Introduction |
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xv | |
Introduction to the Second Edition |
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xix | |
Prologue: The Dreamer |
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xxi | |
Part I General Background |
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1 | (16) |
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Chapter 1 Theories Come and Theories Go |
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3 | (6) |
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3 | (2) |
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1.2 The Problem of Cosmogony |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 Measuring Atoms and the Universe |
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9 | (8) |
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2.1 Measuring Things in Everyday Life |
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9 | (2) |
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2.2 Science and Everyday Life |
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11 | (1) |
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2.3 Small Things Beyond Our Ken |
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11 | (2) |
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2.4 Measuring Things in the Solar System |
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13 | (2) |
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2.5 Large Things Beyond Our Ken |
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15 | (2) |
Part II Enlightenment |
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17 | (26) |
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Chapter 3 Greek Offerings |
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19 | (8) |
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3.1 Even Before the Ancient Greeks |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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3.3 Aristarchus-A Man Ahead of his Time |
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21 | (1) |
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3.4 Eratosthenes-The Man who Measured the Earth |
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22 | (2) |
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3.5 Ptolemy and the Geocentric Solar System |
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24 | (3) |
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Chapter 4 The Shoulders of Giants |
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27 | (16) |
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27 | (1) |
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4.2 Nicolaus Copernicus and a Heliocentric Solar System |
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28 | (2) |
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4.3 Tycho Brahe-The Man with a Golden Nose |
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30 | (2) |
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4.4 Johannes Kepler-A Scientific and Mathematical Genius |
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32 | (3) |
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4.5 Galileo Galilei-Observation versus Faith |
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35 | (4) |
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4.6 Isaac Newton-And All was Light |
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39 | (4) |
Part III The Solar System: Features and Problems |
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43 | (54) |
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Chapter 5 The Sun and the Planets |
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45 | (12) |
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45 | (1) |
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5.2 Types of Planet and their Distribution |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (3) |
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5.4 The Terrestrial Planets |
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50 | (7) |
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Chapter 6 Satellites and Rings |
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57 | (18) |
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6.1 General Comments about Satellites |
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57 | (1) |
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6.2 The Satellites of Jupiter |
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58 | (4) |
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6.3 The Satellites of Saturn |
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62 | (3) |
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6.4 The Satellites of Uranus |
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65 | (1) |
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6.5 The Satellites of Neptune |
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66 | (2) |
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6.6 The Earth's Satellite, the Moon |
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68 | (2) |
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6.7 The Satellites of Mars |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (4) |
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Chapter 7 Smaller Bodies of the Solar System |
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75 | (18) |
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7.1 The Hunt for a Missing Planet |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (2) |
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7.3 Meteorites-Chips Off the Old Block |
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78 | (6) |
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84 | (4) |
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7.5 The Kuiper Belt and Dwarf Planets |
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88 | (5) |
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Chapter 8 The Problem to be Solved |
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93 | (4) |
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93 | (1) |
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8.2 Very Basic Requirements for a Solution |
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94 | (3) |
Part IV Early Theories |
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97 | (44) |
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Chapter 9 The French Connection |
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99 | (8) |
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9.1 Some Early Theoretical and Observational Developments |
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99 | (2) |
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9.2 Laplace and his Spinning Cloud |
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101 | (3) |
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9.3 The Problem with a Spinning Cloud |
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104 | (3) |
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Chapter 10 American Catherine-Wheels |
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107 | (6) |
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107 | (1) |
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10.2 Making a Catherine-Wheel |
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108 | (2) |
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10.3 Objections to the Chamberlin-Moulton Theory |
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110 | (3) |
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Chapter 11 British Big Tides |
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113 | (10) |
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11.1 The Jeans Tidal Theory |
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113 | (3) |
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11.2 Jeffreys' Objections |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (3) |
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Chapter 12 Russian Cloud Capture-With British Help |
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123 | (4) |
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123 | (1) |
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12.2 Lyttleton's Modification of the Accretion Theory |
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124 | (3) |
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Chapter 13 German Vortices-With a Little French Help |
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127 | (4) |
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13.1 First Ideas About Vortices |
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127 | (1) |
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13.2 The von Weizsacker Vortex Theory |
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127 | (2) |
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13.3 Objections to the Vortex Idea |
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129 | (2) |
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Chapter 14 McCrea's Floccules |
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131 | (6) |
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14.1 Producing Stars and Planets Together |
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131 | (3) |
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14.2 Objections to the Floccule Theory |
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134 | (3) |
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Chapter 15 What Early Theories Indicate |
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137 | (4) |
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15.1 Angular Momentum Difficulties |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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15.3 Indicated Requirements for a Successful Theory |
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139 | (2) |
Part V New Knowledge |
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141 | (30) |
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Chapter 16 Disks Around New Stars |
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143 | (6) |
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16.1 How Hot and How Luminous? |
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143 | (3) |
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16.2 What is a Young Stellar Object? |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (2) |
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Chapter 17 Planets Around Other Stars |
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149 | (16) |
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149 | (1) |
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17.2 Finding the Speed of a Star |
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150 | (3) |
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17.3 Finding Out About the Planet |
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153 | (4) |
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17.4 Inferring the Presence of Planets from Dusty Disks |
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157 | (2) |
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17.5 Direct Imaging of Exoplanets |
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159 | (2) |
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17.6 The Characteristics of some Exoplanets |
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161 | (1) |
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17.7 Exoplanets going Backwards |
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162 | (3) |
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Chapter 18 What a Theory Should Explain Now |
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165 | (6) |
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18.1 The Beginning of the 21st Century |
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165 | (1) |
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18.2 The Sun and its Properties |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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18.5 Asteroids, Comets and Dwarf Planets |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (3) |
Part VI The Return of the Nebula |
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171 | (44) |
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Chapter 19 The New Solar Nebula Theory: The Angular Momentum Problem |
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173 | (10) |
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19.1 A Message from Meteorites |
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173 | (2) |
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19.2 Mechanical Slowing Down of the Sun's Spin |
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175 | (1) |
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19.3 Magnetism Gives a Helping Hand |
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176 | (3) |
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19.4 A Modification of the Hoyle Mechanism |
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179 | (2) |
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19.5 Slowing the Sun's Spin |
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181 | (1) |
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19.6 The Stellar Angular-Momentum Conundrum |
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182 | (1) |
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Chapter 20 Making Planets Top-Down |
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183 | (4) |
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183 | (2) |
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20.2 The Problems of Top-Down Processes |
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185 | (2) |
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Chapter 21 A Bottom-Up Alternative |
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187 | (10) |
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21.1 A Summary of the Bottom-Up Approach |
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187 | (1) |
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21.2 Forming a Dusty Carpet |
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187 | (3) |
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21.3 The Formation of Planetesimals |
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190 | (1) |
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21.4 Making Terrestrial Planets and Cores for Giant Planets |
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191 | (3) |
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21.5 Major Planets-The Final Stage |
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194 | (1) |
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21.6 Some Problems with the Solar Nebula Theory |
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195 | (2) |
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Chapter 22 Making Planets Faster |
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197 | (6) |
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22.1 Conditions in the Disk |
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197 | (3) |
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200 | (3) |
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Chapter 23 Wandering Planets |
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203 | (8) |
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23.1 The Need for Planets to Wander |
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203 | (1) |
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23.2 Interactions Between Planets |
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204 | (1) |
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23.3 Effects Due to the Mass of the Nebula Disk |
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205 | (2) |
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23.4 The Role of Spiral Waves |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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23.6 A Problem with the Terrestrial Planets |
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209 | (2) |
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Chapter 24 Back to Top-Down |
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211 | (4) |
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24.1 Perceived Problems with the SNT |
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211 | (1) |
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24.2 The Rotating Disk Model |
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211 | (4) |
Part VII Making Stars |
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215 | (28) |
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Chapter 25 This is the Stuff that Stars are Made Of |
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217 | (6) |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (3) |
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220 | (3) |
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Chapter 26 Making Dense Cool Clouds |
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223 | (8) |
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26.1 The ISM, Clouds and Temperature |
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223 | (1) |
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26.2 Atoms, Ions, Molecules and Electrons |
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224 | (1) |
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26.3 Further Cooling Processes |
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225 | (2) |
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26.4 Making a Dense Cool Cloud |
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227 | (4) |
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Chapter 27 A Star is Born, Lives and Dies |
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231 | (12) |
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27.1 Collapse of Stout Party |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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27.4 Some Observations About Star Formation |
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235 | (1) |
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27.5 A Star-Forming Model |
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236 | (2) |
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27.6 Binary Star Formation |
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238 | (3) |
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241 | (2) |
Part VIII Capture |
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243 | (72) |
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Chapter 28 Close to the Madding Crowd |
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245 | (6) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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28.3 Interactions in a Dense Embedded Cluster |
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247 | (4) |
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Chapter 29 Close Encounters of the Stellar Kind |
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251 | (12) |
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29.1 Jeans Revisited-The Capture Theory |
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251 | (1) |
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29.2 New Knowledge-New Ideas |
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252 | (2) |
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29.3 A Method for Realistic Simulations |
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254 | (2) |
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29.4 Capture-Theory Simulations |
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256 | (3) |
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29.5 Doing without Protostars |
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259 | (2) |
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29.6 Some General Comments on Planet Formation |
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261 | (2) |
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Chapter 30 Ever Decreasing Circles |
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263 | (14) |
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30.1 The Initial Orbits of Protoplanets |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (2) |
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30.3 Resistance Due to Viscous Drag |
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265 | (1) |
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30.4 Resistance Due to the Effects of Mass |
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266 | (1) |
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30.5 The Evolution of Planetary Orbits |
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267 | (3) |
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30.6 Slowing Down and Speeding Up |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (2) |
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30.8 Orbital Periods in Simple Ratios |
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274 | (3) |
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Chapter 31 How Many Planetary Systems? |
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277 | (10) |
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31.1 More About Embedded Clusters |
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277 | (1) |
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31.2 Observational Indications of the Frequency of Planetary Systems |
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278 | (2) |
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31.3 An Estimate from the Capture Theory |
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280 | (4) |
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31.4 The Disruption of Planetary Systems |
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284 | (3) |
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Chapter 32 Starting a Family |
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287 | (10) |
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32.1 Satellites and Angular Momentum |
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287 | (2) |
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32.2 Dust Settling in the Disk |
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289 | (3) |
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32.3 The Formation of Satellitesimals |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (1) |
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32.6 Irregular Satellites |
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294 | (3) |
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Chapter 33 Tilting-But not at Windmills |
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297 | (18) |
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33.1 The Leaning Sun and Retrograde Exoplanets |
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297 | (3) |
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33.2 Moving the Star's Spin Axis |
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300 | (4) |
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33.3 The Inclinations of Solar-System Planetary Orbits |
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304 | (1) |
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33.4 A Child's Top and Evolving Planetary Orbits |
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305 | (2) |
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33.5 Deuterium in Major Planets |
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307 | (3) |
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310 | (5) |
Part IX The Biggish Bang Hypothesis |
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315 | (78) |
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Chapter 34 The Terrestrial Planets Raise Problems |
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317 | (6) |
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317 | (1) |
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34.2 What Kind of Material does the Universe Contain? |
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318 | (1) |
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34.3 What Kinds of Material does the Earth Contain? |
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319 | (4) |
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Chapter 35 A Biggish Bang Theory: The Earth and Venus |
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323 | (10) |
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35.1 A Very Close Encounter of a Planetary Kind |
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323 | (1) |
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35.2 The Colliding Planets |
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324 | (2) |
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326 | (3) |
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35.4 Orbital Considerations |
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329 | (1) |
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35.5 Mass and Composition Considerations |
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330 | (2) |
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35.6 Summary and Comments |
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332 | (1) |
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Chapter 36 Behold the Wandering Moon |
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333 | (10) |
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36.1 Orphans of the Storm |
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333 | (1) |
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36.2 The Pre-Collision Moon |
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334 | (2) |
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336 | (2) |
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36.4 The Lopsided Moon-An Answer and a Question |
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338 | (2) |
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36.5 The Collision to the Rescue |
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340 | (2) |
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36.6 A Brief History of the Moon |
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342 | (1) |
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Chapter 37 Fleet Mercury and Warlike Mars |
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343 | (10) |
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343 | (4) |
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37.2 Mercury as an Orphan |
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347 | (3) |
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37.3 The Orbits of Mercury and Mars |
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350 | (3) |
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Chapter 38 Gods of the Sea and the Nether Regions |
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353 | (6) |
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38.1 Neptune and Related Bodies |
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353 | (2) |
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38.2 Yet Another Effect of the Collision |
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355 | (4) |
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Chapter 39 Bits and Pieces-Asteroids, Comets and Dwarf Planets |
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359 | (16) |
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39.1 The Gap and its Denizens |
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359 | (1) |
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39.2 Some Ideas on the Origin of Asteroids |
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360 | (3) |
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39.3 Comets and the Kuiper Belt-General Considerations |
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363 | (1) |
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39.4 The Planetary Collision Again! |
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364 | (3) |
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367 | (1) |
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39.6 Comets and the Oort Cloud |
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367 | (4) |
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371 | (1) |
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39.8 Features of Meteorites |
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372 | (1) |
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39.9 A Summary of the Production of Small Bodies |
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372 | (3) |
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Chapter 40 Making Atoms with a Biggish Bang |
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375 | (12) |
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40.1 Let's Find Out More About Isotopes |
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375 | (2) |
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40.2 Isotopes in Meteorites |
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377 | (5) |
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40.3 For the Last Time-The Outcome of a Planetary Collision |
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382 | (3) |
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40.4 Deuterium in the Colliding Planets and Other Bodies |
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385 | (2) |
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Chapter 41 Is the Capture Theory True? |
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387 | (6) |
Epilogue: An Autumn Evening |
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393 | (2) |
Biblography |
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395 | (12) |
Index |
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407 | |