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El. knyga: Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering

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The Definitive Guide to Chemical Reaction Engineering Problem-Solving&;With Updated Content and More Active Learning

For decades, H. Scott Fogler&;s Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering has been the world&;s dominant chemical reaction engineering text. This Sixth Edition and integrated Web site deliver a more compelling active learning experience than ever before. Using sliders and interactive examples in Wolfram, Python, POLYMATH, and MATLAB, students can explore reactions and reactors by running realistic simulation experiments.

Writing for today&;s students, Fogler provides instant access to information, avoids extraneous details, and presents novel problems linking theory to practice. Faculty can flexibly define their courses, drawing on updated chapters, problems, and extensive Professional Reference Shelf web content at diverse levels of difficulty.

The book thoroughly prepares undergraduates to apply chemical reaction kinetics and physics to the design of chemical reactors. And four advanced chapters address graduate-level topics, including effectiveness factors. To support the field&;s growing emphasis on chemical reactor safety, each chapter now ends with a practical safety lesson.
  • Updates throughout the book reflect current theory and practice and emphasize safety
  • New discussions of molecular simulations and stochastic modeling
  • Increased emphasis on alternative energy sources such as solar and biofuels
  • Thorough reworking of three chapters on heat effects
  • Full chapters on nonideal reactors, diffusion limitations, and residence time distribution
About the Companion Web Site (umich.edu/~elements/5e/index.html)
  • Complete PowerPoint slides for lecture notes for chemical reaction engineering classes
  • Links to additional software, including POLYMATH&;, MATLAB&;, Wolfram Mathematica&;, AspenTech&;, and COMSOL&;
  • Interactive learning resources linked to each chapter, including Learning Objectives, Summary Notes, Web Modules, Interactive Computer Games, Solved Problems, FAQs, additional homework problems, and links to Learncheme
  • Living Example Problems&;unique to this book&;that provide more than 80 interactive simulations, allowing students to explore the examples and ask &;what-if&; questions
  • Professional Reference Shelf, which includes advanced content on reactors, weighted least squares, experimental planning, laboratory reactors, pharmacokinetics, wire gauze reactors, trickle bed reactors, fluidized bed reactors, CVD boat reactors, detailed explanations of key derivations, and more
  • Problem-solving strategies and insights on creative and critical thinking
Register your book for convenient access to downloads, updates, and/or corrections as they become available. See inside book for details.
Introduction xix
About The Author xxxiii
Chapter 1 Mole Balances
1(34)
1.1 The Rate of Reaction, -rA
4(4)
1.2 The General Mole Balance Equation (GMBE)
8(2)
1.3 Batch Reactors (BRs)
10(2)
1.4 Continuous-Flow Reactors
12(12)
1.4.1 Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)
12(2)
1.4.2 Tubular Reactor
14(4)
1.4.3 Packed-Bed Reactor (PBR)
18(2)
1.4.4 Well-Mixed "Fluidized" Catalytic Bed Reactor
20(4)
1.5 Industrial Reactors
24(1)
1.6 And Now A Word from Our Sponsor--Safety 1 (AWFOS-S1 Safety)
25(10)
1.6.1 What Is Chemical Process Safety?
25(1)
1.6.2 Why Study Process Safety?
25(10)
Chapter 2 Conversion And Reactor Sizing
35(40)
2.1 Definition of Conversion
36(1)
2.2 Batch Reactor Design Equations
36(3)
2.3 Design Equations for Flow Reactors
39(3)
2.3.1 CSTR (Also Known as a Backmix Reactor or a Vat)
40(1)
2.3.2 Tubular Flow Reactor (PFR)
40(1)
2.3.3 Packed-Bed Reactor (PBR)
41(1)
2.4 Sizing Continuous-Flow Reactors
42(9)
2.5 Reactors in Series
51(11)
2.5.1 CSTRs in Series
52(4)
2.5.2 PFRs in Series
56(1)
2.5.3 Combinations of CSTRs and PFRs in Series
57(4)
2.5.4 Comparing the CSTR and PFR Volumes and Reactor Sequencing
61(1)
2.6 Some Further Definitions
62(4)
2.6.1 SpaceTime
62(2)
2.6.2 Space Velocity
64(2)
2.7 And Now A Word from Our Sponsor--Safety 2 (AWFOS-S2 The NFPA Diamond)
66(9)
Chapter 3 RATE LAWS
75(42)
3.1 Basic Definitions
76(2)
3.1.1 Relative Rates of Reaction
77(1)
3.2 The Rate Law
78(11)
3.2.1 Power Law Models and Elementary Rate Laws
79(3)
3.2.2 Nonelementary Rate Laws
82(4)
3.2.3 Reversible Reactions
86(3)
3.3 The Reaction-Rate Constant
89(11)
3.3.1 The Rate Constant k and Its Temperature Dependence
89(1)
3.3.2 Interpretation of the Activation Energy
90(6)
3.3.3 The Arrhenius Plot
96(4)
3.4 Molecular Simulations
100(1)
3.4.1 Historical Perspective
100(1)
3.4.2 Stochastic Modeling of Reactions
101(2)
3.5 Present Status of Our Approach to Reactor Sizing and Design
103(1)
3.6 And Now A Word from Our Sponsor--Safety 3 (AWFOS-S3 The GHS Diamond)
104(13)
Chapter 4 Stoichiometry
117(38)
4.1 Batch Reactors (BRs)
119(6)
4.1.1 Batch Concentrations for the Generic Reaction, Equation (2-2)
121(4)
4.2 Flow Systems
125(13)
4.2.1 Equations for Concentrations in Flow Systems
126(1)
4.2.2 Liquid-Phase Concentrations
126(1)
4.2.3 Gas-Phase Concentrations
127(11)
4.3 Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium Conversion
138(5)
4.4 And Now A Word from Our Sponsor--Safety 4 (AWFOS-S4 The Swiss Cheese Model)
143(12)
Chapter 5 Isothermal Reactor Design: Conversion
155(1)
5.1 Design Structure for Isothermal Reactors
156(4)
5.2 Batch Reactors (BRs)
160(1)
5.2.1 Batch Reaction Times
161(7)
5.3 Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs)
168(1)
5.3.1 A Single CSTR
168(3)
5.3.2 CSTRsin Series
171(7)
5.4 Tubular Reactors
178(1)
5.4.1 Liquid-Phase Reactions in a PFR υ = υ0
179(1)
5.4.2 Gas-Phase Reactions in a PFR[ υ = υ0(1+εX) (T/T0)(P0/P)]
180(1)
5.4.3 Effect of υ on Conversion
180(5)
5.5 Pressure Drop in Reactors
185(1)
5.5.1 Pressure Drop and the Rate Law
185(2)
5.5.2 Flow Through a Packed Bed
187(4)
5.5.3 Pressure Drop in Pipes
191(3)
5.5.4 Analytical Solution for Reaction with Pressure Drop
194(4)
5.5.5 Robert the Worrier Wonders: What If...
198(10)
5.6 Synthesizing the Design of a Chemical Plant
208(2)
5.7 And Now A Word from Our Sponsor--Safety 5 (AWFOS-S5 A Safety Analysis of the Incident Algorithm)
210(19)
Chapter 6 Isothermal Reactor Design: Moles And Molar Flow Rates
229(40)
6.1 The Moles and Molar Flow Rate Balance Algorithms
230(1)
6.2 Mole Balances on CSTRs, PFRs, PBRs, and Batch Reactors
230(4)
6.2.1 Liquid Phase
230(2)
6.2.2 Gas Phase
232(2)
6.3 Application of the PFR Molar Flow Rate Algorithm to a Microreactor
234(5)
6.4 Membrane Reactors
239(9)
6.5 Unsteady-State Operation of Stirred Reactors
248(1)
6.6 Semibatch Reactors
249(7)
6.6.1 Motivation for Using a Semibatch Reactor
249(1)
6.6.2 Semibatch Reactor Mole Balances
249(6)
6.6.3 Equilibrium Conversion
255(1)
6.7 And Now A Word from Our Sponsor--Safety 6 (AWFOS-S6 The BowTie Diagram)
256(13)
Chapter 7 Collection And Analysis Of Rate Data
269(40)
7.1 The Algorithm for Data Analysis
270(2)
7.2 Determining the Reaction Order for Each of Two Reactants Using the Method of Excess
272(1)
7.3 Integral Method
273(4)
7.4 Differential Method of Analysis
277(1)
7.4.1 Graphical Differentiation Method
278(1)
7.4.2 Numerical Method
278(1)
7.4.3 Ending the Rate-Law Parameters
279(5)
7.5 Nonlinear Regression
284(6)
7.5.1 Concentration-Time Data
287(3)
7.5.2 Model Discrimination
290(1)
7.6 Reaction-Rate Data from Differential Reactors
290(7)
7.7 Experimental Planning
297(1)
7.8 And Now A Word from Our Sponsor--Safety 7 (AWFOS-S7 Laboratory Safety)
297(12)
Chapter 8 Multiple Reactions
309(58)
8.1 Definitions
310(3)
8.1.1 Types of Reactions
310(1)
8.1.2 Selectivity
311(1)
8.1.3 Yield
312(1)
8.1.4 Conversion
313(1)
8.2 Algorithm for Multiple Reactions
313(3)
8.2.1 Modifications to the
Chapter 6 CRE Algorithm for Multiple Reactions
314(2)
8.3 Parallel Reactions
316(9)
8.3.1 Selectivity
316(1)
8.3.2 Maximizing the Desired Product for One Reactant
316(6)
8.3.3 Reactor Selection and Operating Conditions
322(3)
8.4 Reactions in Series
325(10)
8.5 Complex Reactions
335(8)
8.5.1 Complex Gas-Phase Reactions in a PBR
335(4)
8.5.2 Complex Liquid-Phase Reactions in a CSTR
339(2)
8.5.3 Complex Liquid-Phase Reactions in a Semibatch Reactor
341(2)
8.6 Membrane Reactors to Improve Selectivity in Multiple Reactions
343(5)
8.7 Sorting It All Out
348(1)
8.8 The Fun Part
348(1)
8.9 And Now A Word from Our Sponsor--Safety 8 (AWFOS-S8 The Fire Triangle)
349(18)
8.9.1 The Fire Triangle
350(1)
8.9.2 Defining Some Important Terms
350(1)
8.9.3 Ways to Prevent Fires
350(1)
8.9.4 Ways to Protect from Fires
351(16)
Chapter 9 Reaction Mechanisms, Pathways, Bioreactions, And Bioreactors
367(74)
9.1 Active Intermediates and Nonelementary Rate Laws
368(9)
9.1.1 Pseudo-Steady-State Hypothesis (PSSH)
369(3)
9.1.2 If Two Molecules Must Collide, How Can the Rate Law Be First Order?
372(1)
9.1.3 Searching for a Mechanism
373(4)
9.1.4 Chain Reactions
377(1)
9.2 Enzymatic Reaction Fundamentals
377(14)
9.2.1 Enzyme-Substrate Complex
378(2)
9.2.2 Mechanisms
380(3)
9.2.3 Michaelis-Menten Equation
383(6)
9.2.4 Batch Reactor Calculations for Enzyme Reactions
389(2)
9.3 Inhibition of Enzyme Reactions
391(1)
9.3.1 Competitive Inhibition
392(2)
9.3.2 Uncompetitive Inhibition
394(2)
9.3.3 Noncompetitive Inhibition (Mixed Inhibition)
396(2)
9.3.4 Substrate Inhibition
398(1)
9.4 Bioreactors and Biosynthesis
399(23)
9.4.1 Cell Growth
403(1)
9.4.2 Rate Laws
404(3)
9.4.3 Stoichiometry
407(6)
9.4.4 Moss Balances
413(5)
9.4.5 Chemostats
418(1)
9.4.6 CSTR Bioreactor Operation
418(1)
9.4.7 Washout
419(3)
9.5 And Now A Word from Our Sponsor--Safety 9 (AWFOS-S9 Process Safety Triangle)
422(19)
9.5.1 Levels of the Process Safety Triangle
422(1)
9.5.2 Application to Process Safety
423(1)
9.5.3 Examples of Process Safety Triangle
424(17)
Chapter 10 Catalysis And Catalytic Reactors
441(100)
10.1 Catalysts
441(6)
10.1.1 Definitions
442(1)
10.1.2 Catalyst Properties
443(2)
10.1.3 Catalytic Gas-Solid Interactions
445(1)
10.1.4 Classification of Catalysts
446(1)
10.2 Steps in a Catalytic Reaction
447(3)
10.2.1 Mass Transfer Step 1: Diffusion from the Bulk to the External Surface of the Catalyst--An Overview
450(1)
10.2.2 Mass Transfer Step 2: Internal Diffusion--An Overview
451(1)
10.2.3 Adsorption Isotherms
452(6)
10.2.4 Surface Reaction
458(2)
10.2.5 Desorption
460(1)
10.2.6 The Rate-Limiting Step
461(2)
10.3 Synthesizing a Rate Law, Mechanism, and Rate-Limiting Step
463(3)
10.3.1 Is the Adsorption of Cumene Rate-Limiting?
466(4)
10.3.2 Is the Surface Reaction Rate-Limiting?
470(1)
10.3.3 Is the Desorption of Benzene the Rate-Limiting Step (RLS)?
471(2)
10.3.4 Summary of the Cumene Decomposition
473(1)
10.3.5 Reforming Catalysts
474(4)
10.3.6 Rate Laws Derived from the Pseudo-Steady-State Hypothesis (PSSH)
478(1)
10.3.7 Temperature Dependence of the Rate Law
479(1)
10.4 Heterogeneous Data Analysis for Reactor Design
479(11)
10.4.1 Deducing a Rate Law from the Experimental Data
481(1)
10.4.2 Finding a Mechanism Consistent with Experimental Observations
482(2)
10.4.3 Evaluation of the Rate-Law Parameters
484(2)
10.4.4 Reactor Design
486(4)
10.5 Reaction Engineering in Microelectronic Fabrication
490(3)
10.5.1 Overview
490(1)
10.5.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
490(3)
10.6 Model Discrimination
493(3)
10.7 Catalyst Deactivation
496(11)
10.7.1 Types of Catalyst Deactivation
498(7)
10.7.2 Decay in Packed-Bed Reactors
505(2)
10.8 Reactors That Can Be Used to Help Offset Catalyst Decay
507(12)
10.8.1 Temperature-Time Trajectories
508(2)
10.8.2 Moving-Bed Reactors
510(5)
10.8.3 Straight-Through Transport Reactors (STIR)
515(4)
10.9 And Now A Word from Our Sponsor--Safety 10 (AWFOS-S10 Exxon Mobil Torrance Refinery Explosion Involving a Straight-Through Transport Reactor [ STTR])
519(22)
Chapter 11 Nonisothermal Reactor Design: The Steady-State Energy Balance And Adiabatic PFR applications
541(50)
11.1 Rationale
542(1)
11.2 The Energy Balance
543(8)
11.2.1 First Law of Thermodynamics
543(1)
11.2.2 Evaluating the Work Term
544(2)
11.2.3 Overview of Energy Balances
546(5)
11.3 The User-Friendly Energy Balance Equations
551(6)
11.3.1 Dissecting the Steady-State Molar Flow Rates to Obtain the Heat of Reaction
551(2)
11.3.2 Dissecting the Enthalpies
553(1)
11.3.3 Relating ΔHRx(T), ΔH°Rx(Tr), and ΔCP
554(3)
11.4 Adiabatic Operation: Q = 0
557(9)
11.4.1 Adiabatic Energy Balance
557(1)
11.4.2 Adiabatic Tubular Reactor
558(8)
11.5 Adiabatic Equilibrium Conversion
566(5)
11.5.1 Equilibrium Conversion
566(5)
11.6 Reactor Staging with Interstage Cooling or Heating
571(4)
11.6.1 Exothermic Reactions
571(1)
11.6.2 Endothermic Reactions
571(4)
11.7 Optimum Feed Temperature
575(4)
11.8 And Now... A Word from Our Sponsor--Safety 11 (AWFOS-S11 Acronyms)
579(12)
Chapter 12 Steady-State Nonisothermal Reactor Design: Flow Reactors With Heat Exchange
591(90)
12.1 Steady-State Tubular Reactor with Heat Exchange
592(3)
12.1.1 Deriving the Energy Balance for a PFR
592(2)
12.1.2 Applying the Algorithm to Flow Reactors with Heat Exchange
594(1)
12.2 Balance on the Heat-Transfer Fluid
595(3)
12.2.1 Co-Current Flow
595(2)
12.2.2 Countercurrent Flow
597(1)
12.3 Examples of the Algorithm for PFR/PBR Design with Heat Effects
598(21)
12.3.1 Applying the Algorithm to an Exothermic Reaction
603(7)
12.3.2 Applying the Algorithm to an Endothermic Reaction
610(9)
12.4 CSTR with Heat Effects
619(11)
12.4.1 Heat Added to the Reactor, Q
620(10)
12.5 Multiple Steady States (MSS)
630(7)
12.5.1 Heat-Removed Term, R(T)
632(1)
12.5.2 Heat-Generated Term, G(T)
633(1)
12.5.3 Ignition-Extinction Curve
634(3)
12.6 Nonisothermal Multiple Chemical Reactions
637(1)
12.6.1 Energy Balance for Multiple Reactions in Plug-Flow Reactors
637(5)
12.6.2 Energy Balance for Multiple Reactions in a CSTR
642(1)
12.6.3 Series Reactions in a CSTR
642(3)
12.6.4 Complex Reactions in a PFR
645(7)
12.7 Radial and Axial Temperature Variations in a Tubular Reactor
652(1)
12.8 And Now A Word from Our Sponsor--Safety 12 (AWFOS-S12 Safety Statistics)
652(29)
12.8.1 The Process Safety Across the Chemical Engineering Curriculum Website
652(1)
12.8.2 Safety Statistics
653(1)
12.8.3 Additional Resources CCPS and SAChE
654(27)
Chapter 13 Unsteady-State Nonisothermal Reactor Design
681(58)
13.1 The Unsteady-State Energy Balance
682(2)
13.2 Energy Balance on Batch Reactors (BRs)
684(16)
13.2.1 Adiabatic Operation of a Batch Reactor
686(7)
13.2.2 Case History of a Batch Reactor with Interrupted Isothermal Operation Causing a Runaway Reaction
693(7)
13.3 Batch and Semibatch Reactors with a Heat Exchanger
700(11)
13.3.1 Startup of a CSTR
702(5)
13.3.2 Semibatch Operation
707(4)
13.4 Nonisothermal Multiple Reactions
711(12)
13.5 And Now A Word from Our Sponsor--Safety 13 (AWFOS-S13 Safety Analysis of the T2 Laboratories Incident)
723(16)
Chapter 14 Mass Transfer Limitations In Reacting Systems
739(1)
14.1 Diffusion Fundamentals
740(1)
14.1.1 Definitions
741(1)
14.1.2 Molar Flux: WA
742(1)
14.1.3 Fick's First Law
743(1)
14.2 Binary Diffusion
744(4)
14.2.1 Evaluating the Molar Flux
744(1)
14.2.2 Diffusion and Convective Transport
744(2)
14.2.3 Boundary Conditions
746(1)
14.2.4 Temperature and Pressure Dependence of DAB
746(2)
14.3 Modeling Diffusion with Chemical Reaction
748(2)
14.3.1 Diffusion through a Stagnant Film to a Particle
748(2)
14.4 The Mass Transfer Coefficient
750(2)
14.5 Mass Transfer to a Single Particle
752(6)
14.5.1 First-Order Rate Laws
752(2)
14.5.2 Limiting Regimes
754(4)
14.6 The Shrinking Core Model
758(5)
14.6.1 Dust Explosions, Particle Dissolution, and Catalyst Regeneration
758(5)
14.7 Mass Transfer-Limited Reactions in Packed Beds
763(3)
14.8 Robert the Worrier
766(4)
14.9 What If...? (Parameter Sensitivity)
770(8)
14.10 And Now A Word from Our Sponsor--Safety 14 (AWFOS-S14 Sugar Dust Explosion)
778(13)
Chapter 15 Diffusion And Reaction
791(52)
15.1 Diffusion and Reactions in Homogeneous Systems
792(1)
15.2 Diffusion and Reactions in Spherical Catalyst Pellets
793(9)
15.2.1 Effective Diffusivity
793(2)
15.2.2 Derivation of the Differential Equation Describing Diffusion and Reaction in a Single Spherical Catalyst Pellet
795(3)
15.2.3 Writing the Diffusion with the Catalytic Reaction Equation in Dimensionless Form
798(3)
15.2.4 Solution to the Differential Equation for a First-Order Reaction
801(1)
15.3 The Internal Effectiveness Factor
802(7)
15.3.1 Isothermal First-Order Catalytic Reactions
802(4)
15.3.2 Effectiveness Factors with Volume Change with Reaction
806(1)
15.3.3 Internal-Diffusion-Limited Reactions Other Than First Order
806(1)
15.3.4 Weisz-Prater Criterion for Internal Diffusion Limitations
807(2)
15.4 Falsified Kinetics
809(2)
15.5 Overall Effectiveness Factor
811(5)
15.6 Estimation of Diffusion- and Reaction-Limited Regimes
816(1)
15.6.1 Mears Criterion/or External Diffusion Limitations
816(1)
15.7 Mass Transfer and Reaction in a Packed Bed
817(6)
15.8 Determination of Limiting Situations from Reaction-Rate Data
823(1)
15.9 Multiphase Reactors in the Professional Reference Shelf
824(2)
15.9.1 Slurry Reactors
825(1)
15.9.2 Trickle Bed Reactors
826(1)
15.10 Fluidized Bed Reactors
826(1)
15.11 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
826(1)
15.12 And Now A Word from Our Sponsor--Safety 15 (AWFOS-S15 Critical Thinking Questions Applied to Safety)
826(17)
Chapter 16 Residence Time Distributions Of Chemical Reactors
843(44)
16.1 General Considerations
844(2)
16.1.1 Residence Time Distribution (RTD) Function
845(1)
16.2 Measurement of the RTD
846(7)
16.2.1 Pulse Input Experiment
847(5)
16.2.2 Step Tracer Experiment
852(1)
16.3 Characteristics of the RTD
853(7)
16.3.1 Integral Relationships
853(1)
16.3.2 Mean Residence Time
854(1)
16.3.3 Other Moments of the RTD
855(4)
16.3.4 Normalized RTD Function, E(O)
859(1)
16.3.5 Internal-Age Distribution, I(α)
859(1)
16.4 RTD in Ideal Reactors
860(6)
16.4.1 RTDs in Batch and Plug-Flow Reactors
860(1)
16.4.2 Single-CSTR RTD
861(2)
16.4.3 Laminar-Flow Reactor (LFR)
863(3)
16.5 PFR/CSTR Series RTD
866(3)
16.6 Diagnostics and Troubleshooting
869(7)
16.6.1 General Comments
869(1)
16.6.2 Simple Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Using the RTD for Ideal Reactors
870(6)
16.7 And Now A Word from Our Sponsor--Safety 16 (AWFOS-S16 Critical Thinking Actions)
876(11)
Chapter 17 Predicting Conversion Directly From The Residence Time Distribution
887(42)
17.1 Modeling Nonideal Reactors Using the RTD
888(2)
17.1.1 Modeling and Mixing Overview
888(1)
17.1.2 Mixing
888(2)
17.2 Zero Adjustable Parameter Models
890(17)
17.2.1 Segregation Model
890(10)
17.2.2 Maximum Mixedness Model
900(7)
17.3 Using Software Packages Such as Polymath to Find Maximum Mixedness Conversion
907(3)
17.3.1 Comparing Segregation and Maximum Mixedness Predictions
909(1)
17.4 Tanks-in-Series One Parameter Model, n
910(2)
17.4.1 Find the Number of T-I-S to Model the Real Reactor
911(1)
17.4.2 Calculating Conversion for the T-I-S Model
912(1)
17.4.3 Tanks-in-Series versus Segregation for a First-Order Reaction
912(1)
17.5 RTD and Multiple Reactions
912(5)
17.5.1 Segregation Model
912(1)
17.5.2 Maximum Mixedness
913(4)
17.6 And Now A Word from Our Sponsor--Safety 17 (AWFOS-S17 Brief Case History on an Air Preheater)
917(12)
Chapter 18 Models For Nonideal Reactors
929(62)
18.1 Some Guidelines for Developing Models
930(3)
18.1.1 One-Parameter Models
932(1)
18.1.2 Two-Parameter Models
932(1)
18.2 Flow and Axial Dispersion of Inert Tracers in Isothermal Reactors
933(4)
18.2.1 Balances on Inert Tracers
933(2)
18.2.2 Boundary Conditions for Flow and Reaction
935(2)
18.3 Flow, Reaction, and Axial Dispersion
937(4)
18.3.1 Balance Equations
937(1)
18.3.2 Solution for a Closed-Closed System
938(3)
18.4 Flow, Reaction, and Axial Dispersion in Isothermal Laminar-Flow Reactors and Finding Meno
941(10)
18.4.1 Determine the Dispersion Coefficient (DJ and the Peclet Number (Per)
941(3)
18.4.2 Correlations for Da
944(1)
18.4.3 Dispersion in Packed Beds
944(1)
18.4.4 Experimental Determination of D3
944(7)
18.5 Tanks-in-Series Model versus Dispersion Model
951(1)
18.6 Numerical Solutions to Flows with Dispersion and Reaction
952(4)
18.7 Nonisothermal Flow with Radial and Axial Variations in a Tubular Reactor
956(8)
18.7.1 Molar Flux
956(2)
18.7.2 Energy Flux
958(1)
18.7.3 Energy Balance
958(6)
18.8 Two-Parameter Models--Modeling Real Reactors with Combinations of Ideal Reactors
964(10)
18.8.1 Real CSTR Modeled Using Bypassing and Dead Space
965(3)
18.8.2 Real CSTR Modeled as Two CSTRs with Interchange
968(4)
18.8.3 Other Models ofNonideal Reactors Using CSTRs and PFRs
972(1)
18.8.4 Applications to Pharmacokinetic Modeling
973(1)
18.9 And Now A Word from Our Sponsor--Safety 18 (AWFOS-S18 An Algorithm for Management of Change (MoC))
974(17)
APPENDIX A NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES
991(8)
A.1 Useful Integrals in Chemical Reactor Design
991(1)
A.2 Equal-Area Graphical Differentiation
992(2)
A.3 Solutions to Differential Equations
994(1)
A.3.A First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations
994(1)
A.3.B Coupled Differential Equations
994(1)
A.3.C Second-Order Ordinary Differential Equations
995(1)
A.4 Numerical Evaluation of Integrals
995(2)
A.5 Semi-Log Graphs
997(1)
A.6 Software Packages
997(2)
APPENDIX B IDEAL GAS CONSTANT AND CONVERSION FACTORS
999(4)
APPENDIX C THERMODYNAMIC RELATIONSHIPS INVOLVING THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT
1003(6)
APPENDIX D SOFTWARE PACKAGES
1009(6)
D.1 Polymath
1009(1)
D.1.A About Polymath (http://www.umich.edu/~elements/6e/sojtwarejpolymath.html)
1009(1)
D.1.B Polymath Tutorials (http:/jwww.umich.edu/~elementsj6ej sofiwarejpolymath-tutorial.html)
1010(1)
D.1.C Living Example Problems
1010(1)
D.2 Wolfram
1010(1)
D.3 Python
1011(1)
D.4 MATLAB
1011(1)
D.5 Excel
1011(1)
D.6 COMSOL (http://wvw.umich.edu/~elements/6e/12c/tap/comsol.litml)
1012(1)
D.7 Aspen
1013(1)
D.8 Visual Encyclopedia of Equipment--Reactors Section
1013(1)
D.9 Reactor Lab
1013(2)
APPENDIX E RATE-LAW DATA
1015(2)
APPENDIX F NOMENCLATURE
1017(4)
APPENDIX G OPEN-ENDED PROBLEMS
1021(4)
G.1 Chem-E-Car
1021(1)
G.2 Effective Lubricant Design
1021(1)
G.3 Peach Bottom Nuclear Reactor
1021(1)
G.4 Underground Wet Oxidation
1022(1)
G.5 Hydrodesulfurization Reactor Design
1022(1)
G.6 Continuous Bioprocessing
1022(1)
G.7 Methanol Synthesis
1022(1)
G.8 Cajun Seafood Gumbo
1022(1)
G.9 Alcohol Metabolism
1023(1)
G.10 Methanol Poisoning
1024(1)
G.11 Safety
1024(1)
APPENDIX H USE OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY SOFTWARE PACKAGES
1025(2)
H.1 Computational Chemical Reaction Engineering
1025(2)
APPENDIX I HOW TO USE THE CRE WEB RESOURCES
1027(2)
I.1 CRE Web Resources Components
1027(2)
Index 1029
H. Scott Fogler is the Ame and Catherine Vennema Professor of Chemical Engineering and the Arthur F. Thurnau Professor at the University of Michigan. He has been research advisor to forty-five Ph.D. students, and has more than two hundred thirty-five refereed publications. He was 2009 President of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Fogler has chaired ASEE's Chemical Engineering Division, served as director of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, and earned the Warren K. Lewis Award from AIChE for contributions to chemical engineering education. He has received the Chemical Manufacturers Association's National Catalyst Award and the 2010 Malcom E. Pruitt Award from the Council for Chemical Research.
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