About the Author |
|
xi | |
Preface |
|
xiii | |
|
1. An Introduction to McDonaldization |
|
|
1 | |
|
McDonald's as a Global Icon |
|
|
6 | |
|
The Long Arm of McDonaldization |
|
|
9 | |
|
The Dimensions of McDonaldization |
|
|
13 | |
|
|
13 | |
|
|
14 | |
|
|
14 | |
|
|
15 | |
|
A Critique of McDonaldization: The Irrationality of Rationality |
|
|
15 | |
|
Illustrating the Dimensions of McDonaldization: The Case of Ikea |
|
|
17 | |
|
The Advantages of McDonaldization |
|
|
19 | |
|
|
20 | |
|
|
21 | |
|
2. The Past, Present, and Future of McDonaldization: From the Iron Cage to the Fast-Food Factory and Beyond |
|
|
23 | |
|
Bureaucratization: Making Life More Rational |
|
|
24 | |
|
Weber's Theory of Rationality |
|
|
24 | |
|
Irrationality and the "Iron Cage" |
|
|
26 | |
|
The Holocaust: Mass-Produced Death |
|
|
27 | |
|
Scientific Management: Finding the One Best Way |
|
|
29 | |
|
The Assembly Line: Turning Workers Into Robots |
|
|
31 | |
|
Levittown: Putting Up Houses"Boom, Boom, Boom" |
|
|
33 | |
|
Shopping Centers: Mailing America |
|
|
35 | |
|
McDonald's: Creating the "Fast-Food Factory" |
|
|
36 | |
|
McDonaldization and Contemporary Social Changes |
|
|
39 | |
|
The Forces Driving McDonaldization: It Pays, We Value It, It Fits |
|
|
39 | |
|
Other Major Social Changes: McDonaldization in the Era of the "Posts" |
|
|
42 | |
|
The Future: Are There Any Limits to the Expansion of McDonaldization? |
|
|
50 | |
|
Looking to the Future: De-McDonaldization? |
|
|
52 | |
|
3. Efficiency: Drive-Throughs and Finger Foods |
|
|
57 | |
|
|
58 | |
|
The Fast-Food Industry: Speeding the Way From Secretion to Excretion |
|
|
59 | |
|
Home Cooking (and Related Phenomena): "I Don't Have Time to Cook" |
|
|
61 | |
|
Shopping: Creating Ever-More Efficient Selling Machines |
|
|
63 | |
|
Higher Education: Just Fill In the Box |
|
|
65 | |
|
Health Care: Docs-in-a-Box |
|
|
66 | |
|
Entertainment: Moving People (and Trash) Efficiently |
|
|
67 | |
|
Online Dating: Show Your Interest With Just a "Wink" |
|
|
70 | |
|
Other Settings: Streamlining Relationships With Even the Pope |
|
|
70 | |
|
|
72 | |
|
Putting Customers to Work |
|
|
74 | |
|
4. Calculability: Big Macs and Little Chips |
|
|
79 | |
|
Emphasizing Quantity Rather Than Quality of Products |
|
|
81 | |
|
The Fast-Food Industry: Of "Big Bites" and "Super Big Gulps" |
|
|
81 | |
|
Higher Education: Grades, Scores, Ratings, and Rankings |
|
|
84 | |
|
Health Care: Patients as Dollar Signs |
|
|
87 | |
|
Television: Aesthetics Are Always Secondary |
|
|
88 | |
|
Sports: Nadia Comaneci Scored Exactly 79.275 Points |
|
|
89 | |
|
Politics: There Were No Sound Bites in the Lincoln-Douglas Debate |
|
|
92 | |
|
Reducing Production and Service to Numbers |
|
|
93 | |
|
The Fast-Food Industry: Hustle, and a Precooked Hamburger Measures Exactly 3.875 Inches |
|
|
93 | |
|
The Workplace: A Penny the Size of a Cartwheel |
|
|
95 | |
|
5. Predictability: It Never Rains on Those Little Houses on the Hillside |
|
|
97 | |
|
Creating Predictable Settings |
|
|
98 | |
|
Motel Chains: "Magic Fingers" but No Norman Bates |
|
|
98 | |
|
The Fast-Food Industry: Thank God for Those Golden Arches |
|
|
99 | |
|
Other Settings: E.T. Can't Find His Home |
|
|
100 | |
|
Scripting Interaction With Customers |
|
|
102 | |
|
The Fast-Food Industry: "Howdy Pardner" and "Happy Trails" |
|
|
102 | |
|
Other Settings: Even the Jokes Are Scripted |
|
|
104 | |
|
Making Employee Behavior Predictable |
|
|
105 | |
|
The Fast-Food Industry: Even Hamburger University's Professors Behave Predictably |
|
|
106 | |
|
Other Settings: That Disney Look |
|
|
106 | |
|
Creating Predictable Products and Processes |
|
|
107 | |
|
The Fast-Food Industry: Even the Pickles Are Standardized |
|
|
108 | |
|
Entertainment: Welcome to McMovieworld |
|
|
109 | |
|
Sports: There's Even a McStables |
|
|
111 | |
|
Minimizing Danger and Unpleasantness |
|
|
112 | |
|
6. Control: Human and Nonhuman Robots |
|
|
115 | |
|
|
116 | |
|
The Fast-Food Industry: From Human to Mechanical Robots |
|
|
116 | |
|
Education: McChild Care Centers |
|
|
119 | |
|
Health Care: Who's Deciding Our Fate? |
|
|
120 | |
|
The Workplace: Do as I Say, Not as I Do |
|
|
121 | |
|
|
124 | |
|
The Fast-Food Industry: Get the Hell Out of There |
|
|
124 | |
|
Other Settings: It's Like Boot Camp |
|
|
126 | |
|
Controlling the Process and the Product |
|
|
128 | |
|
Food Production, Cooking, and Vending: It Cooks Itself |
|
|
128 | |
|
The Ultimate Examples of Control: Birth and Death? |
|
|
131 | |
|
Controlling Conception: Even Granny Can Conceive |
|
|
131 | |
|
Controlling Pregnancy: Choosing the Ideal Baby |
|
|
132 | |
|
Controlling Childbirth: Birth as Pathology |
|
|
134 | |
|
Controlling the Process of Dying: Designer Deaths |
|
|
137 | |
|
7. The Irrationality of Rationality: Traffic Jams on Those "Happy Trails" |
|
|
141 | |
|
Inefficiency: Long Lines at the Checkout |
|
|
142 | |
|
High Cost: Better Off at Home |
|
|
143 | |
|
False Friendliness: "Hi, George" |
|
|
144 | |
|
Disenchantment: Where's the Magic? |
|
|
146 | |
|
Health and Environmental Hazards: Even Your Pets Are at Risk |
|
|
148 | |
|
Homogenization: It's No Different in Paris |
|
|
151 | |
|
Dehumanization: Getting Hosed at "Trough and Brew" |
|
|
152 | |
|
Fast-Food Industry: Gone Is the "Greasy Spoon" |
|
|
155 | |
|
Family: The Kitchen as Filling Station |
|
|
156 | |
|
Higher Education: McLectures and McColleges |
|
|
158 | |
|
Health Care: You're Just a Number |
|
|
159 | |
|
|
160 | |
|
8. Globalization and McDonaldization: Does It All Amount to..."Nothing"? |
|
|
163 | |
|
|
164 | |
|
McDonaldization and Grobalization |
|
|
168 | |
|
Nothing-Something and McDonaldization |
|
|
170 | |
|
Nothing-Something and Grobalization-Glocalization |
|
|
172 | |
|
The Grobalization of Something |
|
|
172 | |
|
The Grobalization of Nothing |
|
|
174 | |
|
The Glocalization of Nothing |
|
|
176 | |
|
The Glocalization of Something |
|
|
178 | |
|
The Case for McDonaldization as an Example of the Glocalization of Something |
|
|
180 | |
|
The Case for McDonaldization as an Example of the Grobalization of Nothing |
|
|
182 | |
|
9. Dealing With McDonaldization: A Practical Guide |
|
|
187 | |
|
Creating "Reasonable" Alternatives: Sometimes You Really Do Have to Break the Rules |
|
|
189 | |
|
Fighting Back Collectively: Saving Hearts, Minds, Taste Buds, and the Piazza di Spagna |
|
|
191 | |
|
McLibel Support Group: McDonald's Pyrrhic Victory |
|
|
191 | |
|
National Heart Savers Association: McClog the Artery |
|
|
193 | |
|
Slow Food: Creating a Place for Traditional, Regional, and High-Quality Food |
|
|
194 | |
|
Sprawl-Busters: A "Hit List" of McDonaldized Superstores |
|
|
197 | |
|
Local Protests: Not Wanting to Say "Bye-Bye to the Neighborhood" |
|
|
197 | |
|
Coping Individually: "Skunk Works," Blindfolded Children, and Fantasy Worlds |
|
|
200 | |
|
Games, Knitting, and Non-Rationalized Niches |
|
|
201 | |
|
A Range of Individual Actions: If All Else Fails, Save the Children |
|
|
204 | |
|
Freedom: If You Can't Cope, Can You Escape? |
|
|
207 | |
|
|
209 | |
10. The Starbuckization of Society? |
|
211 | |
|
Howard Schultz and the Founding of the Starbucks Empire: No More Swill |
|
|
214 | |
|
What Has Starbucks Added to, or Removed From, the McDonald's Model? |
|
|
216 | |
|
Muting McDonald's Hard Edge |
|
|
217 | |
|
|
219 | |
|
|
220 | |
|
Should the Concept of "Starbuckization" Replace "McDonaldization"? |
|
|
224 | |
|
Starbucks and the Principles of McDonaldization |
|
|
224 | |
|
The Irrationality of Rationality at Starbucks |
|
|
225 | |
|
|
228 | |
|
The Convergence of Starbucks and McDonald's |
|
|
229 | |
Notes |
|
233 | |
Bibliography |
|
277 | |
Index |
|
283 | |