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Herod: King of the Jews and Friend of the Romans examines the life, work, and influence of this controversial figure, who remains the most highly visible of the Roman client kings under Augustus. Herod’s rule shaped the world in which Christianity arose and his influence can still be seen today. In this expanded second edition, additions to the original text include discussion of the archaeological evidence of Herod’s activity, his building program, numismatic evidence, and consideration of the roles and activities of other client kings in relation to Herod. This volume includes new maps and numerous photographs, and these coupled with the new additions to the text make this a valuable tool for those interested in the wider Roman world of the late first century BCE at both under- and postgraduate levels. Herod remains the definitive study of the life and activities of the king known traditionally as Herod the Great.

Recenzijos

"The first edition of Peter Richardsons Herod King of the Jews and Friend of the Romans quickly established itself not only for its coherent and readable account of a figure of perpetual fascination, accessible for a more academic and a lay audience alike, but also for its attention to Herods building programme, and to the material evidence alongside the documentary. This second edition is to be warmly welcomed: if the overall estimation is consistent, revisions and additions are pervasive, reflecting both the ongoing contributions of scholarship, and the continuing engagement of Richardson and now of Amy Marie Fisher. For the richness of its rounded portrayal it deserves to be discovered and enjoyed by a new generation of readers across the disciplinary boundaries demarcating the ancient Mediterranean world."

- Professor Judith Lieu, University of Cambridge, UK

"They offer often scathing critical analyses of the sources, camoes of many of the most notable people of the times, and an interesting discussion of how and why Herod came to be seen as a villain by both Jews and Christians. Herod is a worthwhile read for the seasoned student of ancient history."

- NYMAS Review, No. 68, Winter 2018

List of tables xiii
List of maps xiv
List of figures xv
Preface and acknowledgments xvii
Image credits xxi
Abbreviations xxii
Introduction 1(36)
"The achievements of King Herod"
1(3)
A century of studies of Herod (from Otto to Vermes and Marshak)
4(12)
Beginnings
5(1)
Classic studies
6(5)
The last two decades
11(4)
Conclusion
15(1)
Josephus's accounts of Herod's life
16(3)
Sources
16(1)
Historiography
17(1)
Narrative
18(1)
Rhetoric
18(1)
Conclusion
19(1)
Chronology of Herod's life
19(11)
Schematic family tree
30(1)
Part I and Part II
30(7)
Part I: Herod's life 37(160)
1 In the end is the beginning
39(21)
The eagle, or a king's eclipse
39(2)
Death of a king
41(2)
Family squabbles in Rome
43(6)
Augustus's indecision
49(4)
The delegations' evaluations
53(3)
Herod and the Roman Jewish community
56(4)
2 From Idumea to Petra (to 64 BCE)
60(27)
Introduction
60(1)
Idumeans
61(8)
Nabateans
69(4)
Itureans
73(4)
Hasmoneans
77(3)
Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II
80(2)
Antipater
82(5)
3 From Petra to Rome (64-40 BCE)
87(32)
Pompey, Gabinius, and Antipater's rise to power
87(6)
Caesar and Cassius
93(5)
Herod's trial
98(5)
Civil war
103(4)
Parthia
107(2)
Herod and Antigonus
109(6)
King of Judea
115(4)
4 From Rome to Rhodes (40-30 BCE)
119(21)
Up to Jerusalem: the first season's campaign
119(4)
Up to Jerusalem: the second season's campaign
123(1)
The battle for Jerusalem
124(4)
Alexandra, Cleopatra, and the death of Aristobulus III
128(3)
Nabatean war
131(3)
The end of Hyrcanus II
134(2)
Herod meets Octavian at Rhodes
136(4)
5 From Rhodes to Rome (30-17 BCE)
140(26)
Mariamme's execution
140(4)
Appended note
142(2)
The deaths of Alexandra and Costobar
144(1)
Judean society
145(4)
Herod and Augustus
149(2)
Amici
151(4)
Princeps and king
155(5)
Internal matters
160(3)
To Rome
163(3)
6 From Rome to Jericho (17-4 BCE)
166(31)
Augustus, Marcus Agrippa, and Herod
166(2)
The Diaspora
168(2)
A synagogue in Rome?
170(2)
The decrees
172(1)
Suit of Ionian Jews
173(2)
Benefactions
175(1)
The household
175(4)
To Rome again
179(1)
The Nabatean War (12-9 BCE)
180(2)
In Jerusalem
182(2)
Archelaus, Eurycles, and Eunuchs
184(2)
The execution of Alexander and Aristobulus
186(1)
Antipater's end
187(5)
Conclusion
192(5)
Part II: Herod in context 197(217)
7 Late Hellenism in the Levant
199(16)
Syria
199(2)
Dependent kingdoms
201(5)
The Decapolis
206(3)
The coastal cities
209(3)
Conclusion
212(3)
8 The kingdom
215(20)
Galilee
215(4)
Judea
219(4)
Samaritis
223(2)
Gaulanitis, Batanea, Auranitis, and Trachonitis
225(4)
Perea
229(2)
Conclusion
231(4)
9 Herod's architecture and archaeological remains
235(55)
Establishment of the kingdom
243(14)
The early years: building small, but luxuriously
243(6)
The post-Actium building phase: expansion
249(8)
Creation of a legacy
257(24)
Masada: the cascading palace
257(2)
Herodium: fortress and palace
259(6)
Caesarea Maritima: city on the sea
265(8)
Interlude: the third Temple to Roma and Augustus
273(1)
Jericho: the third and final palace
274(2)
The Temple and the Temple Mount in Jerusalem
276(2)
Herodium: mausoleum
278(3)
Other building projects
281(4)
Conclusion
285(5)
10 Herod's finances: inscriptions, coins, and economy
290(39)
Inscriptions
290(9)
Inscriptions of Agrippa I and Agrippa II
299(2)
Contextual inscriptions from Herod's time
301(2)
Persons in Herod's story
303(3)
Conclusion
306(1)
Numismatics
306(13)
Herod's coins
309(1)
The symbols on the coins
310(6)
The mint(s) of Herod's coins
316(3)
Economy of Herod's kingdom
319(10)
11 Religious and military elites
329(32)
Introduction
329(1)
Herod and the priestly elite
329(8)
Josephus's account of Herod and the temple
337(3)
Herod and groups or parties
340(10)
Brigands
340(2)
Sadducees
342(1)
Pharisees
343(2)
Essenes
345(2)
Herodians
347(1)
Conclusion
348(2)
Herod's army and navy: a military elite
350(11)
Army
350(2)
Navy
352(1)
Infrastructure
353(4)
Conclusion
357(4)
12 Family matters
361(26)
Herod's wills
361(5)
Will one (23/22 BCE)
362(1)
Will two (14/13 BCE)
363(1)
Will three (12 BCE)
363(1)
Will four (7 BCE)
363(1)
Will five (6 BCE)
364(1)
Will six (5/4 BCE)
364(1)
Will seven (4 BCE)
364(1)
Herod's intentions
365(1)
Family wealth
366(2)
Dowry
366(1)
Indirect dowry and bridewealth
367(1)
Inheritance
367(1)
Genealogy and descent
368(2)
Family tree
368(2)
Marriage and divorce
370(2)
Endogamy
370(1)
Exogamy
370(1)
Restrictions
370(1)
Divorce
371(1)
Conclusion
371(1)
Herod's courtiers at work
372(15)
Religion
372(1)
Military
372(1)
Sharing the rule
373(1)
Counselors
374(1)
Appendix 1: Herod's family tree
375(8)
Appendix 2: Nikos Kokkinos's chronology of Herod's wives
383(4)
13 The Herods in Roman perspective
387(27)
Pompey, Mark Antony, and Julius Caesar
387(2)
Octavian
389(5)
Excursus: the massacre of the innocents
390(1)
Augustus, Herod, and Archelaus
391(1)
Excursus: a New Testament throne story
392(1)
Augustus, Livia, Archelaus, and Philip
392(2)
Tiberius
394(3)
Tiberius and Antipas
394(2)
Excursus: Jesus's trial
396(1)
Gaius
397(3)
Gaius and Antipas
397(1)
Gaius and Marcus Julius Agrippa I
397(3)
Claudius
400(2)
Claudius and Agrippa I
400(2)
Excursus: Paul and Felix and Drusilla
402(1)
Nero
402(2)
Nero and Agrippa II
402(1)
Excursus: Festus and Paul
403(1)
The 60s and 70s CE
403(1)
Vespasian
404(1)
Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian
404(1)
Titus
405(1)
Domitian
406(1)
Flavius Clemens and Flavia Domitilla
406(1)
Nerva
407(2)
Conclusion
409(5)
Index of references to ancient texts 414(17)
Index of modern authors 431(5)
Index of places 436(10)
Subject index 446
Peter Richardson is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Religion at the University of Toronto, Canada.









Amy Marie Fisher is an Adjunct Instructor in the Study of Religion at the University of Alberta, Canada.