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Preface |
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xxi |
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Acknowledgements |
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xxiii |
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Section I CRITICAL CARE EMERGENCIES |
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation |
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2 |
(11) |
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2 |
(4) |
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6 |
(7) |
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Acute Upper Airway Obstruction |
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13 |
(2) |
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15 |
(9) |
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15 |
(4) |
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19 |
(2) |
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21 |
(3) |
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24 |
(3) |
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27 |
(2) |
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29 |
(5) |
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Critical Care Areas Drug Infusion Guidelines |
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34 |
(7) |
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41 |
(3) |
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Section II GENERAL MEDICAL EMERGENCIES |
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44 |
(16) |
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44 |
(1) |
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ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) |
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44 |
(4) |
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Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina |
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48 |
(3) |
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51 |
(1) |
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51 |
(4) |
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Venous thromboembolism with deep vein thrombosis |
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55 |
(2) |
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57 |
(1) |
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58 |
(1) |
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59 |
(1) |
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Abdominal causes of chest pain |
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59 |
(1) |
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Musculoskeletal and chest wall pain |
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60 |
(1) |
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60 |
(5) |
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65 |
(11) |
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65 |
(3) |
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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) |
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68 |
(3) |
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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71 |
(2) |
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73 |
(2) |
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75 |
(1) |
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75 |
(1) |
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Acute upper airway obstruction |
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76 |
(1) |
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Acute Gastroenterology Conditions |
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76 |
(4) |
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Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage |
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76 |
(2) |
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78 |
(1) |
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Inflammatory bowel disease |
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79 |
(1) |
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Diabetic Coma and Pre-Coma |
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80 |
(3) |
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80 |
(2) |
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Hyperosmolar, hyperglycaemic state |
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82 |
(1) |
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83 |
(6) |
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83 |
(4) |
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Alcohol-related medical problems |
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87 |
(1) |
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Patient with an altered conscious level and smelling of alcohol |
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87 |
(1) |
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88 |
(1) |
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Acute Neurological Conditions |
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89 |
(11) |
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90 |
(2) |
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92 |
(2) |
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Generalized convulsive status epilepticus |
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94 |
(1) |
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Transient ischaemic attack |
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95 |
(2) |
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97 |
(3) |
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100 |
(8) |
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101 |
(1) |
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102 |
(1) |
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103 |
(1) |
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104 |
(1) |
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Acute narrow-angle glaucoma |
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104 |
(1) |
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Hypertensive encephalopathy |
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104 |
(1) |
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105 |
(2) |
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Tension (muscle contraction) headache |
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107 |
(1) |
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107 |
(1) |
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Disease in other cranial structures |
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108 |
(1) |
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Allergic or Immunological Conditions |
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108 |
(2) |
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108 |
(1) |
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109 |
(1) |
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110 |
(6) |
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Blistering (vesicobullous) conditions |
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110 |
(1) |
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Pruritus (itching conditions) |
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111 |
(2) |
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113 |
(1) |
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114 |
(1) |
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115 |
(1) |
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116 |
(3) |
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Disordered behaviour in the elderly |
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117 |
(1) |
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118 |
(1) |
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119 |
(3) |
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Section III ACID-BASE, ELECTROLYTE AND RENAL EMERGENCIES |
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122 |
(8) |
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Arterial blood gas interpretation |
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122 |
(2) |
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124 |
(3) |
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127 |
(1) |
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128 |
(1) |
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129 |
(1) |
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130 |
(9) |
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130 |
(1) |
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130 |
(2) |
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132 |
(2) |
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134 |
(1) |
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134 |
(1) |
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135 |
(1) |
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136 |
(1) |
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136 |
(1) |
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137 |
(1) |
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138 |
(1) |
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138 |
(1) |
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139 |
(1) |
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139 |
(3) |
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139 |
(3) |
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142 |
(2) |
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Section IV INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND FOREIGN TRAVEL EMERGENCIES |
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Febrile Neutropenic Patient |
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144 |
(1) |
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145 |
(1) |
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Gastrointestinal Tract Infection |
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146 |
(1) |
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases |
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147 |
(1) |
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Needlestick and Sharps Incidents |
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148 |
(2) |
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Inoculation incident with HFV risk |
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148 |
(1) |
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Inoculation incident with hepatitis risk |
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149 |
(1) |
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection |
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150 |
(3) |
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153 |
(1) |
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Bites with Rabies or Other Lyssavirus Risk |
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154 |
(2) |
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Rabies and lyssavirus risk |
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154 |
(2) |
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Common Imported Diseases of Travellers |
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156 |
(4) |
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156 |
(2) |
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158 |
(1) |
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158 |
(1) |
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Typhus and spotted fevers |
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159 |
(1) |
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159 |
(1) |
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160 |
(1) |
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161 |
(3) |
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Section V SURGICAL EMERGENCIES |
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164 |
(5) |
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Further Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Injuries: Definitive Care |
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169 |
(1) |
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169 |
(1) |
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170 |
(7) |
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170 |
(5) |
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175 |
(1) |
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Vascular injury in the neck |
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175 |
(1) |
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176 |
(1) |
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176 |
(1) |
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176 |
(1) |
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177 |
(7) |
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177 |
(1) |
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178 |
(1) |
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|
Rib and sternum fractures |
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178 |
(1) |
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179 |
(1) |
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180 |
(1) |
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181 |
(1) |
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182 |
(1) |
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182 |
(2) |
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Abdominal and Pelvic Trauma |
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184 |
(6) |
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184 |
(1) |
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185 |
(1) |
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Penetrating abdominal trauma |
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186 |
(1) |
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187 |
(1) |
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188 |
(1) |
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189 |
(1) |
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Bladder and urethral injuries |
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189 |
(1) |
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|
Additional Orthopaedic Injuries in Multiple Trauma |
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190 |
(3) |
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Thoracic and lumbosacral spine injury |
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190 |
(1) |
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191 |
(2) |
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193 |
(2) |
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193 |
(2) |
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195 |
(6) |
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195 |
(4) |
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199 |
(1) |
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200 |
(1) |
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201 |
(1) |
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201 |
(16) |
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201 |
(1) |
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Stable patient with an acute abdomen |
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202 |
(2) |
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Causes of acute abdominal pain |
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204 |
(1) |
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204 |
(1) |
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205 |
(1) |
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206 |
(1) |
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206 |
(1) |
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207 |
(1) |
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207 |
(1) |
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208 |
(1) |
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|
Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm |
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208 |
(1) |
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209 |
(1) |
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210 |
(1) |
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210 |
(1) |
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211 |
(1) |
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212 |
(1) |
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213 |
(1) |
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213 |
(1) |
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214 |
(1) |
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Retroperitoneal haemorrhage |
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214 |
(1) |
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215 |
(1) |
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Medical disorders presenting with acute abdominal pain |
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215 |
(2) |
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217 |
(3) |
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Section VI ORTHOPAEDIC EMERGENCIES |
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|
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Injuries to the Shoulder and Upper Arm |
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|
220 |
(6) |
|
|
Fractures of the clavicle |
|
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220 |
(1) |
|
|
Acromioclavicular dislocation |
|
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220 |
(1) |
|
|
Sternoclavicular dislocation |
|
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221 |
(1) |
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221 |
(1) |
|
|
Anterior dislocation of the shoulder |
|
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222 |
(2) |
|
|
Posterior dislocation of the shoulder |
|
|
224 |
(1) |
|
|
Fractures of the upper humerus |
|
|
225 |
(1) |
|
|
Fractures of the shaft of the humerus |
|
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225 |
(1) |
|
|
Injuries to the Elbow and Forearm |
|
|
226 |
(6) |
|
|
Supracondylar fracture of the humerus |
|
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226 |
(1) |
|
|
Condylar and epicondyiar fractures of the humerus |
|
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227 |
(1) |
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|
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228 |
(1) |
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|
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229 |
(1) |
|
|
Fractures of the olecranon |
|
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230 |
(1) |
|
|
Fractures of the radial head |
|
|
230 |
(1) |
|
|
Fractures of the radial and ulnar shafts |
|
|
231 |
(1) |
|
|
Injuries to the Wrist and Hand |
|
|
232 |
(12) |
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232 |
(2) |
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234 |
(1) |
|
|
Barton's fracture-dislocation |
|
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234 |
(1) |
|
|
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235 |
(1) |
|
|
Distal radial fractures in children |
|
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235 |
(1) |
|
|
Fractures of the scaphoid |
|
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236 |
(1) |
|
|
Dislocations of the carpus |
|
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237 |
(1) |
|
|
Fractures of the other carpal bones |
|
|
238 |
(1) |
|
|
Fractures of the thumb metacarpal |
|
|
239 |
(1) |
|
|
Dislocation of the thumb metacarpal |
|
|
239 |
(1) |
|
|
Rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament |
|
|
240 |
(1) |
|
|
Fractures of the other metacarpals |
|
|
240 |
(1) |
|
|
Fractures of the proximal and middle phalanges |
|
|
241 |
(1) |
|
|
Fractures of the distal phalanges |
|
|
242 |
(1) |
|
|
Dislocation of the phalanges |
|
|
242 |
(1) |
|
|
Flexor tendon injuries in the hand |
|
|
243 |
(1) |
|
|
Extensor tendon injuries in the hand |
|
|
243 |
(1) |
|
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244 |
(1) |
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244 |
(1) |
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244 |
(1) |
|
|
Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Injuries |
|
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245 |
(1) |
|
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245 |
(1) |
|
|
Injuries to the Hip and Upper Femur |
|
|
245 |
(2) |
|
|
|
245 |
(1) |
|
|
Fractures of the neck of the femur |
|
|
246 |
(1) |
|
|
Fractures of the shaft of the femur |
|
|
247 |
(1) |
|
|
Injuries to the Lower Femur, Knee and Upper Tibia |
|
|
247 |
(5) |
|
|
Supracondylar and condylar fractures of the femur |
|
|
247 |
(1) |
|
|
Fractures of the patella and injury to the quadriceps apparatus |
|
|
248 |
(1) |
|
|
Dislocation of the patella |
|
|
248 |
(1) |
|
|
Soft-tissue injuries of the knee |
|
|
249 |
(2) |
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251 |
(1) |
|
|
Fractures of the tibial condyles |
|
|
251 |
(1) |
|
|
Injuries to the Lower Tibia, Ankle and Foot |
|
|
252 |
(7) |
|
|
Fractures of the shaft of the tibia |
|
|
252 |
(1) |
|
|
Isolated fractures of the fibula |
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|
252 |
(1) |
|
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253 |
(1) |
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254 |
(1) |
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255 |
(1) |
|
|
Fractures and dislocation of the talus |
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|
255 |
(1) |
|
|
Fractures of the calcaneus |
|
|
256 |
(1) |
|
|
Rupture of the tendo achilles |
|
|
256 |
(1) |
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|
257 |
(1) |
|
|
Metatarsal injuries and tarsometatarsal dislocations |
|
|
257 |
(1) |
|
|
Fractures of the phalanges of the foot |
|
|
258 |
(1) |
|
|
Dislocations of the phalanges of the foot |
|
|
258 |
(1) |
|
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|
259 |
(3) |
|
|
Section VII MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SOFT-TISSUE EMERGENCIES |
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|
|
|
|
262 |
(9) |
|
|
|
265 |
(2) |
|
|
Crush injury and compartment syndrome |
|
|
267 |
(1) |
|
|
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268 |
(1) |
|
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269 |
(1) |
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|
269 |
(1) |
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270 |
(1) |
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|
271 |
(4) |
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271 |
(1) |
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271 |
(1) |
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272 |
(1) |
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273 |
(1) |
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273 |
(1) |
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274 |
(1) |
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275 |
(1) |
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|
275 |
(1) |
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|
275 |
(4) |
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276 |
(1) |
|
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|
276 |
(1) |
|
|
Rotator cuff tear: supraspinatus rupture |
|
|
277 |
(1) |
|
|
|
277 |
(1) |
|
|
|
278 |
(1) |
|
|
Tennis and golfer's elbow |
|
|
278 |
(1) |
|
|
|
278 |
(1) |
|
|
De Quervain's stenosing tenosynovitis |
|
|
278 |
(1) |
|
|
|
279 |
(1) |
|
|
|
279 |
(1) |
|
|
|
279 |
(3) |
|
|
|
280 |
(1) |
|
|
Indirect mechanical back trauma |
|
|
280 |
(1) |
|
|
Severe or atypical, non-traumatic back pain |
|
|
281 |
(1) |
|
|
Mild to moderate, non-traumatic back pain |
|
|
282 |
(1) |
|
|
|
282 |
(2) |
|
|
Section VIII PAEDIATRIC EMERGENCIES |
|
|
|
|
|
284 |
(2) |
|
|
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation |
|
|
286 |
(7) |
|
|
|
293 |
(6) |
|
|
|
294 |
(1) |
|
|
|
295 |
(1) |
|
|
|
296 |
(2) |
|
|
|
298 |
(1) |
|
|
|
299 |
(3) |
|
|
Croup (acute laryngotracheobronchitis) |
|
|
299 |
(1) |
|
|
|
300 |
(1) |
|
|
Epiglottitis (supraglottitis) |
|
|
301 |
(1) |
|
|
Abdominal Pain, Diarrhoea and Vomiting |
|
|
302 |
(6) |
|
|
|
302 |
(1) |
|
|
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303 |
(1) |
|
|
Diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration |
|
|
304 |
(4) |
|
|
|
308 |
(3) |
|
|
Seizures and Febrile Convulsions |
|
|
311 |
(3) |
|
|
|
311 |
(2) |
|
|
|
313 |
(1) |
|
|
|
314 |
(2) |
|
|
|
316 |
(2) |
|
|
Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy |
|
|
318 |
(1) |
|
|
Child Abuse (Non-Accidental Injury) |
|
|
319 |
(2) |
|
|
|
321 |
(3) |
|
|
Section IX OBSTETRIC AND GYNAECOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES |
|
|
|
|
Gynaecological Assessment and Management |
|
|
324 |
(1) |
|
|
|
324 |
(1) |
|
|
|
324 |
(1) |
|
|
Gynaecological Causes of Acute Abdominal Pain |
|
|
324 |
(3) |
|
|
Pelvic inflammatory disease (acute salpingitis) |
|
|
325 |
(1) |
|
|
|
326 |
(1) |
|
|
|
326 |
(1) |
|
|
|
326 |
(1) |
|
|
Bleeding in Early Pregnancy |
|
|
327 |
(5) |
|
|
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy |
|
|
327 |
(2) |
|
|
|
329 |
(2) |
|
|
|
331 |
(1) |
|
|
Conditions in Late Pregnancy |
|
|
332 |
(5) |
|
|
|
332 |
(1) |
|
|
|
332 |
(1) |
|
|
Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia |
|
|
333 |
(1) |
|
|
|
334 |
(1) |
|
|
|
335 |
(1) |
|
|
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in late pregnancy |
|
|
336 |
(1) |
|
|
|
337 |
(3) |
|
|
|
337 |
(1) |
|
|
Missed oral contraceptive pill |
|
|
338 |
(1) |
|
|
Domestic violence to females |
|
|
339 |
(1) |
|
|
|
339 |
(1) |
|
|
|
340 |
(2) |
|
|
Section X OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCIES |
|
|
|
|
|
342 |
(1) |
|
|
Topical Ophthalmic Preparations |
|
|
342 |
(1) |
|
|
Traumatic Conditions of the Eye |
|
|
343 |
(5) |
|
|
Periorbital haematoma (`black eye') |
|
|
343 |
(1) |
|
|
Subconjunctival haematoma |
|
|
343 |
(1) |
|
|
|
344 |
(1) |
|
|
|
344 |
(1) |
|
|
Chemical burns to the eye |
|
|
344 |
(1) |
|
|
Conjunctival foreign body |
|
|
345 |
(1) |
|
|
|
346 |
(1) |
|
|
|
346 |
(1) |
|
|
|
346 |
(1) |
|
|
|
347 |
(1) |
|
|
Penetrating trauma to the eye |
|
|
348 |
(1) |
|
|
Conditions Affecting the Eyelids |
|
|
348 |
(3) |
|
|
|
348 |
(1) |
|
|
Stye (external hordeolum) |
|
|
349 |
(1) |
|
|
Meibomian abscess (internal hordeolum) |
|
|
349 |
(1) |
|
|
Meibomian cyst (chalazion) |
|
|
349 |
(1) |
|
|
|
349 |
(1) |
|
|
Orbital and periorbital cellulitis |
|
|
349 |
(1) |
|
|
Basal cell carcinoma (rodent ulcer) |
|
|
350 |
(1) |
|
|
Ophthalmic shingles (herpes zoster ophthalmicus) |
|
|
350 |
(1) |
|
|
|
351 |
(3) |
|
|
|
351 |
(1) |
|
|
|
352 |
(1) |
|
|
|
352 |
(1) |
|
|
Acute episcleritis and scleritis |
|
|
353 |
(1) |
|
|
|
353 |
(1) |
|
|
Sudden Loss of Vision in the Uninflamed Eye |
|
|
354 |
(3) |
|
|
Central retinal artery occlusion |
|
|
354 |
(1) |
|
|
Central retinal vein occlusion |
|
|
355 |
(1) |
|
|
|
355 |
(1) |
|
|
|
356 |
(1) |
|
|
|
356 |
(1) |
|
|
|
357 |
(3) |
|
|
Section XI ENT EMERGENCIES |
|
|
|
|
Traumatic Conditions of the Ear |
|
|
360 |
(2) |
|
|
Subperichondrial haematoma |
|
|
360 |
(1) |
|
|
|
360 |
(1) |
|
|
Foreign body in the external ear |
|
|
360 |
(1) |
|
|
|
361 |
(1) |
|
|
|
361 |
(1) |
|
|
Non-Traumatic Conditions of the Ear |
|
|
362 |
(3) |
|
|
|
362 |
(1) |
|
|
Furunculosis of the external ear |
|
|
362 |
(1) |
|
|
|
363 |
(1) |
|
|
|
363 |
(1) |
|
|
|
363 |
(1) |
|
|
|
364 |
(1) |
|
|
Traumatic Conditions of the Nose |
|
|
365 |
(1) |
|
|
|
365 |
(1) |
|
|
|
366 |
(1) |
|
|
Non-Traumatic Conditions of the Nose |
|
|
366 |
(2) |
|
|
|
366 |
(2) |
|
|
Traumatic Conditions of the Throat |
|
|
368 |
(1) |
|
|
Non-Traumatic Conditions of the Throat |
|
|
368 |
(3) |
|
|
|
368 |
(1) |
|
|
Quinsy (peritonsillar abscess) |
|
|
369 |
(1) |
|
|
Foreign body in the pharynx |
|
|
369 |
(1) |
|
|
|
370 |
(1) |
|
|
|
371 |
(1) |
|
|
|
371 |
(3) |
|
|
Section XII MAXILLOFACIAL AND DENTAL EMERGENCIES |
|
|
|
|
Traumatic Conditions of the Face and Mouth |
|
|
374 |
(5) |
|
|
|
374 |
(1) |
|
|
|
374 |
(1) |
|
|
|
375 |
(1) |
|
|
|
376 |
(1) |
|
|
Fracture of the zygoma or zygomaticomaxillary (malar) complex |
|
|
377 |
(1) |
|
|
Orbital floor `blow-out' fracture |
|
|
378 |
(1) |
|
|
Le Fort middle-third of face fractures |
|
|
378 |
(1) |
|
|
Non-Traumatic Conditions of the Mouth |
|
|
379 |
(2) |
|
|
|
379 |
(1) |
|
|
|
379 |
(1) |
|
|
|
380 |
(1) |
|
|
|
380 |
(1) |
|
|
|
381 |
(3) |
|
|
Section XIII PSYCHIATRIC EMERGENCIES |
|
|
|
|
|
384 |
(1) |
|
|
|
385 |
(2) |
|
|
Alcohol and Drug Dependency and Abuse |
|
|
387 |
(2) |
|
|
Alcohol and drug withdrawal |
|
|
387 |
(1) |
|
|
|
387 |
(1) |
|
|
Opiate and intravenous drug addiction |
|
|
388 |
(1) |
|
|
Benzodiazepine and solvent addiction |
|
|
389 |
(1) |
|
|
|
389 |
(1) |
|
|
|
390 |
(2) |
|
|
|
|
|
Acute Poisoning: General Principles |
|
|
392 |
(3) |
|
|
|
395 |
(20) |
|
|
|
395 |
(3) |
|
|
|
398 |
(1) |
|
|
Tricyclic antidepressants |
|
|
399 |
(2) |
|
|
|
401 |
(1) |
|
|
|
402 |
(1) |
|
|
|
402 |
(1) |
|
|
|
403 |
(2) |
|
|
|
405 |
(1) |
|
|
|
406 |
(1) |
|
|
|
407 |
(1) |
|
|
Calcium-channel blocking drugs |
|
|
408 |
(1) |
|
|
|
409 |
(1) |
|
|
|
410 |
(1) |
|
|
|
411 |
(1) |
|
|
|
412 |
(1) |
|
|
|
413 |
(1) |
|
|
|
414 |
(1) |
|
|
|
415 |
(1) |
|
|
|
416 |
(2) |
|
|
Section XV TOXINOLOGY EMERGENCIES |
|
|
|
|
|
418 |
(4) |
|
|
|
418 |
(3) |
|
|
Viper (adder) snake bites |
|
|
421 |
(1) |
|
|
|
422 |
(1) |
|
|
|
423 |
(2) |
|
|
|
425 |
(1) |
|
|
|
426 |
(2) |
|
|
Section XVI ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES |
|
|
|
|
|
428 |
(6) |
|
|
|
428 |
(2) |
|
|
Other hyperthermia-related illness |
|
|
430 |
(1) |
|
|
|
431 |
(2) |
|
|
|
433 |
(1) |
|
|
|
434 |
(3) |
|
|
|
434 |
(2) |
|
|
Decompression illness with barotrauma |
|
|
436 |
(1) |
|
|
Electrocution and Lightning Strike |
|
|
437 |
(5) |
|
|
Low-voltage electrocution |
|
|
438 |
(1) |
|
|
High-voltage electrocution |
|
|
439 |
(1) |
|
|
|
440 |
(1) |
|
|
|
440 |
(2) |
|
|
|
442 |
(2) |
|
|
Section XVII ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL ISSUES |
|
|
|
|
Habits of a Good Emergency Department Doctor |
|
|
444 |
(4) |
|
|
Excellence in emergency department care |
|
|
444 |
(1) |
|
|
Emergency department medical records |
|
|
444 |
(1) |
|
|
Communicating with the general practitioner |
|
|
445 |
(1) |
|
|
|
446 |
(1) |
|
|
Risk management and incident reporting |
|
|
447 |
(1) |
|
|
|
448 |
(1) |
|
|
Consent, Competence and Refusal of Treatment |
|
|
449 |
(2) |
|
|
|
449 |
(1) |
|
|
Refusal of treatment and discharge against medical advice |
|
|
450 |
(1) |
|
|
Police, Coroner and Attending Court |
|
|
451 |
(2) |
|
|
Police request for patient information |
|
|
451 |
(1) |
|
|
Police request to interview a patient |
|
|
451 |
(1) |
|
|
Police request for an alcohol breath test or blood sample |
|
|
451 |
(1) |
|
|
Request for a police medical statement |
|
|
452 |
(1) |
|
|
|
452 |
(1) |
|
|
Attending an inquest or court |
|
|
453 |
(1) |
|
|
Retrieval and Inter-Hospital Transfer |
|
|
453 |
(1) |
|
|
|
454 |
(8) |
|
|
|
454 |
(2) |
|
|
Specialized hazardous materials responses |
|
|
456 |
(2) |
|
|
|
458 |
(2) |
|
|
|
460 |
(1) |
|
|
|
461 |
(1) |
|
|
|
462 |
(2) |
|
|
Section XVIII PRACTICAL PROCEDURES |
|
|
|
|
|
464 |
(1) |
|
|
Rapid Sequence Induction Intubation |
|
|
465 |
(2) |
|
|
|
467 |
(2) |
|
|
|
469 |
(2) |
|
|
Intercostal Catheter Insertion |
|
|
471 |
(1) |
|
|
|
472 |
(1) |
|
|
|
473 |
(1) |
|
|
|
474 |
(4) |
|
|
Intraosseous Line Insertion |
|
|
478 |
(1) |
|
|
|
479 |
(3) |
|
|
Indwelling Urethral Catheter Insertion |
|
|
482 |
(2) |
|
|
Nasogastric Tube Insertion |
|
|
484 |
(1) |
|
|
Bier's Intravenous Regional Block |
|
|
485 |
(1) |
|
|
|
486 |
(2) |
|
|
|
488 |
(1) |
|
|
|
489 |
(2) |
|
|
|
491 |
(2) |
|
Glossary |
|
493 |
(8) |
|
Appendix: Normal Laboratory Values |
|
501 |
(4) |
|
Index |
|
505 |
|
