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Linguistics of Humor: An Introduction [Minkštas viršelis]

(Professor of Linguistics, Texas A&M University-Commerce)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 496 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 246x171x26 mm, weight: 862 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 25-Jun-2020
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198791283
  • ISBN-13: 9780198791287
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 496 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 246x171x26 mm, weight: 862 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 25-Jun-2020
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198791283
  • ISBN-13: 9780198791287
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
This book is the first comprehensive and systematic introduction to the linguistics of humor. Salvatore Attardo takes a broad approach to the topic, exploring not only theoretical linguistic analyses, but also pragmatic and semantic aspects, conversation and discourse analysis, ethnomethodology, and interactionist and variationist sociolinguistics. The volume begins with chapters that introduce the terminology and conceptual and methodological apparatus, as well as outlining the major theories in the field and examining incongruity and resolution and the semiotics of humor. The second part of the book explores humor competence, with chapters that cover semantic and pragmatic topics, the General Theory of Verbal Humor, and puns and their interpretation. The third part provides an in-depth discussion of the applied linguistics of humor, and examines social context, discourse and conversation analysis, and sociolinguistic aspects. In the final part of the book, the discussion is extended beyond the central field of linguistics, with chapters discussing humor in literature, in translation, and in the classroom.

The volume brings together the multiple strands of current knowledge about humor and linguistics, both theoretical and applied; it assumes no prior background in humor studies, and will be a valuable resource for students from advanced undergraduate level upwards, particularly those coming to linguistics from related disciplines.

Recenzijos

This elementary book is well structured and presented for readers without prior training in humor studies. Overall, it provides a clear foundation for understanding humor's embedding in linguistic practice, and its distinct (yet overlapping) cognitive, emotional, and physiological/embodied manifestations. As awkward as it can sometimes be to explain a joke, I enjoyed every aspect of this enlightening, eye-opening book. * Joseph Comer, Language in Society * The book-a must for linguists and humour scholarsalike -is intended to assess the current state of research and "set it out clearly in as comprehensive a framework as possible" (p. 384). * Wadysaw Chopicki, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland, The European Journal of Humour Research * Indispensable, both as a text and for deep reading and reflection, giving comprehensive insight into how linguistics applies to humorous communications and the wider realms of humour theory and analysis. This book reflects a lifetime of reading and thinking on the complex and puzzling topic--what is the nature of humour and how do we research it? * Jessica Milner Davis, University of Sydney * It is often held to be a scientific ideal that we draw from multiple disciplinary perspectives in advancing our understanding of complex social phenomena such as humour, but we fall short of that ideal for the most part. Professor Attardo shows us how it should be done. In The Linguistics of Humor, he offers us a masterful and insightful overview that will help both those new to the field, as well as seasoned researchers, navigate the rapidly growing field of humour studies. Throughout the volume he integrates different theoretical and methodological perspectives, resulting in something that is much more than the simple sum of its parts. This is a must-read for anyone interested in humour studies. * Michael Haugh, University of Queensland * No doubt the most comprehensive treatment of the linguistic study of humor. Attardo succeeds, in particular, in showing how the phenomenon (or better, phenomena) of humor involve(s) the full complexity of what people do with language. * Jef Verschueren, University of Antwerp * Attardo successfully anticipates what target audiences want to know, what questions they may have, and what narrative style is optimal for them to understand the linguistics of humor. The target audience will surely benefit from this outstanding work...Reading this book while reflecting on one's own research, linguistic researchers studying humor can get insightful information. * Baiyao Zu, Brill *

Preface xiii
List of figures
xix
List of tables
xxi
PART I Humor Studies
1 Humor studies: a few definitions
3(27)
1.1 Terminology
4(14)
1.1.1 The characters
4(3)
1.1.2 Humor as umbrella term
7(7)
1.1.3 Joke
14(3)
1.1.4 Mirth, humor, laughter
17(1)
1.2 A brief overview of humor studies
18(7)
1.2.1 Why do we need a field of study?
23(2)
1.3 A few basic distinctions
25(4)
1.3.1 Linguistic humor vs. verbal humor
25(1)
1.3.2 Humor and meta-humor
26(3)
1.4 Further readings
29(1)
2 Methodological preliminaries
30(27)
2.1 Competence and performance
31(7)
2.1.1 Application of the principle of commutation to humor
34(2)
2.1.2 Other methodologies
36(2)
2.2 Identifying humor
38(4)
2.2.1 Humor, mirth, and smiling/laughter
39(1)
2.2.2 Smiling
40(1)
2.2.3 Laughter
41(1)
2.3 Mirthful vs. non-mirthful laughter
42(8)
2.3.1 On the lack of direct linear correlation between humor and mirth displays
44(2)
2.3.2 Recognition vs. appreciation
46(3)
2.3.3 Confusion between humor and humor appreciation
49(1)
2.4 Keying
50(4)
2.4.1 Playful mode
51(2)
2.4.2 Surprise
53(1)
2.4.3 Unintentional humor
53(1)
2.5 Identifying humor: the triangulation approach
54(2)
2.6 Further readings
56(1)
3 Theories of humor and their levels
57(21)
3.1 Explanation, reductionism, essentialism
57(2)
3.2 The three major theories of humor
59(1)
3.3 Humor as release
60(4)
3.3.1 Humor as play
61(2)
3.3.2 Are release and play theories essentialist?
63(1)
3.4 Humor as incongruity
64(1)
3.5 Humor as aggression
64(3)
3.6 Other theories
67(4)
3.6.1 Neurolinguistics of humor
68(1)
3.6.2 Evolutionary theories
69(1)
3.6.3 Anti-essentialist theories
69(1)
3.6.4 Mixed, partial, and no-theory-theories
70(1)
3.7 Complementarity of the theories of humor
71(6)
3.7.1 Evaluation of theories
73(1)
3.7.2 Bisociation theory
73(1)
3.7.3 Evaluation of the theories
74(3)
3.8 Further readings
77(1)
4 Incongruity and resolution
78(17)
4.1 Incongruity
79(3)
4.1.1 Enter semantics
81(1)
4.2 Resolution
82(8)
4.2.1 The history of resolution
83(4)
4.2.2 Full vs. partial resolution
87(1)
4.2.3 Foregrounded vs. backgrounded incongruities
88(2)
4.3 Linear organization of the joke
90(3)
4.3.1 The isotopy-disjunction model
91(2)
4.4 Conclusions
93(1)
4.5 Further readings
94(1)
5 Semiotics of humor
95(18)
5.1 Humor and semiotics
96(12)
5.1.1 Communication and semiosis
96(1)
5.1.2 Connotative semiotics
97(1)
5.1.3 Perlocutionary definition of humor
98(1)
5.1.4 Defunctionalization of the sign
99(4)
5.1.5 Semantics vs. semiotics of humor
103(5)
5.2 Conclusions
108(1)
5.3 Further readings
109(4)
PART II Humor Competence
6 The semantics of humor
113(23)
6.1 The Semantic Script Theory
113(14)
6.1.1 Origins
114(2)
6.1.2 The notion of script
116(7)
6.1.3 Dynamic scripts
123(3)
6.1.4 Combinatorial explosion
126(1)
6.2 The Semantic Script Theory of Humor's two conditions
127(6)
6.2.1 Oppositeness
128(1)
6.2.2 Overlapping
128(1)
6.2.3 The exemplar doctor's wife joke
129(2)
6.2.4 Methodological issues
131(2)
6.3 Non-bona-fide
133(1)
6.4 The Ontological Semantics Theory of Humor
134(1)
6.5 Conclusions
134(1)
6.6 Further readings
135(1)
7 The General Theory of Verbal Humor
136(21)
7.1 The knowledge resources
137(15)
7.1.1 Language
138(3)
7.1.2 Narrative Strategy
141(3)
7.1.3 Target
144(3)
7.1.4 Situation
147(2)
7.1.5 Logical Mechanism
149(1)
7.1.6 Script Opposition
150(2)
7.2 Further issues with the General Theory of Verbal Humor
152(4)
7.2.1 Broadening the Theory?
152(1)
7.2.2 The application of the General Theory of Verbal Humor to longer texts
153(1)
7.2.3 A small methodological note on cherry-picking
154(2)
7.3 Conclusions
156(1)
7.4 Further readings
156(1)
8 Pragmatics of humor
157(19)
8.1 Pragmatic principles
158(5)
8.1.1 Speech acts
158(1)
8.1.2 Cooperation and implicatures
159(2)
8.1.3 Implicature
161(2)
8.1.4 Humor and the implicit
163(1)
8.2 Nature of the violation of the CP
163(5)
8.2.1 Is humor a flout?
163(3)
8.2.2 The LDP
166(2)
8.3 Irony and humor
168(2)
8.4 All humor is intentional
170(5)
8.5 Conclusions
175(1)
8.6 Further readings
175(1)
9 Verbal humor
176(25)
9.1 Defining puns
177(3)
9.2 Classifying puns
180(1)
9.3 Ways to bring about two meanings in a text
181(10)
9.3.1 Ambiguity
181(5)
9.3.2 Syntagmatic placement
186(2)
9.3.3 Paronymy and phonetic distance
188(2)
9.3.4 Connectors and disjunctors
190(1)
9.4 The fate of the interpretation
191(1)
9.5 Cratylism: resolution in puns
192(4)
9.5.1 Evidence for the Cratylistic folk-theory
194(2)
9.6 The psycholinguistics of puns
196(1)
9.7 Conclusions
197(1)
9.8 Further readings
198(3)
PART III Humor Performance
10 The performance of humor
201(34)
10.1 A little history never hurt anyone
202(9)
10.1.1 Early studies on the social context of humor
203(1)
10.1.2 Carrell's performance theory
203(1)
10.1.3 Stand-up performance
204(2)
10.1.4 Performance of canned jokes
206(1)
10.1.5 GTVH and performance
207(1)
10.1.6 Sociolinguistic approaches
208(3)
10.2 The Hymes-Gumperz sociolinguistic model
211(16)
10.2.1 Linguistic repertoires
213(2)
10.2.2 Speech acts and speech events
215(6)
10.2.3 Genres
221(5)
10.2.4 Contextualization cues
226(1)
10.3 Empirical studies on markers of humor performance
227(7)
10.4 Further readings
234(1)
11 Conversation analysis: humor in conversation I
235(28)
11.1 Conversation and discourse analysis
236(3)
11.1.1 Bracketing
236(3)
11.2 CA of laughter
239(7)
11.2.1 Laughter is indexical
239(2)
11.2.2 The definition(s) of laughable
241(5)
11.3 The canonical CA joke analysis
246(6)
11.3.1 Sacks on jokes
246(6)
11.4 Issues in CA of humor
252(9)
11.4.1 Is humor-laughter an adjacency pair?
252(1)
11.4.2 Humorous and non-humorous laughter in conversation
253(5)
11.4.3 Is humor a test of understanding?
258(1)
11.4.4 Tellability
259(2)
11.5 Conclusions
261(1)
11.6 Further readings
262(1)
12 Discourse analysis: humor in conversation II
263(36)
12.1 Functional DA
264(16)
12.1.1 Tannen's Thanksgiving dinner
266(1)
12.1.2 Catherine Davies' joint construction of humor
267(2)
12.1.3 Priego-Valverde's dialogic model
269(4)
12.1.4 Functions of humor in conversation
273(7)
12.2 Conversational humor in various settings
280(6)
12.2.1 Conversation among friends
280(1)
12.2.2 Medical
281(2)
12.2.3 Workplace
283(3)
12.3 Corpus-based discourse analysis
286(3)
12.4 Some issues in the DA of humor
289(8)
12.4.1 Establishing the humorous intention
289(2)
12.4.2 How do speakers identify humor?
291(2)
12.4.3 Failed humor
293(2)
12.4.4 Sustained humor turns
295(2)
12.5 Conclusions
297(1)
12.6 Further readings
298(1)
13 Sociolinguistics of humor
299(20)
13.1 Universality of humor
299(5)
13.2 Variationist humor theory
304(9)
13.2.1 Humor and gender
304(2)
13.2.2 Social class
306(2)
13.2.3 Age
308(1)
13.2.4 Dialects as humorous languages
309(4)
13.3 The social construction of humor
313(2)
13.4 Conclusions
315(1)
13.5 Further readings
315(4)
PART IV Applications
14 Humor in literature
319(21)
14.1 Script-based theory of humorous texts
321(7)
14.1.1 The expansionist approach
322(1)
14.1.2 Chlopicki
322(1)
14.1.3 Holcomb
323(1)
14.1.4 The revisionist approach
324(4)
14.2 Other approaches
328(2)
14.3 Narratology
330(2)
14.4 Stylistics
332(4)
14.4.1 Register humor
334(2)
14.5 Some examples of literary constructs
336(3)
14.6 Further readings
339(1)
15 Humor and translation
340(27)
15.1 A few definitions
343(1)
15.1.1 Source text and target text language
343(1)
15.1.2 Intra- and inter-semiotic translation
344(1)
15.2 Theories of humor translation
344(11)
15.2.1 Faithfulness
344(2)
15.2.2 Literal vs. functional translation
346(1)
15.2.3 Zabalbeascoa's priority scales and solution types
347(4)
15.2.4 Eco's translation-as-negotiation
351(1)
15.2.5 Skopos theory
351(2)
15.2.6 Relevance Theoretic approaches
353(2)
15.3 Audiovisual translation
355(4)
15.3.1 Dubbing
356(1)
15.3.2 Subtitling
357(1)
15.3.3 Interpreting
358(1)
15.4 Translating puns
359(6)
15.4.1 Are puns untranslatable?
360(3)
15.4.2 The practice of translating puns
363(2)
15.5 Conclusions
365(1)
15.6 Further readings
366(1)
16 Humor in the classroom
367(14)
16.1 The pioneers
368(3)
16.2 The apologists
371(1)
16.3 The realists
372(5)
16.4 Classroom discourse analysis
377(2)
16.4.1 How much humor do teachers produce in class?
378(1)
16.5 Conclusions
379(1)
16.6 Further readings
380(1)
17 Conclusion
381(4)
Glossary 385(8)
References 393(48)
Author index 441(12)
Subject index 453
Salvatore Attardo is Professor of Linguistics at Texas A&M University - Commerce. He works primarily on the linguistics of humor, and on issues relating to implicatures, irony, and rationality, and more generally on Neo-Gricean pragmatics. He was Editor-in-Chief of HUMOR: International Journal of Humor Research for ten years. His publications include Linguistic Theories of Humor (De Gruyter, 1994), Humorous Texts: A Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis (De Gruyter, 2001), and, as editor, The Encyclopedia of Humor Studies (Sage, 2014) and The Handbook of Language and Humor (Routledge, 2017).