Contributors |
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xv | |
Preface |
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xvii | |
1 Bacterial infections in the lungs of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases |
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1 | (1) |
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2 Increased risk of bacterial infections in the lungs of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases |
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1 | (1) |
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3 Pathogenesis of the increased susceptibility to bacterial infections in the lungs of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases |
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2 | (4) |
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3.1 Effects on the immune response to bacteria of a concomitant immunosuppressive therapy |
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4 | (2) |
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4 Clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and treatment of the bacterial infections of the lungs in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases |
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6 | (1) |
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5 Prevention of bacterial infections of the lungs in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (5) |
2 Invasive fungal diseases in patients with rheumatic diseases |
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13 | (4) |
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17 | (12) |
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17 | (5) |
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22 | (3) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (9) |
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29 | (3) |
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32 | (3) |
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3.3 Paracoccidioidomycosis |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (11) |
3 Urinary tract infection and autoimmune diseases |
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49 | (1) |
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2 Definitions and diagnosis |
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49 | (1) |
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3 Epidemiology and risk factors |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (2) |
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7.1 Management of nonbacterial urinary tract infections |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (3) |
4 Viral hepatitis |
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59 | (4) |
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1.1 Virology and pathogenesis |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (1) |
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1.3 Epidemiology and transmission |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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1.5 Prevention and therapy |
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62 | (1) |
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1.6 Rheumatologic presentations of hepatitis A |
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62 | (1) |
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1.7 Influence of autoimmune conditions and treatments on hepatitis A |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (8) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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2.3 Epidemiology and transmission route |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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2.5 Prevention and therapy |
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66 | (1) |
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2.6 Rheumatologic presentations of hepatitis B infection |
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67 | (1) |
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2.7 Influence of autoimmune conditions on hepatitis B |
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67 | (1) |
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2.8 Influence of autoimmune treatments on hepatitis B |
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67 | (3) |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (3) |
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71 | (1) |
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4.2 Global epidemiology and transmission route |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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4.4 Prevention and therapy |
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72 | (1) |
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4.5 Rheumatologic presentations of hepatitis C |
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73 | (1) |
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4.6 Influence of autoimmune conditions on hepatitis C |
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73 | (1) |
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4.7 Influence of rheumatological treatments on hepatitis C |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (4) |
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74 | (1) |
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5.2 Epidemiology and transmission route |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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5.4 Prevention and therapy |
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76 | (1) |
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5.5 Rheumatologic presentations of hepatitis E |
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76 | (1) |
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5.6 Influence of autoimmune treatments on hepatitis E |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (5) |
5 Mycobacteria and immunosuppression |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (17) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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2.3 Clinical presentation |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (3) |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (1) |
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2.7 Nontuberculous Mycobacteria |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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2.11 Particularities in autoimmune diseases |
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95 | (1) |
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2.12 Clinical presentation |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (6) |
6 The immunosuppressed traveler: infection risks with autoimmunity and immunosuppression, vaccinations, and general travel advice |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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2 Risk assessment and travel medicine |
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110 | (2) |
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110 | (1) |
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2.2 Risk assessment framework |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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2.7 Travelers visiting friends and relatives |
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112 | (1) |
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3 Types of immunosuppression used in autoimmune disease and their mechanisms of action |
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112 | (2) |
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3.1 Defining immunosuppression |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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3.4 TNF-alpha blockers and immunization |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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4 Immunosuppression for autoimmunity and travel medicine |
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114 | (1) |
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4.1 Patients considered to have limited immunosuppression include |
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114 | (1) |
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4.2 Patients considered to be at risk of significant immunosuppression include patients treated with the following |
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115 | (1) |
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4.3 General implications of significant immunosuppression |
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115 | (1) |
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5 Vaccination in the immunosuppressed traveler |
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115 | (2) |
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5.1 General vaccine considerations with significant immunosuppression |
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115 | (1) |
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5.2 Live vaccinations available in Europe |
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116 | (1) |
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6 Vaccine preventable, travel-related infections in the significantly immunosuppressed traveler |
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117 | (6) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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6.5 Meningococcal disease |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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6.7 Japanese encephalitis |
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122 | (1) |
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7 Vector-borne infections in the significantly immunosuppressed traveler |
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123 | (4) |
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7.1 Mosquito bite avoidance |
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123 | (1) |
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7.2 Tick-borne infections |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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8 Other nonvaccine preventable infections |
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127 | (7) |
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8.1 Travellers' diarrhea, food, and water hygiene |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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8.5 Sexually transmitted infections |
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133 | (1) |
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8.6 Emerging infectious diseases |
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133 | (1) |
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9 Other travel considerations |
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134 | (2) |
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134 | (1) |
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9.2 Preexisting medical conditions |
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134 | (1) |
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9.3 Road traffic accidents |
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135 | (1) |
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9.4 Venous thromboembolism |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (7) |
7 Infections in systemic autoimmune diseases |
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143 | (1) |
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2 Section 1: Patient factors |
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143 | (3) |
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143 | (1) |
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2.2 Functional disability |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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3 Section 2: Immunological dysfunction |
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146 | (4) |
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146 | (1) |
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3.2 Adaptive immune system |
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146 | (3) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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5 Section 3: Disease severity |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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5.2 Systemic lupus erythematosus |
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152 | (1) |
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6 Section 4: Impact of drug therapy on infection risk |
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152 | (1) |
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7 Conventional synthetic DMARDs |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (2) |
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10 Janus kinase inhibitors |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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12.2 Immunotherapy in macrophage activation syndrome |
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158 | (1) |
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13 Beneficial effect of biologics disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on the risk of sepsis |
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158 | (1) |
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13.1 Discontinuation of bDMARDs during a serious infection |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (8) |
8 Bone and joint bacterial infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
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167 | (1) |
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2 Bone and joint infections |
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167 | (1) |
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3 Prosthetic joint infections |
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168 | (2) |
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3.1 Definitions and classification |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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4 Chronic osteomyelitis and implant-associated osteomyelitis of long bones |
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170 | (1) |
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4.1 Definition and classification |
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170 | (1) |
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4.2 Etiological agents and risk factors |
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170 | (1) |
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5 Infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients and the use of drugs |
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171 | (2) |
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5.1 Conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs |
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171 | (1) |
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5.2 Septic arthritis and perioperative joint infections |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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5.4 Anti-TNF agents and septic arthritis and perioperative joint infections |
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172 | (1) |
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5.5 Newer biological agents |
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173 | (1) |
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5.6 Septic arthritis and perioperative joint infections |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (5) |
9 Risk/benefit management in the infectious phase in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases |
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179 | (1) |
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2 Serious infections in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs |
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180 | (2) |
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3 Opportunistic infection in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs |
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182 | (13) |
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3.1 Tuberculosis in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs |
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183 | (3) |
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3.2 Nontuberculous mycobacteria infections in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs |
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186 | (1) |
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3.3 Salmonella species infection in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs |
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187 | (1) |
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3.4 Pneumocystis jirovecii infection in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs |
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187 | (1) |
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3.5 Varicella-zoster virus infection in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs |
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188 | (2) |
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3.6 Hepatitis B infection in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs |
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190 | (3) |
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3.7 Hepatitis C infection in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs |
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193 | (1) |
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3.8 Listeria monocytogenes infection in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs |
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194 | (1) |
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3.9 Mycosis infection in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (9) |
Index |
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