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El. knyga: Infections in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: Risk Factors and Management

Volume editor (Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de San), Volume editor (Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan/UNIMI, Milan, Italy), Volume editor , Volume editor (Full Professor and Head of Rheumatology Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy)
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Infections in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: Risk Factors and Management, Volume Sixteen describes the state-of-the-art of the risk factors and management treating the most common systemic autoimmune diseases (SADS). This updated volume consists of an introductory chapter that provides a brief overview of what different types of infectious diseases exist, followed by eight chapters detailing risk factors, guidelines and recommendations per different disease and bacterial infections. International in scope, the list of more than 20 contributors from Europa and America reads like a who’s who of clinical researchers in the field.

  • Written by leading international clinical/surgical and scientific experts on Infection problems in systemic autoimmune diseases
  • Provides a practical guide to the safer treatment of infections in patients with autoimmune diseases
  • Includes a number of problems and recommendation that cannot be found in other books
  • Designed as a ‘guide to clinical practice’ for management and risk interventions required by patients with SAD’s

Recenzijos

"This is a short yet comprehensive book describing infections in systemic autoimmune diseases. This series, with over 30 contributors and 15 predecessor volumes to this 16th volume, collectively presents a comprehensive resource for rheumatologists, clinical immunologists, infectious disease specialists, and internists who are searching for updates on the subject." --Doody

Contributors xv
Preface xvii
1 Bacterial infections in the lungs of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases
Ilaria Di Cataldo
Alfio Proietto
Irene Coppolino
Mario Francesco Cannavo
Attilio Cotroneo
Federica Lo Bello
Paolo Ruggeri
Ian M. Adcock
Gaetano Caramori
1 Introduction
1(1)
2 Increased risk of bacterial infections in the lungs of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases
1(1)
3 Pathogenesis of the increased susceptibility to bacterial infections in the lungs of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases
2(4)
3.1 Effects on the immune response to bacteria of a concomitant immunosuppressive therapy
4(2)
4 Clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and treatment of the bacterial infections of the lungs in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases
6(1)
5 Prevention of bacterial infections of the lungs in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases
6(1)
6 Conclusions
7(1)
7 Take home messages
7(1)
References
8(5)
2 Invasive fungal diseases in patients with rheumatic diseases
Spinello Antinori
Andrea Giacomelli
1 Introduction
13(4)
2 Ubiquitous mycoses
17(12)
2.1 Pneumocystosis
17(5)
2.2 Cryptococcosis
22(3)
2.3 Candidiasis
25(2)
2.4 Aspergillosis
27(2)
3 Endemic mycoses
29(9)
3.1 Histoplasmosis
29(3)
3.2 Coccidioidomycosis
32(3)
3.3 Paracoccidioidomycosis
35(1)
3.4 Talaromycosis
36(1)
3.5 Blastomycosis
37(1)
3.6 Sporotrichosis
38(1)
References
38(11)
3 Urinary tract infection and autoimmune diseases
Ana Matas
Marc Xipell
Marta Bodro
Ricard Cervera
Luis F. Quintana
1 Introduction
49(1)
2 Definitions and diagnosis
49(1)
3 Epidemiology and risk factors
50(1)
4 Etiology
51(1)
5 Clinical features
52(1)
6 Supplementary tests
53(1)
6.1 Laboratory findings
53(1)
6.2 Imaging techniques
53(1)
7 Management
54(2)
7.1 Management of nonbacterial urinary tract infections
56(1)
Bibliography
56(3)
4 Viral hepatitis
Andrew Ustianowski
Karen Devine
1 Hepatitis A
59(4)
1.1 Virology and pathogenesis
59(2)
1.2 Natural history
61(1)
1.3 Epidemiology and transmission
61(1)
1.4 Diagnostics
62(1)
1.5 Prevention and therapy
62(1)
1.6 Rheumatologic presentations of hepatitis A
62(1)
1.7 Influence of autoimmune conditions and treatments on hepatitis A
63(1)
1.8 Conclusions
63(1)
2 Hepatitis B
63(8)
2.1 H BV virology
63(1)
2.2 Natural history
64(1)
2.3 Epidemiology and transmission route
65(1)
2.4 Diagnostics
65(1)
2.5 Prevention and therapy
66(1)
2.6 Rheumatologic presentations of hepatitis B infection
67(1)
2.7 Influence of autoimmune conditions on hepatitis B
67(1)
2.8 Influence of autoimmune treatments on hepatitis B
67(3)
2.9 Management
70(1)
2.10 Conclusions
70(1)
3 HDV coinfection
71(1)
4 Hepatitis C
71(3)
4.1 Natural history
71(1)
4.2 Global epidemiology and transmission route
72(1)
4.3 Diagnostics
72(1)
4.4 Prevention and therapy
72(1)
4.5 Rheumatologic presentations of hepatitis C
73(1)
4.6 Influence of autoimmune conditions on hepatitis C
73(1)
4.7 Influence of rheumatological treatments on hepatitis C
74(1)
4.8 Conclusions
74(1)
5 Hepatitis E
74(4)
5.1 Natural history
74(1)
5.2 Epidemiology and transmission route
75(1)
5.3 Diagnostics
75(1)
5.4 Prevention and therapy
76(1)
5.5 Rheumatologic presentations of hepatitis E
76(1)
5.6 Influence of autoimmune treatments on hepatitis E
77(1)
5.7 Conclusions
77(1)
References
78(5)
5 Mycobacteria and immunosuppression
Kevin L. Winthrop
Emilie Emilie Roy
1 Introduction
83(1)
2 Tuberculosis
84(17)
2.1 Epidemiology
84(1)
2.2 Pathophysiology
85(1)
2.3 Clinical presentation
86(1)
2.4 Diagnosis
87(3)
2.5 Treatment
90(2)
2.6 Follow-up
92(1)
2.7 Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
92(1)
2.8 Microbiology
93(1)
2.9 Epidemiology
94(1)
2.10 Pathophysiology
95(1)
2.11 Particularities in autoimmune diseases
95(1)
2.12 Clinical presentation
96(1)
2.13 Diagnostic
97(2)
2.14 Treatment
99(1)
2.15 Prognosis
100(1)
2.16 Prevention
101(1)
3 Leprosy
101(1)
4 Buruli Ulcer
102(1)
5 Conclusion
103(1)
References
103(6)
6 The immunosuppressed traveler: infection risks with autoimmunity and immunosuppression, vaccinations, and general travel advice
Victoria Allen
Nicky Longley
James B. Galloway
Katie Bechman
1 Introduction
109(1)
1.1 This chapter aims to
110(1)
2 Risk assessment and travel medicine
110(2)
2.1 Defining risk
110(1)
2.2 Risk assessment framework
110(1)
2.3 Person
111(1)
2.4 Activities
111(1)
2.5 Place
111(1)
2.6 Time
111(1)
2.7 Travelers visiting friends and relatives
112(1)
3 Types of immunosuppression used in autoimmune disease and their mechanisms of action
112(2)
3.1 Defining immunosuppression
112(1)
3.2 Biological therapies
112(1)
3.3 TNF-alpha inhibitors
113(1)
3.4 TNF-alpha blockers and immunization
113(1)
3.5 Rituximab
113(1)
3.6 Nonbiological drugs
114(1)
4 Immunosuppression for autoimmunity and travel medicine
114(1)
4.1 Patients considered to have limited immunosuppression include
114(1)
4.2 Patients considered to be at risk of significant immunosuppression include patients treated with the following
115(1)
4.3 General implications of significant immunosuppression
115(1)
5 Vaccination in the immunosuppressed traveler
115(2)
5.1 General vaccine considerations with significant immunosuppression
115(1)
5.2 Live vaccinations available in Europe
116(1)
6 Vaccine preventable, travel-related infections in the significantly immunosuppressed traveler
117(6)
6.1 Yellow Fever
117(1)
6.2 Typhoid
118(1)
6.3 Hepatitis A
118(1)
6.4 Rabies
119(1)
6.5 Meningococcal disease
120(1)
6.6 Influenza
121(1)
6.7 Japanese encephalitis
122(1)
7 Vector-borne infections in the significantly immunosuppressed traveler
123(4)
7.1 Mosquito bite avoidance
123(1)
7.2 Tick-borne infections
124(1)
7.3 Malaria
124(1)
7.4 Chagas disease
125(1)
7.5 Leishmaniasis
126(1)
8 Other nonvaccine preventable infections
127(7)
8.1 Travellers' diarrhea, food, and water hygiene
127(2)
8.2 Hepatitis E
129(1)
8.3 Strongyloidiasis
130(1)
8.4 Fungal infections
131(2)
8.5 Sexually transmitted infections
133(1)
8.6 Emerging infectious diseases
133(1)
9 Other travel considerations
134(2)
9.1 Travel insurance
134(1)
9.2 Preexisting medical conditions
134(1)
9.3 Road traffic accidents
135(1)
9.4 Venous thromboembolism
135(1)
9.5 Sun exposure
136(1)
10 Conclusions
136(1)
References
136(7)
7 Infections in systemic autoimmune diseases
Miriam Dixon-Zegeye
Andrew Rutherford
1 Introduction
143(1)
2 Section 1: Patient factors
143(3)
2.1 Age
143(1)
2.2 Functional disability
144(1)
2.3 Comorbidity
144(1)
2.4 Smoking
145(1)
2.5 Infection history
145(1)
3 Section 2: Immunological dysfunction
146(4)
3.1 Introduction
146(1)
3.2 Adaptive immune system
146(3)
3.3 Innate immunity
149(1)
4 Conclusion
150(1)
5 Section 3: Disease severity
151(1)
5.1 Rheumatoid arthritis
151(1)
5.2 Systemic lupus erythematosus
152(1)
6 Section 4: Impact of drug therapy on infection risk
152(1)
7 Conventional synthetic DMARDs
153(1)
8 Corticosteroids
154(1)
9 Biological therapies
154(2)
10 Janus kinase inhibitors
156(1)
11 Conclusions
156(1)
12 Section 5: Outcomes
157(1)
12.1 Anti-TNF-cc
157(1)
12.2 Immunotherapy in macrophage activation syndrome
158(1)
13 Beneficial effect of biologics disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on the risk of sepsis
158(1)
13.1 Discontinuation of bDMARDs during a serious infection
158(1)
References
159(8)
8 Bone and joint bacterial infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Ignazio Francesco Masala
Francesca Marino
Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini
Fabiola Atzeni
1 Introduction
167(1)
2 Bone and joint infections
167(1)
3 Prosthetic joint infections
168(2)
3.1 Definitions and classification
168(1)
3.2 Etiological agents
168(1)
3.3 Risk factors
169(1)
4 Chronic osteomyelitis and implant-associated osteomyelitis of long bones
170(1)
4.1 Definition and classification
170(1)
4.2 Etiological agents and risk factors
170(1)
5 Infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients and the use of drugs
171(2)
5.1 Conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
171(1)
5.2 Septic arthritis and perioperative joint infections
171(1)
5.3 Biological drugs
172(1)
5.4 Anti-TNF agents and septic arthritis and perioperative joint infections
172(1)
5.5 Newer biological agents
173(1)
5.6 Septic arthritis and perioperative joint infections
173(1)
6 Conclusions
173(1)
7 Take-home messages
174(1)
Authors' contributions
174(1)
Competing interests
174(1)
References
174(5)
9 Risk/benefit management in the infectious phase in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Manuel Pombo-Suarez
Juan J. Gomez-Reino
1 Introduction
179(1)
2 Serious infections in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
180(2)
3 Opportunistic infection in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
182(13)
3.1 Tuberculosis in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
183(3)
3.2 Nontuberculous mycobacteria infections in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
186(1)
3.3 Salmonella species infection in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
187(1)
3.4 Pneumocystis jirovecii infection in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
187(1)
3.5 Varicella-zoster virus infection in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
188(2)
3.6 Hepatitis B infection in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
190(3)
3.7 Hepatitis C infection in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
193(1)
3.8 Listeria monocytogenes infection in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
194(1)
3.9 Mycosis infection in patients treated with biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
195(1)
4 Summary
195(1)
References
196(9)
Index 205
Fabiola Atzeni, MD, PhD is currently Full Professor and Head of the Rheumatology Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. Her clinical and research interest lies in immunotherapies in autoimmune diseases with particular focus on the investigation and management of differential response to biological therapies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Spondyloarthritis (SpA), and cardiovascular aspects of the different rheumatic diseases with particular emphasis on arteriosclerosis. Dr. Atzeni has co-authored over 400 publications in peer-reviewed journals and several book chapters, is a regular reviewer for several international journals. She is involved in several international and national meetings focused on cardiovascular and infection aspects. Massimo is Doctor of medicine at the University of Milan. And director of the department of infectious diseases Professor Juan Jose Gomez Reino MD is head of the rheumatology department at the University of Santiago. Juan obtained his MD and PhD from the Autonomous University of Madrid, he undertook his post doc training at the New York State University , Stony Brook USA. His clinical research mainly focuses on the search for improved treatments for Rheumatoid Arthrosis and Atherosclerosis which has resulted in many clinical treatment solutions. Dr Galloway is a clinical lecturer at King's College London and an honorary consultant in rheumatology at King's College Hospital. He runs the biologics assessment service for the rheumatology department. His research background has been in the study of biologic therapy safety. Within his role for KCL he works in the CRC accredited King's Clinical Trials Unit which has a large portfolio of investigator led trials. He also runs a phase 1 clinic in collaboration with the BRC facility and the Quintiles MHRA accredited Early Phase clinical trials unit at Guy's Hospital.
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