Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology [Kietas viršelis]

Preface		xi	(2)
Acknowledgments		xiii
1. Toxicologic Pathology: An Introduction		1	(15)
I. Toxicologic Pathology		1	(1)
II. The Effect of the Body on the Chemical		2	(1)
III. The Interaction of the Chemical and the Body		3	(1)
IV. Pathology: The Response of the Body to Injury		4	(8)
V. Morphologic Evaluation of Toxicity		12	(2)
Suggested Reading		14	(2)
2. Chemical Carcinogenesis		16	(21)
I. Nomenclature of Neoplasms		16	(1)
II. Spectrum of Proliferative Lesions		17	(2)
III. Steps in the Neoplastic Process		19	(3)
IV. Hypotheses of Mode of Action of Chemical Carcinogens		22	(2)
V. Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes in Chemical Carcinogenesis		24	(4)
VI. Tests for Carcinogenic Potential of Chemicals		28	(4)
VII. Conclusion		1	(32)
Suggested Reading		32	(1)
Glossary		33	(4)
3. Skin and Oral Mucosa		37	(20)
PART I. SKIN		37	(17)
I. Introduction		37	(1)
II. Structure and Function of Skin		38	(3)
III. Mechanisms of Cutaneous Toxicity		41	(4)
IV. Response of Skin to Injury		45	(6)
V. Evaluation of Cutaneous Toxicity		51	(3)
PART II. ORAL MUCOSA		54	(2)
I. Introduction		54	(1)
II. Structure and Function of Oral Mucosa		54	(1)
III. Mechanisms of Mucosal Toxicity		54	(1)
IV. Response of Oral Mucosa to Injury		54	(2)
V. Evaluation of Oral Toxicity		56	(1)
Suggested Reading		56	(1)
4. Gastrointestinal Tract		57	(34)
I. Introduction		57	(1)
II. Structure and Function of Gastrointestinal Tract		58	(12)
III. Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal Toxicity		70	(6)
IV. Response of Gastrointestinal Tract to Injury		76	(10)
V. Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Toxicity		86	(3)
Suggested Reading		89	(2)
5. Respiratory System		91	(36)
I. Introduction		91	(1)
II. Structure and Cell Biology		92	(13)
III. Mechanisms of Toxicity		105	(3)
IV. Response to Injury		108	(14)
V. Testing for Toxicity		122	(4)
Suggested Reading		126	(1)
6. Hepatobiliary System		127	(26)
I. Introduction		127	(1)
II. Structure and Function		128	(2)
III. Cellular Mechanisms of Toxicity		130	(1)
IV. Nonneoplastic Responses to Injury		131	(14)
V. Hepatic Neoplasia		145	(4)
VI. Testing for Toxicity		149	(2)
VII. Summary and Conclusions		151	(1)
Suggested Reading		151	(2)
7. The Kidney		153	(41)
I. Introduction		153	(1)
II. Renal Structure and Function		154	(8)
III. Mechanisms of Toxicity		162	(21)
IV. Response to Injury		183	(5)
V. Testing for Kidney and Urinary Tract Toxicity		188	(2)
VI. Conclusion		190	(1)
Suggested Reading		191	(3)
8. Pancreas		194	(21)
PART I. EXOCRINE PANCREAS		194	(10)
I. Introduction		194	(1)
II. Normal Structure of Exocrine Pancreas		194	(1)
III. Physiology of Exocrine Pancrease		195	(2)
IV. Mechanisms of Exocrine Pancreatic Toxicity		197	(1)
V. Response of Exocrine Pancreas to Injury		197	(5)
VI. Evaluation of Exocrine Pancreatic Toxicity		202	(2)
VII. Summary and Conclusions		204	(1)
PART II. ENDOCRINE PANCREAS		204	(9)
I. Structure of Endocrine Pancreas		204	(3)
II. Physiology of Endocrine Pancreas		207	(1)
III. Mechanisms of Endocrine Pancreatic Toxicity		208	(2)
IV. Response of Endocrine Pancreas to Injury		210	(2)
V. Evaluation of Endocrine Pancreatic Toxicity		212	(1)
VI. Summary and Conclusions		212	(1)
Suggested Reading		213	(2)
9. Blood and Bone Marrow		215	(18)
I. Introduction		215	(1)
II. Structure and Cell Biology		215	(7)
III. Mechanisms of Toxicity		222	(1)
IV. Response to Injury		223	(7)
V. Evaluation of Bone Marrow Toxicity		230	(1)
VI. Summary and Conclusions		231	(1)
Suggested Reading		232	(1)
10. Immune System		233	(42)
I. Introduction		233	(1)
II. Function and Structure of the Immune System		234	(13)
III. Mechanisms of Toxicity and Response to Injury		247	(11)
IV. Morphology of the Response to Toxic Injury		258	(11)
V. Testing for Immunotoxicity		269	(3)
VI. Summary		272	(1)
Suggested Reading		272	(3)
11. Skeletal System		275	(35)
I. Introduction		275	(1)
II. Skeletal Structure and Composition		276	(2)
III. Bone Physiology and Function		278	(3)
IV. Mechanisms of Toxicity		281	(6)
V. Response of the Skeleton to Toxic Injury		287	(15)
VI. Evaluation of Skeletal Toxicity		302	(5)
VII. Summary		307	(1)
Suggested Reading		308	(2)
12. Cardiovascular and Skeletal Muscle Systems		310	(45)
PART I. HEART		310	(25)
I. Introduction		310	(1)
II. Structure and Function		310	(5)
III. Mechanisms of Toxicity		315	(6)
IV. Response to Injury		321	(10)
V. Testing for Toxicity		331	(4)
PART II. VESSELS		335	(10)
I. Introduction		335	(1)
II. Structure and Function		335	(2)
III. Mechanisms of Toxicity		337	(3)
IV. Response to Injury		340	(3)
V. Evaluation of Vasotoxic Effects		343	(2)
PART III. SKELETAL MUSCLE		345	(8)
I. Introduction		345	(1)
II. Structure and Function		345	(2)
III. Mechanisms of Toxicity		347	(2)
IV. Response to Injury		349	(3)
V. Evaluation of the Effects of Xenobiotics on Skeletal Muscle		352	(1)
Suggested Reading		353	(2)
13. Nervous System		355	(40)
I. Introduction		355	(1)
II. Structure and Function		356	(6)
III. Mechanisms of Toxicity		362	(4)
IV. Response to Injury		366	(25)
V. Testing for Toxicity		391	(1)
VI. Use of Animals as Models for Human Neurotoxicity		392	(1)
Suggested Reading		393	(2)
14. Endocrine System		395	(48)
I. Introduction		395	(1)
II. Adrenal Cortex		396	(11)
III. Adrenal Medulla		407	(4)
IV. Pituitary Gland		411	(3)
V. Thyroid C Cells		414	(4)
VI. Thyroid Follicular Cells		418	(17)
VII. Parathyroid Gland		435	(6)
Suggested Reading		441	(2)
15. Male Reproductive System		443	(42)
I. Introduction		443	(1)
II. Structure and Cell Biology		444	(16)
III. Physiology and Functional Considerations		460	(4)
IV. Mechanisms of Toxicity		464	(4)
V. Response to Injury		468	(9)
VI. Testing for Toxicity		477	(6)
VII. Conclusions		483	(1)
Suggested Reading		483	(2)
16. Female Reproductive System		485	(30)
I. Introduction		485	(1)
II. Structure and Functional Physiology		486	(8)
III. Mechanisms of Toxicity		494	(7)
IV. Response to Injury		501	(11)
V. Testing for Toxicity		512	(2)
VI. Summary		514	(1)
Suggested Reading		514	(1)
17. Fetus		515	(28)
I. Introduction		515	(1)
II. Normal Morphologic Development		516	(3)
III. Mechanisms of Toxicity		519	(3)
IV. Response to Injury		522	(6)
V. Selected Malformations		528	(10)
VI. Teratogenicity Testing and Risk Assessment		538	(3)
VII. Conclusions		541	(1)
Suggested Reading		541	(2)
Index		543

Colin G. Rousseaux, BVSc, Ph.D., DABT, FIATP, is also a Fellow of the Royal College of Pathology (FRCPath) and Fellow of the Academy of Toxicological Sciences (FATS). He is a Professor (Adjunct) in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Canada. He has over 35 years of experience in comparative and toxicologic pathology with a research focus on herbal remedies, fetal development and teratology, and environmental pollutants. He has described, investigated, and evaluated numerous toxicologic pathology issues associated with pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and agrochemicals. He has served on the editorial board of Toxicologic Pathology. He is a former President of the STP. Colin served as an Editor for the three editions of the Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology and Haschek and Rousseauxs Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology. Professor Haschek-Hock has served as president of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology and the Society of Toxicologys Comparative and Veterinary Specialty Section, as well as Councilor of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists, board member of the American Board of Toxicology; as Associate Editor for Toxicological Sciences and for Toxicologic Pathology; as Editorial Board member for Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, Veterinary Pathology and Toxicologic Pathology. She has served as a member on the USFDA Veterinary Medicine Advisory Committee for the Center for Veterinary Medicine, the EPAs FIFRA Science Advisory Panel, and National Academy of Sciences Committee. She currently serves on the Board of Directors of the C.L. Davis Foundation for the Advancement of Veterinary and Comparative Pathology. She was awarded the Society of Toxicologic Pathologys Achievement Award in 2007 and the Midwest Regional Chapter Society of Toxicologys Kenneth DuBois Award in 2011.