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El. knyga: Human Performance: Cognition, Stress and Individual Differences

3.90/5 (20 ratings by Goodreads)
  • Formatas: 416 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 23-Oct-2013
  • Leidėjas: Psychology Press Ltd
  • ISBN-13: 9781317799641
  • Formatas: 416 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 23-Oct-2013
  • Leidėjas: Psychology Press Ltd
  • ISBN-13: 9781317799641

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Human Performance provides the student and researcher with a comprehensive and accessible review of performance, in the real world and essential cognitive science theory. Four main sections cover both theoretical and practical issues: Section One outlines the perspectives on performance offered by contemporary cognitive science, including information processing and neuroscience perspectives. Section Two presents a multi-level view of the performer as biological organism, information-processor and intentional agent. It reviews the development of the cognitive theory of performance through experimental studies and also looks at practical issues such as human error. Section Three reviews the impact of stress factors such as noise, fatigue and illness on performance. Section Four assesses individual and group differences in performance with accounts of ability, personality and aging.

Recenzijos

'It was a pleasure to read this book. It deals with relatively complex subject matter in an easy-to-read, practical style. It is evident that the authors have an underlying desire to inform rather than impress, yet the book is impressive because of their approach. I would recommend this book as essential reading for any psychology student or professional working in the field.' - Ergonomics Abstracts

'Matthews and his fellow authors have done an excellent job of providing the reader with well-informed and thought-provoking accounts of the current state of knowledge with respect to the ways in which numerous stressors influence human cognition and performance. That is a significant achievement given the substantial research literature that has built up with respect to many of the findings.' - Contemporary Psychology: An American Psychological Association journal 'Overall, the book does its job well, providing a highly readable and stimulating introduction to the topic. As is necessary in any textbook, it manages both to review familiar material and to illustrate new developments and current research ideas. The effective balance between technical detail and overall perspective, coupled with the ambitious level of some of the discussion, makes it suitable for both introductory classes and more advanced courses, even at a postgraduate level.' - G.R.J. Hockey, University of Leeds, in 'The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, Section A'

'A useful and significant student text.' - Jan Noyes, University of Bristol

'Human Performance is the answer to my quest for a theoretically-based applied psychological text ... I found the text well written and difficult to put down.' - Neville Stanton, Brunel University

'It was a pleasure to read this book. It deals with relatively complex subject matter in an easy-to-read, practical style. It is evident that the authors have an underlying desire to inform rather than impress, yet the book is impressive because of their approach. I would recommend this book as essential reading for any psychology student or professional working in the field.' - Celine McKeown, Link Ergonomics, Ergonomics Abstracts

'The text is ideally suited to the undergraduate market and students will benefit from the clarity of the exposition, coverage of relevant theory and recommendations for further reading.' - Kav Vedhara, University of Bristol

'Matthews and his fellow authors have done an excellent job of providing the reader with well-informed and thought-provoking accounts of the current state of knowledge with respect to the ways in which numerous stressors influence human cognition and performance. That is a significant achievement given the substantial research literature that has built up with respect to many of the findings. The authors are also successful in clarifying the reasons why many of the theoretical ideas that were highly influential in the past have now largely been discarded by those currently working in the field of human performance.' - Michael W. Eysenck, Royal Holloway, University of London, Contemporary Psychology: An American Psychological Association journal

List of tables
xi
List of figures
xiii
Prologue xvii
Introduction
1(20)
What is performance psychology?
1(2)
The historical roots of human performance psychology
3(3)
The computational metaphor for performance
6(6)
Applications of performance psychology
12(6)
Conclusions
18(3)
Further reading
19(2)
Modelling the cognitive architecture
21(24)
Cognitive models of performance
21(3)
Fundamental constructs of cognitive models
24(5)
Parallel processing models
29(5)
The energetics of cognition: Capacity, resources and attention
34(1)
Voluntary control and strategy
35(4)
Biological bases for performance
39(4)
Conclusions
43(2)
Further reading
44(1)
Key subsystems of the cognitive architecture
45(22)
Introduction: Dividing the architecture into subsystems
45(2)
Models for rapid response
47(7)
Levels of control models
54(5)
Models of memory for performance research
59(4)
Working memory
63(2)
Conclusions
65(2)
Further reading
66(1)
Selective attention
67(20)
Basic issues
67(3)
Early vs. late selection
70(6)
Contemporary selection theories
76(4)
Priming and selection
80(5)
Conclusions
85(2)
Further reading
85(2)
Divided attention and workload
87(20)
Introduction
87(1)
Constraints on dual-task performance
88(3)
Resource theories
91(6)
Workload assessment
97(3)
Task similarity and dual-task interference
100(3)
The future of resource theory
103(3)
Conclusions
106(1)
Further reading
106(1)
Vigilance and Sustained attention
107(18)
The assessment of performance in vigilance situations
110(3)
Task factors affecting vigilance performance
113(4)
Theories of vigilance
117(7)
Conclusions
124(1)
Further reading
124(1)
Skilled performance
125(16)
The learning of skills
125(3)
Theories of skill acquisition
128(3)
Modelling skill acquisition using production systems
131(3)
Motor and cognitive-motor skills
134(5)
Conclusions
139(2)
Further reading
139(2)
Human error
141(20)
Introduction
141(1)
The human-machine interface
141(6)
Approaches to human error
147(3)
Errors and accidents
150(5)
Individual differences in error proneness and accident liability
155(4)
Conclusions
159(2)
Further reading
160(1)
Stress, arousal and performance: An introduction
161(16)
Introduction
161(1)
Stress and arousal
162(2)
Arousal theory and the Yerkes-Dodson Law
164(5)
Perspectives from Cognitive psychology
169(2)
Motivation and stress
171(3)
Stress and the active control of performance
174(2)
Conclusions
176(1)
Further reading
176(1)
Noise and irrelevant speech
177(16)
Introduction
177(3)
Noise and performance
180(3)
Mechanisms for noise effects on performance
183(4)
Contextual and situational effects
187(1)
Susceptibility to the effects of noise
188(1)
Irrelevant speech
189(2)
Conclusions
191(2)
Further reading
192(1)
Thermal stress and other physical stressors
193(14)
Introduction
193(1)
Heat and performance
194(5)
Cold and performance
199(3)
Perils of the workplace: Other physical stressors
202(3)
Conclusions
205(2)
Futher reading
206(1)
Fatigue and the energetics of performance
207(18)
Introduction: Fatigue and energetics
207(1)
Task-induced fatigue
208(4)
Sleep deprivation
212(4)
Time of day and circadian rhythms
216(6)
Theories of fatigue revisited
222(2)
Conclusions
224(1)
Further reading
224(1)
Lifestyle and performance: Health, diet and drugs
225(16)
Illness and performance
225(2)
Acute illness: Colds and influenza
227(1)
Chronic diseases
227(3)
Nutrition
230(2)
Drugs and performance
232(1)
Alcohol and performance
233(3)
Stimulants: Caffeine and nicotine
236(4)
Conclusions
240(1)
Further reading
240(1)
Individual differences in ability and performance
241(24)
Investigating individual differences
241(2)
Dimensions of individual differences in performance
243(3)
Cognitive foundations of ability
246(5)
Group differences in ability
251(4)
Individual differences in skill acquisition
255(4)
Abilities in the real world
259(3)
Conclusions
262(3)
Further reading
263(2)
Individual differences: Personality and mood
265(22)
Introduction
265(2)
Extraversion
267(4)
Anxiety and neuroticism
271(6)
Mood states
277(2)
Personality and occupational performance
279(2)
Personality, performance and adaptation to real-world environments
281(3)
Conclusions
284(3)
Further reading
285(2)
Ageing and human performance
287(24)
Introduction
287(1)
Methodological considerations in research on ageing and human performance
288(1)
Age and sensory performance
289(3)
Age and response speed
292(2)
Age and attention
294(4)
Age and memory
298(3)
Age and job performance
301(5)
Theories of age differences in Performance
306(3)
Conclusions
309(2)
Further reading
309(2)
Epilogue 311(6)
The biological performer
311(2)
The information-processing performer
313(1)
The intentional performer
314(1)
The future of human performance research
315(2)
References 317(56)
Author Index 373(20)
Subject Index 393
Gerald Mathews is Associate Professor in Psychology at the University of Cincinnati. D. Roy Davies is Reader in Experimental Psycholgy at Aston University. Stephen J. Westerman is a lecturer at the Psycholgy Institute at Aston university. Rob B. Stammers is the Professor of Occupational Psychology at Leicester University.