Preface |
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xi | |
About the Authors |
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xiii | |
1 Introduction |
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1 | (30) |
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1.1 Traditional Metallic Biomaterials |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials and Their New Biofunctions |
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3 | (7) |
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1.2.1 What are Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials? |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Antibacterial Function |
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3 | (2) |
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1.2.3 Promotion of Osteogenesis |
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5 | (3) |
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1.2.4 Reduction of In-stent Restenosis |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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1.2.7 Self-Adjustment of Young's Modulus for Spinal Fixation Applications |
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10 | (1) |
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1.3 Technical Consideration on Alloying Design of Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials |
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10 | (6) |
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1.3.1 Evolution of Mechanical Properties with Implantation Time |
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10 | (4) |
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1.3.2 Biocorrosion or Biodegradation Behavior and Control on Ion Release |
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14 | (2) |
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1.4 Novel Process Technologies for Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials |
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16 | (4) |
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17 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Safety and Effectiveness of Biofunctions |
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17 | (3) |
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1.4.3 Severe Plastic Deformation |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (11) |
2 Introduction of the Biofunctions into Traditional Metallic Biomaterials |
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31 | (28) |
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2.1 Antibacterial Metallic Biomaterials |
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31 | (9) |
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2.1.1 Antibacterial Metals |
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31 | (2) |
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2.1.2 Antibacterial Stainless Steels |
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33 | (4) |
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2.1.2.1 Ag-Bearing Antibacterial Stainless Steels |
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33 | (1) |
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2.1.2.2 Cu-Bearing Antibacterial Stainless Steels |
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34 | (2) |
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2.1.2.3 Other Antibacterial Stainless Steels |
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36 | (1) |
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2.1.3 Antibacterial Ti Alloys |
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37 | (2) |
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2.1.3.1 Antibacterial Ti-Ag Alloys |
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37 | (1) |
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2.1.3.2 Antibacterial Ti-Cu Alloys |
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37 | (1) |
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2.1.3.3 Antibacterial TiNi-Based Alloys |
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38 | (1) |
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2.1.3.4 Surface-Modified Ti Alloys with Antibacterial Property |
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38 | (1) |
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2.1.4 Antibacterial Mg Alloys |
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39 | (1) |
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2.1.5 Antibacterial Bulk Metallic Glasses |
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40 | (1) |
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2.2 MRI Compatibility of Metallic Biomaterials |
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40 | (7) |
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2.2.1 MRI Compatibility of Traditional Metallic Biomaterials |
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44 | (1) |
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2.2.2 MRI-Compatible Zr Alloys |
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44 | (2) |
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2.2.3 MRI-Compatible Nb Alloys |
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46 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Other MRI-Compatible Alloys |
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47 | (1) |
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2.3 Radiopacity of Metallic Biomaterials |
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47 | (3) |
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2.3.1 Stainless Steel Stents |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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2.3.5 Other Metallic Stents |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (9) |
3 Development of Mg-Based Degradable Metallic Biomaterials |
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59 | (54) |
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59 | (1) |
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3.2 Mg-Based Alloy Design and Selection Considerations |
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60 | (23) |
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60 | (4) |
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64 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Considerations in Mg-Based Alloy Design |
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64 | (3) |
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3.2.3.1 Mechanical Property Requirements |
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64 | (1) |
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3.2.3.2 Material Compositional Design |
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65 | (1) |
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3.2.3.3 Toxicity and Degradation Consideration |
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66 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Methods to Improve Mechanical Property |
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67 | (16) |
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3.2.4.1 In Situ Strengthening |
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67 | (8) |
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75 | (8) |
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3.3 State of the Art of the Mg-Based Alloy Material Research |
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83 | (9) |
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83 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Mg-Based Alloys with Essential Elements |
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84 | (2) |
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3.3.2.1 Mg-Ca-Based Alloys |
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84 | (1) |
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3.3.2.2 Mg-Si- and Mg-Sr-Based Alloys |
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85 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Mg-Based Alloys with High Strength |
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86 | (2) |
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3.3.3.1 Mg-Zn-Based Alloys |
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87 | (1) |
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3.3.3.2 Mg-RE-Based Alloys |
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87 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Mg-Based Alloys with Special Biofunctions |
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88 | (2) |
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3.3.5 Mg-Based Alloys with Improved Corrosion Resistance |
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90 | (1) |
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3.3.6 Mg-Based Alloys with Bioactive Surfaces |
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91 | (1) |
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3.3.6.1 Drug-Releasing Coatings |
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91 | (1) |
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3.3.6.2 Biomimetic Coatings |
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91 | (1) |
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3.4 State of the Art of Medical Mg-Based Alloy Device Research |
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92 | (5) |
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3.4.1 Cardiovascular Devices |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (3) |
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3.5 Challenges and Opportunities for Mg-Based Biomedical Materials and Devices |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (15) |
4 Development of Fe-Based Degradable Metallic Biomaterials |
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113 | (48) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (13) |
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4.2.1 Mechanical Properties of Pure Iron |
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114 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Metabolism and Toxicity of Pure Iron |
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114 | (4) |
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4.2.2.1 The Distribution of Iron in Human Body |
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114 | (1) |
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4.2.2.2 Physiological Function of Iron in Human Body |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (3) |
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4.2.2.4 The Maintenance of Iron Balance |
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117 | (1) |
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4.2.2.5 The Toxicity of Iron |
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118 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Basic Properties of Pure Iron |
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118 | (1) |
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4.2.3.1 Effects of Processing Technologies on the Microstructure of Pure Iron |
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118 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Degradation Behavior of Pure Iron in the Physiological Environment |
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119 | (2) |
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4.2.5 In Vitro Experiments of Pure Iron |
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121 | (2) |
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4.2.6 In Vivo Experiments of Pure Iron |
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123 | (4) |
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127 | (12) |
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4.4 Iron-Based Composites |
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139 | (5) |
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4.4.1 Compositing with Metals |
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139 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Compositing with Nonmetallic Materials |
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141 | (1) |
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4.4.3 In Vitro Biocompatibility of Iron-Based Composites |
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142 | (2) |
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4.5 Surface Modification of Iron-Based Materials |
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144 | (6) |
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4.5.1 Surface Modification for Improving Biocompatibility |
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144 | (3) |
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4.5.2 Surface Modification for Regulating Degradation Behavior |
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147 | (3) |
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4.6 New Fabrication Technologies for Iron-Based Materials |
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150 | (4) |
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150 | (1) |
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4.6.2 Equal Channel Angular Pressing |
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150 | (1) |
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4.6.3 Metal Injection Molding |
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151 | (1) |
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4.6.4 Cold Gas Dynamic Spraying |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (5) |
5 Development of Zn-Based Degradable Metallic Biomaterials |
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161 | (28) |
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161 | (1) |
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5.2 Body Zn Distribution and Mobilization |
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162 | (1) |
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5.3 The Physiological Function of Zn |
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162 | (2) |
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5.4 State of the Art of the Zn-Based Alloy Material Research |
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164 | (18) |
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164 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Binary Zn-Based Alloys |
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165 | (9) |
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5.4.2.1 The Microstructure of Binary Zn-Based Alloy |
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166 | (1) |
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5.4.2.2 The Mechanical Properties of Binary Zn-Based Alloy |
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167 | (1) |
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5.4.2.3 The Degradation Behavior of Binary Zn-Based Alloys |
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167 | (3) |
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5.4.2.4 The Biocompatibility of Binary Zn-Based Alloys |
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170 | (4) |
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5.4.3 Ternary Zn-Based Alloys |
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174 | (4) |
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5.4.3.1 The Microstructure of Ternary Zn-Based Alloys |
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174 | (1) |
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5.4.3.2 The Mechanical Properties of Ternary Zn-Based Alloys |
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175 | (1) |
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5.4.3.3 The Degradation Behavior of Ternary Zn-Based Alloys |
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176 | (2) |
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5.4.3.4 The Biocompatibility of Ternary Zn-Based Alloys |
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178 | (1) |
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5.4.4 Zn-Based Composites |
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178 | (11) |
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5.4.4.1 Zn-ZnO Composites |
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178 | (4) |
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5.4.4.2 Zn-Nanodiamond Composites |
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182 | (1) |
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5.5 Challenges and Opportunities for Zn-Based Biomedical Materials and Devices |
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182 | (3) |
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185 | (4) |
6 Development of Bulk Metallic Glasses for Biomedical Application |
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189 | (34) |
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189 | (7) |
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6.1.1 Oxide Glasses as Biomaterials |
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189 | (2) |
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6.1.2 Bulk Metallic Glasses |
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191 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Fabrication of Bulk Metallic Glasses |
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191 | (2) |
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6.1.4 Properties of Bulk Metallic Glasses |
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193 | (3) |
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6.2 Nonbiodegradable Bulk Metallic Glasses |
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196 | (6) |
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6.2.1 Ti-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses |
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197 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses |
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198 | (3) |
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6.2.3 Fe-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses |
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201 | (1) |
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6.3 Biodegradable Bulk Metallic Glasses |
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202 | (7) |
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6.3.1 Mg-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses |
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202 | (5) |
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6.3.2 Ca-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses |
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207 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Zn-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses |
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208 | (1) |
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6.3.4 Sr-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses |
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209 | (1) |
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6.4 Perspectives on Future R&D of Bulk Metallic Glass for Biomedical Application |
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209 | (4) |
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6.4.1 How to Design Better Bulk Metallic Glasses |
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209 | (2) |
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6.4.1.1 Functional Minor Alloying Elements |
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209 | (1) |
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6.4.1.2 The Glass-Forming Ability |
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210 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Surface Modification of Bulk Metallic Glasses |
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211 | (1) |
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6.4.3 How to Manufacture Medical Devices Using Bulk Metallic Glasses |
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211 | (1) |
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6.4.4 Future Biomedical Application Areas of Bulk Metallic Glass |
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211 | (2) |
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213 | (10) |
7 Development of Bulk Nanostructured Metallic Biomaterials |
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223 | (32) |
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223 | (7) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (3) |
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7.1.3 Structure-Property Relationship |
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228 | (2) |
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7.2 Representative Bulk Nanostructured Metallic Biomaterials |
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230 | (15) |
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230 | (5) |
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235 | (3) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (4) |
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243 | (1) |
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7.2.6 Pure Fe and Other Fe-Based Alloys |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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7.3 Future Prospect on Bulk Nanostructured Metallic Biomaterials |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (9) |
8 Titanium Implants Based on Additive Manufacture |
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255 | (38) |
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255 | (1) |
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8.2 AM Technologies Applicable for Ti-Based Alloys |
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256 | (9) |
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8.2.1 Powder Materials Used in AM Technology |
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257 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Architecture Design in AM Technology |
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257 | (2) |
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8.2.3 Processing Methods of AM Technology |
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259 | (4) |
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8.2.4 Posttreatment of AM Technology |
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263 | (1) |
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8.2.5 Surface Forming Quality of AM Technology |
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264 | (1) |
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8.3 Microstructure and Performance Evaluation of Ti-Based Alloys Fabricated by AM Technology |
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265 | (13) |
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8.3.1 Microstructure of Ti-Based Alloys Fabricated by AM Technology |
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265 | (2) |
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8.3.2 Mechanical Properties of Ti-Based Alloys Fabricated by AM Technology |
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267 | (6) |
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8.3.3 In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Ti-Based Implants Fabricated by AM Technology |
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273 | (2) |
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8.3.4 Animal Experiments of Ti-Based Implants Fabricated by AM Technology |
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275 | (2) |
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8.3.5 Clinical Trials of Ti-Based Implants Fabricated by AM Technology |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (7) |
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285 | (8) |
9 Future Research on Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials |
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293 | (14) |
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9.1 Tissue Engineering Scaffolds with Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials |
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293 | (3) |
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9.2 Building Up of Multifunctions for Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials |
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296 | (4) |
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9.3 Intelligentization for Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials |
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300 | (4) |
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304 | (3) |
Index |
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307 | |