Pulsed Doppler |
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171 | (6) |
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The Left Ventricle Short-Axis View |
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177 | (10) |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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The Level of the Mitral and Tricuspid Valves |
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177 | (1) |
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The Level of the Papillary Muscles |
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178 | (9) |
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Oblique Views of the Fetal Body |
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The Left Ventricle Long-Axis View |
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187 | (12) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (2) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-2D |
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189 | (1) |
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The Normal Echocardiogram-Color Flow Mapping and Pulsed Doppler |
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189 | (10) |
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PART III Echocardiographic and Morphologic Overview |
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Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Assessment of the FetalHeart |
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199 | (12) |
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199 | (1) |
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Technical Principles of 3D/4D Fetal Echocardiography |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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Real-Time 3D (Direct Volume Scan Real Time: Online 4D) |
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200 | (1) |
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STIC (Indirect Volume Scan, Motion Gated: Off-Line 4D) |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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Planes: One Plane, Multiplanar Orthogonal, and Multiplanar Tomography |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (7) |
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201 | (2) |
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Glass-Body Mode with Color Doppler |
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203 | (5) |
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Minimum Transparent and Inversion Mode |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (2) |
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210 | (1) |
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The Role of the Pathologist in the Diagnosis of Fetal Heart Disease |
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211 | (12) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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Exposure of the Heart and Great Vessels |
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212 | (1) |
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Heart Examination In Situ |
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212 | (1) |
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Removal of the Heart and Lung Block |
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213 | (1) |
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Methods of Heart Dissection |
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213 | (3) |
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Dissection Following Blood Flow |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (3) |
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216 | (1) |
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New Technique for the Autopsy |
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216 | (1) |
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Description of Cardiovascular Defects |
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217 | (1) |
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Iconographic Documentation |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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Exposure Time and Depth of Field |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (2) |
edits for Figures |
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223 | |